considerable extent of ground. The private houses are generally of a plain style, but many of them are neat and substantial; and the appearance of the city is much improved by many gardens, in which some of the finest fruits are cultivated, with a success which well rewards the taste and care of the inhabitants. Oranges, figs, pomegranates, grapes, &c., abound, with a great variety of flowers and ornamental shrubs. Of these a charming display is annually made, in the exhibitions of the horticultural society. The inhabitants, who amount to about 43,000, include many persons from the eastern states, and a considerable number of French. In the summer months the city is the residence of many of the planters from the neighboring estates and the interior, who are driven from home by the unhealthiness of the country. Our engraving of Meeting street presents two churches in the distance, while Charleston Hotel (a front view of which is given above) is seen on the left. This edifice has a fine colonnade of fourteen tall Corinthian pillars, rising from the second story, and supporting the roof above the fourth, with a broad piazza within, while the tall pediments below, afford between them entrances to the basement story from the street. The Charleston College, the oldest institution of the kind in the state, was founded in 1795, and has four professors, with a library of 3,000 volumes, and about 50 or 60 students. The Medical College of the state was founded in 1833, and has eight professors and about 150 students, and enjoys a high reputation. The Orphan Asylum is an interesting and highly useful institution, containing about 200 friendless children. Free Schools have been supported in all parts of the state, at considerable expense, by the legislature. The annual appropriations of money, as early as 1828, were nearly 40,000, the number of schools 840, and of pupils 9,000. The Guardhouse, which has been mentioned among the public buildings, is large, and the headquarters of the city guard, a part of which consists of mounted men, who form the regular night patrol. The Citadel, which was formerly used as the gnardhouse, is now occupied as the state military school. The Literary and Philosophical Society is an association creditable to the state, and possesses a valuable collection of specimens in the different departments of science. The City Library contains about 20,000 volumes. The Apprentices' Library contains about 10,000 volumes, and supplies the members with a course of lectures. Among the objects in the vicinity of Charleston worthy of particular attention, is Sullivan's Island, which was the scene of important military operations in the revolutionary war. Fort Moultrie, which commands the entrance of the harbor, was gallantly defended by a very feeble force, against a British squadron sent to take the city. The harbor now presents a scene of great activity. Besides the regular foreign and coasting vessels, which are numerous, steamboats and packet vessels arrive or depart every day, chiefly for the transport of passengers. There is a daily line of steamboats to Wilmington, North Carolina, and other lines.to Savannah and St. Augustine. Regular lines of fine ships sail at stated times for New York, &c., &c. Railroad cars start every day on the great track, for several important cities, to which the branches lead, Columbia, Augusta, and Savannah, and onward to more distant places beyond the last two: Mobile, Montgomery, Ala., and Memphis, Tenn. Stage-coaches offer the means of conveyance to other towns, near and distant. Beaufort, 75 miles from Charleston, is situated on Port Royal river, and has one of the largest and best harbors in South Carolina. With a population of about 1,600, it contains an academy, a library, and three churches; and has communication with Charleston and Savannah by steamboats. COLUMBIA, 130 miles from Charleston, is the capital of South Carolina, and stands on a large plain, about 200 feet above the level of the Congaree river, which flows at a little distance south of it, crossed by a bridge. The town makes a handsome appearance, being laid out with regularity, in loug and broad streets, planted with shade trees. Steamboats and railroad cars keep up a daily communication with Charleston. The Statehouse is a handsome edifice of two stories, and 170 feet in length; and the town contains two banks, a theatre, an academy, and several other public buildings, including six churches of different religious denominations. The population amounts to 6,100. The College of South Carolina, at Columbia, was founded in 1801, by an act of the legislature, and has been supported in a great degree by the treasury, which, previously to the year 1833, had expended about $200,000 in erecting || edifices, procuring a library and apparatus and other contingencies, besides an annual sum of $15,000. There are six tutors, about 150 students, and a library of 15,000 volumes. The commencement is held on the first Monday in December. The Southern Theological Seminary, which also is situated in this place, las a library of 4,000 volumes, two professors, and as yet, only a small number of students. It was founded in 1831. Cheraw stands on the great Pedee river, 93 miles from Columbia, and, like it, at the dividing line between the high and the low regions, at the head of navigation. The town is on a considerable elevation, about 100 feet above the water, but is small, containing only about 1,490 inhabitants. The public buildings are the bank, the town hall, five churches, and two academies. Steamboats come from Georgetown, and stage-coaches daily to Columbia and Raleigh. Camden, 33 miles from Columbia, stands on a plain on the left bank of the Wateree, and contains several fine public buildings; the city-hall, courthouse, masonic hall, bank, library, academy, and four churches. The Monument, in De Kalb street, was founded in 1825, when the cornerstone was laid by General Lafayette, in honor of Baron De Kalb. The Indian mound, a few miles west of the town, is said to be one of the remains of the Catawbas, formerly a powerful tribe. Spartansburg is a pleasant town, in a hilly part of the state, much resorted to by travellers, on account of the watering places