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When the first substantive serves the purpose of an adjective,
expressing the matter or substance of which the second thing
consists, and may be placed after it with of (not denoting pos-
session), the hyphen should be omitted; as, Silk gown=gown
of silk. When the first does not express the matter or substance
of the second, and may be placed after it with of (denoting pos-
session), or with for, or belonging to, the hyphen should be in-,
serted; as, School-master, play-time, cork-screw, laundry-maid.

Between an adjective and its substantive the hyphen should
be omitted; as, High sheriff, prime minister. When the ad-
jective and its substantive are used as a kind of compound ad-
jective to another substantive, the hyphen should be inserted
between the two former; as, high-church doctrine.

When an adjective, or an adverb, and a participle immediate-
ly following, are used together as a kind of compound adjective,
merely expressing an inherent quality without reference to im-
mediate action, and (in order of syntax) precede the substantive
to which they are joined, the hyphen should be inserted; as, a
quick-sailing vessel. When they imply immediate action, and
(in order of syntax) follow the substantive, the hyphen should
be omitted; as, "The ship quick sailing o'er the deep."

§ 695. The mark for the long vowel (-) is used by being
placed over it, as in "Rosy." The mark for the short vowel
(~) is used in the same manner, as in "Folly.”

§ 696. The DIERESIS () consists of two points, which are
placed over one of two vowels which would otherwise make a
diphthong, and parts them into syllables; as, "Creator;" "aë-
rial."

§ 697. The PARAGRAPH (T) denotes the beginning of a new
topic. This character is chiefly used in the Bible.

§ 698. The SECTION (§) denotes the division of a discourse
or chapter into less portions.

§ 699. QUOTATION MARKS ("") denote that the words of an-
other are introduced; as, "Hope springs eternal in the human
breast."

§700. The INDEX or HAND () points out a remarkable

passage.

§ 701. The ELLIPSIS ( *** or ) denotes the omission of
some letters or words; as, K-g for king; c*****n for captain.

В в в

§ 702. The ASTERISK (*), the OBELISK (†), the DOUBLE DAG-
GER (‡), and PARALLELS (||), together with LETTERS and FIG-
URES, are used as references to the margin or bottom of the page.

CAPITAL LETTERS.

§ 703. In ancient manuscripts capital letters only were used,
which followed one another without being divided into words by
spaces or into sentences by points. At a later period, nouns al-
ways commenced with a capital, as is the practice now in the
German language. In the use of capitals in the English lan-
guage, there is some diversity in the practice of writers and
printers.

The following classes of words usually begin with capital
letters:

1. The first word of every book, chapter, letter, or any other
piece of writing; also the first word after a Period; also the first
word after an Interrogation point, or an Exclamation point, if
it closes an independent sentence; also the first word of every
line of poetry; also the first word of a formal quotation; as,
Remember the ancient maxim: "Know thyself." But for an
informal quotation a capital is unnecessary; as, Solomon re-
marks "that pride goes before destruction" of places.

2. Proper names; Adjectives derived from proper names; ti-
tles of honor and distinction; and Common Nouns personified:
New York; Roman; General Scott; Alexander the Great ;
"There Honor comes a pilgrim gray."

3. Words used as the names of the Deity; as, God, Jehovah.
4. Every substantive and principal word in the title of books;
as, "Pope's Essay on Man." The title-page of books, the pro-
noun I, and the interjection O.

Other words besides the preceding may begin with capital
letters when they are emphatical, or the Principal Subject of
discourse. Italic letters are used for distinguishing words and
phrases which are emphatic.

THE END.

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INDEX OF WORDS.

-

-

The figures refer to pages. Stems and some other forms are in italics; V prefixed marks a
root; -prefixed marks a suffix; -affixed marks a prefix; +prefixed marks the latter part of a
compound; + affixed to a figure means and the following.

[blocks in formation]

Vag, 407, 408, 409, 410, 544, 621.

411, 422.

-acy, 410.

-a-, 420, 421.

ad-, 411.

ab-, 411.

