Evolutionary Algorithms for Solving Multi-Objective Problems

Portada
Springer Science & Business Media, 2002 - 576 páginas
The solving of multi-objective problems (MOPs) has been a continuing effort by humans in many diverse areas, including computer science, engineering, economics, finance, industry, physics, chemistry, and ecology, among others. Many powerful and deterministic and stochastic techniques for solving these large dimensional optimization problems have risen out of operations research, decision science, engineering, computer science and other related disciplines. The explosion in computing power continues to arouse extraordinary interest in stochastic search algorithms that require high computational speed and very large memories. A generic stochastic approach is that of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Such algorithms have been demonstrated to be very powerful and generally applicable for solving different single objective problems. Their fundamental algorithmic structures can also be applied to solving many multi-objective problems. In this book, the various features of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) are presented in an innovative and unique fashion, with detailed customized forms suggested for a variety of applications. Also, extensive MOEA discussion questions and possible research directions are presented at the end of each chapter. For additional information and supplementary teaching materials, please visit the authors' website at http://www.cs.cinvestav.mx/~EVOCINV/bookinfo.html.
 

Contenido

BASIC CONCEPTS
1
2 Definitions
3
22 The Multiobjective Optimization Problem
4
223 Commensurable vs NonCommensurable
5
225 General MOP
6
226 Types of MOPs
7
227 Ideal Vector
9
2210 Pareto Optimally
10
27 Transport Engineering
244
28 Aeronautical Engineering
247
3 Scientific Applications
253
31 Geography
254
32 Chemlstry
255
33 Physics
256
34 Medicine
257
35 Ecology
259