in the vicinity; the Limestone, Pacolet, Cedar, and Glenn Sulphur springs. Greenville stands near the bank of Reedy river, which has several falls. The town is laid out with taste, and enjoys a healthful situation. It contains a courthouse, two academies, a library, and several churches. It is 107 miles from Columbia. THIS state, extending from Tennessee to Florida and the ocean, and lying between South Carolina and Alabama, has the same variety of surface, soil, and climate, as most of the other southern states, but differs from the Carolinas in having much less seacoast. The area of the state is 62,083 miles; and from the mouth of St. Mary's river to the northwest corner (the longest straight line that can be drawn within its boundaries), is 394 miles. The general surface of Georgia presents a great slope toward the south, of which the peninsula of Florida is a mere continuation. The rivers which descend it flow eastward into the Atlantic, or westward into the gulf of Mexico. On the coast, the slope descends to the very level of the salt water, forming the rich islands and shores which produce the celebrated sea-island cotton; while in the north it presents a general elevation of 1,200 feet, which is overlooked by the still higher mountain ranges. It is remarkable that the temperature is two degrees higher on the Atlantic coast than on the gulf, where the latitude and elevation are equal; and this is proved by the vegetation, as well as by scientific experiments. The great length of the state, with its variety of surface, gives Georgia a greater extent of vegetable production that any other state in the Union. producing wheat in the north, and sugarcane in the south, with the various plants, in different parts, between these two extremes. The nature of the surface requires us to distinguish three zones in this state, like those of North and South Carolina. The sea-border has an almost tropical climate, and is so nearly on the water level, as to be in part overflown by the daily tides; and where the soil is rich and dry enough, sugarcane flourishes, as well as the orange, date, and other palms, with a variety of plants not found further north. The islands and shores on which the long-staple cotton is cultivated, above alluded to, are bordered by narrow, and often intricate channels, navigable by vessels, which appear from a distance as if moving upon the land. This species of cotton is well-known, and most highly valued in all the ports and manufacturing cities of Europe, as well as of this country; and all attempts made, at home and abroad, to produce a rival have proved unsuccessful. The length and fineness of the staple or fibre fit it for some of the most costly fabrics; and the demand is always great, and the prices high. A considerable proportion of this first and lowest region of the state, however, has a poor and even barren soil. The second district, which is both sandy and hilly, has considerable tracts of worthless land, though other parts yield corn and cotton; but the most valuable portion of the state is the higher region beyond, which presents a more varied surface, and a soil of superior fertility, well watered by numerous streams; while the sultry and unhealthy atmosphere of the lower country is replaced by cool, pure, and wholesome air. reaching down to the coast, and lining the shore with a range of rough granite rocks. Westward, the same primitive range extends almost to Tennessee, being bounded beyond by a transition range, which intervenes between it and the secondary region of the Mississippi. The Chatahoochee river is said to have derived its name from a rock of a peculiar appearance, which stands on its bank, a short distance above Columbus. It is marked with various bright colors, so intermingled as to make it appear as if overgrown with various plants, in full bloom. Hence the Indians bestowed upon the stream the name which it has retained, and which signifies the "flowerrock waters." Many parts of this fine stream are interesting, on some account or other, between its source, in the northeast quarter of Georgia, and Appalachicola bay, which is four hundred and thirty miles below Columbus. nery just above that city is remarkably wild and picturesque; rocks projecting from the banks, and many rising from its bed, impeding the current, and increasing the roughness of the stream, rendered hasty by the descent of the channel. Its course is, for several miles, a succession of falls and rapids, within four of which the declivity is more than one hundred feet. The sce Along its shores have been some of the most rapid improvements made in the state. Columbus has already become a considerable town, although but a few years ago an Indian village. Below its site many villages are to be seen from the steamboats, in which the traveller makes his way through the heart of the state. The grand primitive formation of the United States commences at Milledgeville, in this state, and extends, with the highest ridge of the Allegany mountains, through several northern ones, forming the boundary between the great western valley of the Mississippi, and the eastern slope to the coast of the Atlantic. This range is distinguished through a great part of its length, by a remarkable feature. It terminates abruptly at the border of the extensive alluvial region which forms the broad THE LOVER'S LEAP.-The place bearband between it and the ocean. This ing this name is a romantic spot on the character accompanies it as it passes Chatahoochee, and is represented in the west of Washington and Philadelphia, vignette at the head of this state. It is to the Hudson river, and is attended a high and ragged cliff, which is the terwith several circumstances and effects, mination of an ascending knoll of dark of great practical importance, which rocks, and projects boldly into the river. have been referred to in our notices of One of the most beautiful scenes of nathe geography of North and South Car-ture can be viewed from this rock. In olina. Beyond the Hudson the same a straight line on the left, the river purprimitive range extends eastward, and sues its downward course to the city. spreads over the New England states, The water foams and frets over the |