The volume evidences the extreme precision with which the author has sought to deal with his subject and probably contains the most complete exposition which has yet been made in the illuminating field of juridical ethnology. The reader's attention is so skillfully brought to center on customs and institutions that the many other factors present in society as means and devices of social control may be easily forgotten.

McKenzie, F. A. The Unveiled East. Pp. viii, 347. Price, $3.50. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co.

Recent writing on political affairs in the Far East lacks the optimism of the years following Secretary Hay's note of 1901 concerning the open door. The equality of opportunity which it was hoped was to be guaranteed seems to be fast disappearing in fact, though the theory is insisted upon as strenuously as ever. Mr. McKenzie adds another volume to those which see the greatest menace to western commercial interests in the monopolistic attitude of Japan. That the book is altogether unprejudiced cannot be claimed, but there are enough bold statements of fact to make the reader uneasy lest the unpleasant conclusions drawn may be justified.

The acts of the government of the island empire in crushing out the Korean sovereignty and in driving away foreign competition by the subsidy of favored national enterprises are outlined in detail. Chapters are also devoted to the international problems raised by the oriental immigrant in America and Australia, the contest for the commercial control of the Pacific and the "duties" of England and the United States in the Far East.

The last third of the book is given to an analysis of the complicated situation in China. The author sees much to hope for in the movements headed by Yuan Shi Kai and his associates, but the situation is too confused to allow a statement as to whether China's nationality can develop fast enough to save her from international extinction. The attitude of the book is partly one of alarm, partly one of doubt.

Métin, A. Les Traités Ouvriers. Pp. 268. Price, 3.50 fr. Paris: A. Colin, 1908.

Mitchell, W. C.

Gold Prices and Wages under the Greenback Standard. Pp. 625. Price, $5.00. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1908. Morris, H. C. The History of Colonization. Two volumes. Pp. xxiv, 459. Price, $4.00. New York: Macmillan Company, 1908. Reserved for later notice.

Parker, T. V. The Cherokee Indians. Pp. viii, 106. Price, $1.25. New York: The Grafton Press, 1907.

This is a very good, brief, historical account of the Cherokee Indians, especially as concerns their relation to the United States government. The author is critical of the government's attitude toward the Indians, which he says has been one "of treaties violated, of promises broken and of partisan prejudice where there should have been judicial fairness." The government's relations with the Indians, except as individuals, will soon be things of the

past. In view of our contact, however, with other uncivilized peoples, we ought to learn from our failures, to avoid similar mistakes. Such a discussion, therefore, has a value, even if the sentimental wish that things I could have been different is of no avail.

Pierce, F. Federal Usurpation. Pp. xiv, 437. Price, $1.50. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1908.

Rastall, B. McK. The Labor History of the Cripple Creek District. Pp. 166. Price, 50 cents. Madison University of Wisconsin, 1908.

Reed, Milton. The Democratic Ideal. Pp. 48. Price, 75c. Boston: American Unitarian Association, 1907.

This is a little book, written from an ethical point of view, in which no ideal is presented. While the author prints some very just and harsh criticisms on modern economic conditions, he seems not to have a comprehension of the economic laws underlying many modern movements.

Reynolds-Ball, Eustice. The Tourist's India. Pp. 364. Price, $2.00. New York: Brentano's, 1908.

The Tourist's India occupies a mid-way position between that of a guidebook and of a traveler's account of things seen, although, in this case, the author is careful to give due credit to all persons who have furnished him with authentic information not possible to have been gained by himself. It is a well-systematized tour, and throws light on many different aspects of life in the principal cities. The arrangement in chapters devoted to particular towns is one to be commended for ready reference, and will be of great help to a prospective tourist. Two or three chapters conduct one of the less frequented portions of the empire and off the beaten track. Practical suggestions as to clothing, outfit and manner of travel are appended, and a bibliography gives choice of many volumes for consultation. The book is brought up to date, with its references to the recent journey of the Prince of Wales through the empire, and is furnished with a good map and many excellent illustrations.

Robinson, J. H. and Beard, C. A. The Development of Modern Europe. Two volumes. Pp. xviii, 810. Price, $3.10. Boston: Ginn & Co., 1908. Reserved for later notice.

Schaffner, Margaret A. The Labor Contract from Individual to Collective Bargaining. Pp. 182. Price, 50 cents. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1907.

Schuchart, Th. Die Entwickelung der Deutschen Zucherindustrie. Pp. 270. Price, 5m. Leipzig: Werner Klinkhardt, 1908.

A 270-page study describing the development and present situation of the German sugar industry. It covers the whole field, including the labor situation and a 56-page chapter on the agricultural aspects of beet culture. Shillington, V. M. and Chapman, A. B. W. The Commercial Relations of England and Portugal. Pp. xxxii, 344. Price, $2.00. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1908.

Socialism, the Case Against. Pp. 537. Price, $1.50. New York: Macmillan Company, 1908.

