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Carroll, at prices now surprisingly low, viz., sixty acres, at forty shillings an acre, payment being made in tobacco at one penny per pound.

At that time, Baltimore appears to have been surrounded with a board fence, with two gates for carriages and one for foot-passengers.

The Battle of Baltimore.-Maryland was invaded by a powerful British army in 1814, and Baltimore was saved from capture by the energy of the officers and soldiers hastily assembled for the de

fence.

A British squadron was blockading the coast, and Commodore Barney sailed from Baltimore to protect the harbors, &c., in the bay, with a flotilla, consisting of a cutter, two gunboats, a galley, and nine large barges. At the mouth

Lieutent-General Ross, intending to capture Washington and Baltimore.

After the capture of Washington and Georgetown, the enemy directed his attention to Baltimore. Forty smaller vessels, under Admiral Cochrane, sailed for the Patapsco, and arrived at North point, twelve miles from the city. They were drawn up and anchored in a line across the river, and the debarkation of the troops soon commenced. The landing was completed on the morning of September 12, and the forces prepared to march against the city, amounting to eight thousand, including soldiers, sailors, and marines. At the same time, sixteen vessels, including frigates and bomb-vessels, moved up the river to make an attack by water, in coöperation with the army. The latter anchored at the distance of two and a half miles from Fort M'Henry, which had been timely garrisoned by a strong force of

of the Patuxent river he discovered two
schooners and pursued them. One car-
ried eighteen guns; and as both were
soon joined by the barges of a seventy-five thousand men.
four, which was soon discovered, he fled
into the mouth of the river. They fol-
lowed, but were driven back, and the
commodore returning anchored about
three miles distant from the ship. A
few days after, a rasée of the enemy ar-
rived, with a sloop-of-war; and the com-
modore was compelled to retire to St.
Leonard's creek, pursued by the smaller
vessels and the barges of the larger.
There he extended his line of boats
across the stream, in order of battle.
The enemy twice advanced and were
twice driven back, and the eighteen-gun
schooner was so much injured by the
American shot that she was run
shore and abandoned.

on

A body of artillery from Washington arrived on the 26th, when a combined attack was made on the enemy from the land and the water, and with success. The British retreated after an action of two hours, and immediately sailed down the river.

A short time after, however, having received large reinforcements from Europe in consequence of the cessation of hostilities with France, the enemy formed the plan of a large expedition, and soon entered the Chesapeake, accompanied by thirty ships-of-war, under

The British army proceeded, while a body of three thousand Americans moved out to meet them. On intelligence being received by the latter of the enemy's approach, two companies of artillery, a few riflemen, and ten artillerymen with a four-pounder, hastened on to meet their advance, which was reported to be a light corps. But, as the ground was unfavorable to the use of the enemy's cavalry and artillery, the action was sustained by the infantry of the detachments.

General Ross, pressing forward with several of his staff, exposed himself, on an open field, to the fire of a few American sharpshooters posted in an advantageous position, and he instantly received a mortal wound, and fell, with several of his officers. The enemy then pushed on and attacked the American left.

The action now became general, and a sharp contest continued from two to four o'clock, P. M., when the Americans, being in far inferior force, fell back upon the reserve. The next day was spent without renewing the action, the enemy taking position in the afternoon in front of the Americans, driving in their outposts, and preparing for an attack at

night. The weather was stormy, however, and in the morning the British reëmbarked, and a bombardment commenced, which lasted till the following morning. An attempt was made to storm Fort Covington, but failed, with loss, and the expedition retreated down the river."

Nature has made generous provision for extensive and various manufactures in Maryland. Baltimore and its vicinity has been said, by a well-qualified writer, to possess "unrivalled advantages" for manufacturing, there not being "on the continent a location more favorable. Everything is cheap; and ready access can be had to all the markets of the Union. Nothing is wanting but enterprise and industry to make the whole nation tributary" to this city.

THE FLOUR TRADE.-A most extensive business is transacted in flour in this city. The quantity of wheat-flour and cornmeal inspected during the miller's year, from July 1, to June 30, is about a million of barrels.

The chief wealth of Maryland, we will incidentally remark, is drawn from its agriculture and mines. Mining is now being carried on with great spirit, and since the completion of the canal and railroad from Baltimore to Cumberland, operations have been greatly extended. It is a fact worthy of observation that many of our ocean steamships are using the semi-bituminous coal of this region, and large quantities are used at Pittsburgh and for steamboats on the Ohio rivers. Furnaces, bloomeries, and rolling-mills, for the manufacture of iron, have increased wonderfully in number during the past five years, and turn out vast quantities of cast and bar iron. The principal agricultural produce is wool and pork; wheat, Indian corn, and oats; and tobacco. Maryland stands fourth on the list of tobacco-growing states, and is highly celebrated for the excellency of this staple. Ship-building, chiefly carried on at Baltimore, is also an extensive branch of industry. The coast fisheries employ many hundreds of families, and supply not only sufficient fish for the market of Baltimore, but also no all amount for export.