2211 Pareto Dominance and Pareto Optimal Set
11
2213 Weak and Strong Nondominance
14
2214 KuhnTucker Conditions
15
3 An Example
16
4 General Optimization Algorithm Overview
17
5 EA Basics
21
6 Origins of Multiobjective Optimization
26
61 Mathematical Foundations
28
62 Early Applications
29
71 A priori Preference Articulation
30
712 Goal Programming
32
713 GoalAttainment Method
34
714 Lexicographic Method
36
715 MinMax Optimization
37
716 Multiattribute Utility Theory
38
717 Surrogate Worth TradeOff
40
718 ELECTRE
41
719 PROMETHEE
43
72 A Posteriori Preference Articulation
45
73 Progressive Preference Articulation
46
732 STEP Method
47
733 Sequential Multiobjective Problem Solving Method
48
8 Using Evolutionary Algorithms
50
81 Pareto Notation
52
82 MOEA Classification
53
9 Summary
54
10 Discussion Questions
55
EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM MOP APPROACHES
59
2 MOEA Research Quantitative Analysis
60
22 A priori Techniques
62
221 Lexicographic Ordering
63
223 Linear Aggregating Functions
64
224 Criticism of Linear Aggregating Functions
65
226 Criticism of Nonlinear Aggregating Functions
66
24 Progressive Techniques
67
252 Independent Sampling Techniques
68
255 Criticism of Criterion Selection Techniques
70
258 Pareto Sampling
71
259 Criticism of Pareto Sampling Techniques
85
2510 Criticism of A posteriori Techniques
87
3 MOEA Research Qualitative Analysis
91
4 ConstraintHandling
93
5 MOEA Overview Discussion
94
6 Summary
95
7 Possible Research Ideas
96
8 Discussion Questions
97
MOEA TEST SUITES
101
2 MOEA Test Function Suite Issues
102
3 MOP Domain Feature Classification
105
31 Unconstrained Numeric MOEA Test Functions
109
32 SideConstrained Numeric MOEA Test Functions
114
33 MOP Test Function Generators
120
331 Numerical ConsiderationsGenerated MOPs
122
332 Two Objective Generated MOPs
124
333 Scalable Generated MOPs
127
34 Combinatorial MOEA Test Functions
130
35 RealWorld MOEA Test Functions
133
4 Summary
139
6 Discussion Questions
140
MOEA TESTING AND ANALYSIS
141
Motivation and Objectives
142
3 Experimental Methodology
143
311 MOEA Test Algorithms
145
32 Key Algorithmic Parameters
150
4 MOEA Statistical Testing Approaches
154
41 MOEA Experimental Metrics
155
42 Statistical Testing Techniques
162
43 Methods for Presentation of MOEA Results
164
52 SideConstrained Numerical Test Functions
167
53 MOEA Performance for 3 Objective Function MOPs
171
54 NPComplete Test Problems
173
55 Application Test Problems
174
6 Summary
176
MOEA THEORY AND ISSUES
179
2 ParetoRelated Theoretical Contributions
180
211 Pareto Optimal Set Minimal Cardinality
181
22 MOEA Convergence
184
3 MOEA Theoretical Issues
190
31 Fitness Functions
191
32 Pareto Ranking
193
33 Pareto Niching and Fitness Sharing
196
34 Mating Restriction
201
35 Solution Stability and Robustness
202
37 MOEA Computational Cost
204
6 Discussion Questions
205
Chapter 6 APPLICATIONS
207
2 Engineering Applications
209
21 Environmental Naval and Hydraulic Engineering
210
22 Electrical and Electronics Engineering
216
23 Telecommunications and Network Optimization
224
24 Robotics and Control Engineering
226
25 Structural and Mechanical Engineering
236
26 Civil and Construction Engineering
243
36 Computer Science and Computer Engineering
260
4 Industrial Applications
267
41 Design and Manufacture
268
42 Scheduling
275
43 Management
281
44 Grouping and Packing
283
5 Miscellaneous Applications
284
51 Finance
285
52 Classification and Prediction
286
6 Future Applications
289
7 Summary
290
9 Discussion Questions
291
MOEA PARALLELIZATION
293
2 Parallel MOEA Philosophy
294
22 Parallel MOEA Objective Function Decomposition
296
23 Parallel MOEA Data Decomposition
297
32 Island Model
299
33 Diffusion Model
300
41 MasterSlave MOEAs
301
42 lsland MOEAs
304
43 Diffusion MOEAs
310
5 Parallel MOEA Analyses and lssues
311
51 Parallel MOEA Quantitative Analysis
312
52 Parallel MOEA Qualitative Analysis
313
6 Parallel MOEA Development Testing
315
61 Specific Developmental lssues
317
7 Summary
318
9 Discussion Questions
319
MULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING
321
2 MultiCriteria Decision Making
322
21 Operational Attitude of the Decision Maker
324
3 Incorporation of Preferences in MOEAs
326
31 Definition of Desired Goals
329
311 Criticism of Definition of Desired Goals
332
321 Criticism of Utility Functions
333
33 Preference Relations
334
331 Criticism of Preference Relations
336
341 Criticism of Outranking
338
351 Criticism of Fuzzy Logic
339
4 Issues Deserving Attention
340
43 Scalability
341
45 Other important issues
343
5 Summary
344
7 Discussion Questions
346
Chapter 9 SPECIAL TOPICS
349
2 Simulated Annealing
350
22 Advantages and Disadvantages of Simulated Annealing
356
3 Tabu Search and Scatter Search
357
31 Basic Concepts
358
32 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tabu Search and Scatter Search
362
4 Ant System
363
42 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Ant System
369
5 Distributed Reinforcement Learning
370
52 Advantages and Disadvantages of Distributed Reinforcement Learning
372
61 Basic Concepts
373
62 Advantages and Disadvantages of Memetic Algorithms
376
72 Cultural Algorithms
378
73 Immune System
380
74 Cooperative Search
383
8 Summary
384
9 Possible Research Ideas
385
10 Discussion Questions
386
Chapter 10 EPILOG
389
MOEA CLASSIFICATION AND TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS 1 Introduction
393
12 Presentation Layout
394
22 Linear Fitness Combination Techniques
396
23 Nonlinear Fitness Combination Techniques
402
232 Target Vector Fitness Combination Techniques
403
233 Minimax Fitness Combination Techniques
405
3 Progressive MOEA Techniques
406
4 A posteriori MOEA Techniques
408
42 Criterion Selection Techniques
410
43 Aggregation Selection Techniques
412
44 Pareto Sampling Techniques
415
441 ParetoBased Selection
416
442 Pareto Rank and NicheBased Selection
423
443 Pareto DemeBased Selection
435
444 Pareto ElitistBased Selection
437
45 Hybrid Selection Techniques
440
5 MOEA Comparisons and Theory
441
52 MOEA Theory and Reviews
450
6 Alternative Multiobjective Techniques
451
MOPs IN THE LITERATURE
455
Ptrue PFtrue FOR SELECTED NUMERIC MOPs
461
Ptrue PFtrue FOR SIDECONSTRAINED MOPs
471
MOEA SOFTWARE AVAILABILITY 1 Introduction
477
MOEARELATED INFORMATION 1 Introduction
481
2 Websites of Interest
482
5 Researchers
483
6 Distribution Lists
486
Index
489
References
515
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