-ad, 431.

ab, 459.

adagio, 441.

Abaddon, 439.

Adam, 454, 457.

abandon, 416.

again, 212.

adamantine, 265.

abase, 416.

against, 370, 372.

Adams, 457.

abate, 416.

age, 415.

Adamson, 457.

abbasse, 245.

adapt, 403.

Addison, 457.

Addiscot, 457.

adduce, 411.

-ade, 431.

abbess, 244, 245.

abbot, 244, 459.

Abderite, 431.

abhominable, 226.

Abib, 438.
abide, 331, 346.
abided abode, 225
Abingdon, 459.
Abington, 450.

adelphic, 434.
adhere, 411.
adhesion, 171.
adieu, 213, 416.
adjective, 263.

ablaze, 361.

adjust, 411.

-able, 410, 444.

adjutor, 244.

aboard, 360, 370.

adjutrix, 244.

abolish, 415.

aborigines, 411.
about, 366, 370.

above, 366, 367, 370, 372.

above my bend, 123.
abrade, 407, 411.

abridge, 223.

abs-, 411.

absolve, 411.

abstain, 411.

abstemious, 411.

abuse, 411.

abyss, 432.
ac-,459.

ac, 430.

a ccede, 411.

accent, 165.

accept, 409.

acceptable, 193.
acceptableness, 193.

accessible, 265.
according to, 370.
-ace, 415.
-aceous, 410.
ache, 383.

achieve, 416.

acid, 408, 410.

acious, 410, 444.

-acle, 410.

acme, 430.

Adle-, 453.

administrator, 244
administratrix, 244.
admiraltry, 117.
admire, 171.
ado, 360.

adown, 174, 371.

adrift, 360.

adry, 118, 540.

adulterer, 244.

adulteress, 244.

adure, 408.

adverb, 359.

advice, 446.

advise, 446.

agency, 411.

agent, 405.

aggravate irritate,118.

aggress, 411.
aghast, 540.

agile, 406, 408, 410.

agility, 406.

ago, 365.

agog, 203.
agree, 413.
agriculture, 4096.
aground, 540.

ah, 183, 212, 381,
386.
Ah I, 112.
-ah, 439.
a-hungry, 118.
-aign, 415.
-ain, 4:5.

air, 422, 431, 716.
airy, 393.
aisle, 205, 213.
Ak-, 459.
akin, 540.

al-,439, 442.

-al, 410, 415, 444.
alarm, 416.

jalas, 381, 383.

albicore, 443.

Vaed, 421, 422, 420.

alcaid, 443.

Eneid, 431.

alcanna, 443.

alchemy, 443.

alcohol, 413.

alcor, 443.

aerial, 174, 405, 422.

aeriform, 405, 406, 436.

aerology, 405.

aeronaut, 405, 406, 430,
436.
Vaesth, 422.
aesthetic, 422
Vaeth, 42, 481.
afeared, 540.

a few while, 113.
affinities, 252.
affix, 411.

affrayed, 416.
afire, 361.

a-cold, 118.

acre, 450.

aeross, 366, 370.

afore, 371.

afloat, 540.

alcove, 443.
Ald-, 459.
Aldborough, 459.
Aldebaran, 443.
ale, 144, 145, 152.
alembic, 443.
aleph, 438.

Alexander, 457.458
Alfred, 454, 455.

algebra, 443.

algid, 410.

algum, 439.

alhenna, 443.

all and singular, 540.

Alleghany, 78.

allege, 411.

allegory, 670.

all: gro, 441.
Alley, 457.

all-fired, 123.