ANNAPOLIS. This town is distinguished as the state capital, and stands at the mouth of the river Severn, on its right bank, and three miles from Chesapeake bay. It is also the capital of Anne Arundel county. The statehouse, St. John's college, and St. Anne's church, are placed at three points of the city equally distant from each other, forming centres, at which meet, from different directions, the principal streets. The other public buildings are the government-house, methodist church, Roman catholic chapel, the bank, and the seminary. There are about four thousand three hundred inhabitants in Annapolis. It is thirty-seven miles north and seventy-six east from Washington, and thirty miles east of south from Baltimore.

The Statehouse is an old building, and has long served for public purposes. The American congress assembled here during some of the most interesting periods of the revolution. The senatechamber, in which they held their sessions, remains unaltered to the present day. It was there that the solemn scene was exhibited of the resignation of his commission by Washington, after the close of the war.

St. John's College has five professors, one thousand two hundred and forty alumni, and about seventy-five students, with a library of about four thousand volumes. The commencement is held on the 22d of February.

HAVRE DE GRACE is a small town at the mouth of Susquehanna river, thirtysix miles northeast from Baltimore and sixty miles from Philadelphia, and contains about fifteen hundred inhabitants. Here commences the Susquehanna canal, which extends from the Chesapeake to the Pennsylvania canals. This town was burnt by the British troops under Admiral Cockburn, in the late war, in 1813.

Steam-ferryboats cross the river here, and the railroad from Philadelphia to Baltimore passes through this place.

ELKTON, forty-five miles from Philadelphia and about the same distance from Baltimore, stands at the junction of the two principal branches of Elk river at the head of tidewater. It is a

place of some trade, and a neat and pleasant village.

CHESTERTOWN is thirty miles southeast from Baltimore, thirty from Chesapeake bay, and eighty-two northeast from Washington. It stands on Chester river, and contains over one thousand inhabitants. This is the seat of justice of Kent county. A branch of the university of Maryland is established here. EASTON. This town is on Treadhaven bay, thirteen miles from Elkton and Chesapeake bay. It contains three churches, a courthouse, and an academy. The inhabitants are over one thousand. It is a seaport and the seat of justice of Talbot county.

route.

SNOWHILL is situated on the east side of Pocomoke river, one hundred and sixty-three miles southeast of Washington. It contains a courthouse, an academy, five churches, and about eight hundred inhabitants, and is the seat of justice of Worcester county.

St. Mary's College was founded in 1830, and has a president, eleven tutors, and about one hundred and fifty students. Its libraries contain four thousand volumes. The commencement is held in the last week in June. Stagecoaches go to Frederick three times a week.

FREDERICK.-This is one of the principal towns in the state, being second in importance to Baltimore, from which it is distant sixty-one miles west. It stands on a branch of the Monocasy, in the midst of a pleasant country, with a fertile soil. It is laid out with regularity, and contains some fine private houses, and several conspicuous public buildings-a courthouse, county buildings, a market, twelve churches, two academies, a Roman catholic seminary and charity school, and above six thousand inhabitants. A branch railroad connects this town with the Baltimore and Ohio railroad.

Frederick County next south of Adams

CAMBRIDGE, twelve miles distant from Chesapeake bay, is on the Choptank, and contains a courthouse, an academy, and two churches, with about eight hundred inhabitants. Stagecoaches run to Snowhill and to Elkton. It is the seat of justice of Dorchester county, and is thirty-six miles southeast of Annapolis in a direct line, but fifty-three by post-county, and southwest of York county (Pa.), lies along the western boundary of Baltimore, Anne Arundel, and Montgomery counties, from which it is, for a considerable part of the distance, divided by the ridge of the Southeast mountain. It extends south to the Potomac and west to the Blue ridge. It is forty-two miles long and eighteen miles in mean breadth, and has an area of seven hundred and seventy-six square miles. It is traversed by the Monocasy, which lies wholly within it, excepting the headwaters. The Cotoctin mountain, a minor branch of the Blue ridge, extends south, from the northwest part of the county, nearly to the Potomac, dividing the valleys of the Monocasy and the Cotoctin. The surface is not generally hilly, and in some parts level; while the soil is favorable to grain, grass, and fruit; and it is one of the best cultivated parts of the state.

Barren Creek Mineral Springs are twenty-three miles from Cambridge; they are resorted to by numbers of visiters every seasons. The water contains oxyde of iron, soda, and magnesia, with muriatic acid.

WESTMINSTER. This town stands near the head of Patapsco river. It has a courthouse, an academy, three churches, and about five hundred inhabitants. It lies on the border of Frederick county, twenty-three miles northwest of Balti

more.

EMMETTSBURG is twenty-two miles north of Frederick. It stands on the Monocasy, in the north part of Frederick county, and contains four churches, an academy, and eight hundred inhabitants, and near it is one of the principal Roman catholic seminaries, called St. Mary's college.

HAGERSTOWN.N.-This town stands on Antietam creek, and is seventy miles west fom Baltimore, with daily stagecoaches to Frederick. It contains nine churches, a townhall, two banks, two academies, and nearly five thousand inhabitants. It is the seat of justice of

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Viaduct over the Patuxent on the Baltimore and Washington Railroad.

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