Allix, 457.

allot upon, 121, 123.
allude, 47.

allusion, 673.

ally, 414
almagest, 443.
almanac, 443.
almighty, 270.
almodad, 439.
383, almost, 269, 366.
alms, 253, 406, 437.
alms-house, 395, 399.
almucantar, 443.
almng, 439.
alot, 540.

alone, 273, 360, 540.
along, 370.

aloud, 360, 566.

alphabet, 217.

already, 365.

also, 171, 378, 187, 620.
altitude, 411.

altogether, 366.

always, 361, 365.

am, 306, 307, 308, 319,

324; (inflected) 325+
346, 357, 592.
amass, 416.
amazing, 123.
amazon, 246.
amb-, 411.
amber, 442.
ambiguous, 411.
ambition, 411.
ambler, 393.
ambrosia, 439.
ameliorate, 416.
amen, 166, 366, 438.
amend, 416.
America, 204.
amid, 370.

amid-t, 368, 370.

amiss, 540.

among, 370.

[blocks in formation]

Armagh, 212.

any, 123, 204, 212, 225, armory, 410.
264, 273, 299, 393, 544, around, 366, 370.
545, 548.

any body, 302.

any how you can fix it,
123.

any manner of means,
123.

any thing, 302, 366.

any where, 366.

aorta, 205.

Vap, 409.

Ap-, 454.

apart, 366, 416.

apathy, 426.
Vaph, 421, 422.
apheresis, 174.

apo 433.
apocalypse, 433.

apocope, 174, 424, 430,
432, 433.

apocrypha, 424, 429, 430.

apodictic, 424.

apologue, 433, 678.

apodosis, 424.

apology, 433.

apophthegm, 211, 427.
apoplectic, 421.

anatomy, 115, 4S, 433. apoplexy, 214, 427, 433.

anatreptic, 433.

[blocks in formation]

aporia, 431.

aposiopesis, 678.

apostasy, 428.

apostate, 428.

apostle, 428.

apostolic, 428.

apostrophe, 433, 679.

apozem, 429, 433.
apparent, 414.

appellative, 243.

appear, 414.

angel, 265.

angelic, 265.

append, 411.

angle, 177.

apposition, 530.

Anglo-Saxon, S3, S4.

appraise, 446.

angular, 265.

appreciate, 123.

angry, 393.

apprise, 446.

annals, 253.

apprize, 446.

annoy, 414.

appurtenance, 417.
April, 462.

anatomy,

annex, 411.

an otomy
118.

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apron, 211.

apsis, 405, 421, 422.
apt, 405.

aptly, 444.

aptness, 444.
aqueduct, 402.
aqueous, 410.
-ar, 410.

arabesque, 415.
arable, 410.
arbiter, 244.
arbitress, 244.
arc, 407, 409.
arcanum, 252.
arch, 422.

Varch, 422, 423.

archaic, 430.

archaism, 430.

antidote, 165, 424, 431. archduke, 423.

[blocks in formation]

archetype, 422.

architect, 423.

archives, 253, 430.

archon, 422.

-ard, 393.

are, 324.

argufy, 118.
arise, 386, 395.

=

arised arose, 225.
ark, 145, 406.
Jarm, 386, 390.

[blocks in formation]

540, 620.

ashamed, 540.

ashen, 393.

ashes, 253.

ashore, 360, 540.

as how, 118.

aside, 540.

ask, 117.
askew, 540.
asleep, 361, 540.
asparagus, 450.
-ass, 415.
ass, 246, 438.
assail, 414.
assay, 446, 447.
assets, 253.
associational, 120.
as soon as, 601.
assume, 411.
aster, 410.
astride, 371.
astrolabe, 426.

astronomy, 420, 426.
asunder, 366.

at, 369, 370, 396, 616.
'at, 112.
-ate, 410.
-ated, 448.
athirst, 540.

athwart, 362, 370.
atom, 428, 432.
atone, 404.

at random, 364.
atrophy, 428.
attach, 396.
attack, 396.
attacted, 117.
attain, 396, 411.
attempt, 396.
attend, 395, 396.
Attle, 459.
Attleborough, 459.
attract, 405.
attractive, 405.

[blocks in formation]

Vauxe, 423.

auxesis, 406, 422, 495.
avail, 416.

avails, 123.
avant, 416.
avant-guard, 416.

avenge, 416.
aver, 416.
avert, 411.
Avim, 439.
avise, 416.
avocation, 646.

387, avouch, 416.

avow, 416.

awake, 174, 346, 395,
aware, 540.

away, 361, 366, 382.
awe, 212.

awful, 123, 212.

awhile, 360, 361.

ax

ask, 117.

ay, 610.

aye, 365, 366,
azimuth, 442.

azote, 429.

azure, 145, 148, 151, 152,

193, 212, 214.
azyme, 429.

√ba, 423, 431.
baa, 212.

Bacchanals, 451.
bacheldor, 117.
bachelor, 245, 418.
Bachelor, 458.
back, 366, 368, 397.
back and forth, 121, 123.
backbite, 397.
back-house, 453.
back out, 123.

backslide, 396, 397.

backus, 453.

backward, 366, 368, 393.

backwards, 368.

backwoodsman, 123.

backwound, 397.

bad, 267.
bad box, 123.
badge, 209.
Badger, 457.
Badman, 458.

Bag o' nails - Baccha

nals, 451.
Bailey, 457.
bailiff, 415.
Bailiff, 457.
bait, 177.

bake, 346.

bake-house, 399, 453.

baker, 386.

Baker, 456.

bakery, 399.

bal, 420, 421, 423.
balance, 123.
baldness, 171.
bale, 170.
balister, 423.
balk, 210.
ball, 184.
Ball, 458.
ballast, 191.

balloon, 190.

[blocks in formation]

authorize, 228, 415, 445. banian, 442.

autopsy, 426.

[blocks in formation]

bon mot, 441.

bonnet, 88.

bear, 346, 359, 427.
Beard, 458.

bear's ear, 400, 402; foot,

402; wort, 402.

beast, 415.

beastes, 117.

beat, 152, 177, 203, 346.
beau, 203, 206, 212, 245,
252.
Beaumont, 456.
beauty, 206, 213, 225,
415.

because, 371, 374, 378,
because why, 119.

becharm, 395.

be chosen, 593.

Beck, 456.

[blocks in formation]

better, 124, 222, 267, 357, bolster, 89.

365.

betterments, 120, 124.

between, 361, 370.

betwixt, 370.

beware, 356.

beyond, 370.

b'hoys, 124.
bib, 407.
/bib, 410.
bibacious, 410.
bibble-babble, 390, 391.
bid, 346, 389, 595, 536.
Biddulph, 455.
bigamy, 445.

big-bugs, 124.

billiards, 253.

[blocks in formation]

Boneless: Boreas. 452. brightly, 360.

[blocks in formation]

bind, 177, 346, 386, 388, Borough, 459.

bird, 175, 211.

bird-catcher, 399.

boss, 120, 124.

bossy, 124.

bishop, 79, 406, 420, 428, bounden, 317.

Bird, 457.

botanist, 246.

botany, 423.

Birmingham, 460.

both, 300, 540.

birthdom, 394.

Bottom, 456, 459.

biscuit, 400, 418.

bottom-land, 121, 124.

buffetiers,

437.

bountiful, 444.

[blocks in formation]

bounty, 415.

beer-glass, 399.

bishopric, 394.

Beet, 457.

Bishopsthorpe, 461.

bow, 145, 352, 389.

bite, 177, 215, 346.

Black, 457.

Be-faithful Joiner, 458.

before, 365, 367,370,371, black, 133.

372, 601.

bourne, 460.

bowels, 253.

bowl, 222.

Bowles, 458.

brimstone, 400.

bring, 346, 389.

British, 270.

broad, 177, 204, 207, 212,
225, 460.
broken, 317.
brood, 177.

brother, 39, 44, 77, 132,
177, 245, 251.
brother-chip, 124.
brotherly, 266.
brothers, 251.

Brothers, 458.
Brown, 457.
brown bread, 400.
Browning, 454.
brunette, 246.
brute, 407, 40S.
bubble, 36, 171, 225.
buccaneer, 415.

buck, 245,

Buck, 457.

buckra, 120.
buck-rabbit, 246.
Bucktooth, 458.

bud, 112.

budge, 223.
build, 346, 389.
bulbaceous, 410.

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