Thompson, S. Cost, Capitalization and Estimated Value of American Rail

ways. Third edition. Pp. 177. Chicago: Railway News Bureau, 1908. Van Dyne, Frederick. A Treatise on the Law of Naturalization. Pp. 527. Price, $5.25. Rochester, N. Y.: Lawyer's Coöperative Co., 1907. Until the passage of the act of June 29, 1906, no change had been made in our naturalization laws for almost a century. Statutes framed for a population of four million, and for a country anxious to welcome immigration from every quarter still regulated our method of naturalization. This law effected a revolution in our legislation on the subject. Taken in connection with the later law of March 2, 1907, on citizenship and expatriation, it gives us at last a system of legislation adequate to our needs.

Mr. Van Dyne in this excellent volume brings together all the laws still in force dealing with the acquisition of citizenship by foreigners. The historical development of our present regulations is traced, as are also the judicial decisions and the opinions and rulings of the executive and international claims commissions.

The book will be found to be of great value to those having jurisdiction in naturalization proceedings, to lawyers who desire to advise clients who are seeking naturalization or to establish rights of citizenship and, in general, to every student and citizen who has an interest in solving those problems arising from the assimilation by the nation of the hundreds of thousands of aliens coming to our shores every year. An appendix of one hundred pages gives the text of the naturalization laws, naturalization treaties, recent executive orders on the subject and a list of the naturalization courts.

Van Vorst, Mrs. John. The Cry of the Children. Pp. xxiii, 246. Price, $1.25. New York: Moffat, Yard & Co., 1908.

"When our people know that more than a million American children are dying of overwork or being forever stunted and dwarfed in body, mind and soul; when they know that we are pouring into the body of our citizenship two hundred and fifty thousand degenerates (at the very lowest estimate) every year who have clouded minds and a burning hatred of the society that has wronged them, and that they have ballots in their hands; when the nation learns of these things and many more just as bad, we may hope for an end of this national disgrace."

This quotation from Senator Beveridge's perfervid introduction gives a good idea of the tone of Mrs. Van Vorst's book, which is made up chiefly of conversations with children, descriptions of home and working conditions and a good many sentimental asides on the natural ability of the mill hands of Alabama and Georgia. There are also some pages on Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts.

It is probably still useful to stir up the people against child-labor by sending shivers down their backs, but on the whole, has not the time come for more sober argument and discussion of the means of doing away with

the abuse? Certainly it would be hard to justify the statement that economists declare that we should be willing to have a generation of boys and girls "sacrificed, crippled, deteriorated, starved slowly to death, in order that the cotton-mill industry in a single state shall prosper." Nothing is gained by over-statement and hysterics. Mrs. Van Vorst would do better to confine herself strictly to describing what she saw, for her strong point is not in drawing inferences. Nevertheless, the vividness of her book will doubtless rouse many other people, as it aroused the Indiana Senator, to realize some of the worst iniquities of child-labor.

Viallate, Achille. L'Industrie Americaine. Pp. 492. Price, 10 fr. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1908.

In this five hundred page work we have another number in the library of contemporary history, edited by Félix Alcan. It is another evidence of the great interest manifested in Europe in the extraordinary industrial developments now going on in America.

The attempt is made to cover a wide field, as shown by the scope of the contents. Part I shows our industrial development from 1789 to the present day. Part II on industrial organization also covers a wide scope, covering matters of legislation, the relation of the stockholder to the management, in our trusts, our railways and our finances. Part III, under the title of industrial expansion, is a discussion of our present foreign trade, and of our prospective foreign trade in its competition with that of foreign nations. It is much to be regretted, and in this day scarcely believable that such a work should be so crippled as to be entirely devoid, not only of an alphabetical index, but even of a table of contents.

Wayland, J. W. The Political Opinions of Thomas Jefferson. Pp. 98. Price, $1.25. Washington: The Neale Publishing Company, 1908.

Dr. Wayland's essay turns out to be a presentation of political opinions about Jefferson, as well as of those which can be ascribed to him. Even those writings quoted do not fail to include contradictions in thought, due perhaps to the fact that "Jefferson was not only a political scientist, he was also a practical statesman.”

The opinions quoted are at times, too, selected rather than interpretive. Mr. Jefferson is pictured as an expansionist, but nothing is said of his earlier doubts of its constitutionality. The author thinks that possibly "he would have favored the acquisition of the nearer South American States." It is hard to reconcile such a belief with Jefferson's ideas as to the size of our navy and with his declaration in 1809 that if Cuba were acquired we should "immediately erect a column on the southernmost limit of Cuba and inscribe on it a ne plus ultra as to us in that direction."

de P. Webb, M. India and the Empire. Pp. xvi, 193. Price, $1.20. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1908.

Reserved for later notice.

Webb, Sidney and Beatrice.

English Local Government. Two volumes.

Pp. viii, 858. Price, $7.00. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1908. Reserved for later notice.

Wilson, W.

Constitutional Government in the United States. Pp. 236. Price, $1.50. New York: Columbia University Press, 1908. Reserved for later notice.

Wood, H. A. W.
Sons, 1908.

Money Hunger. Pp. 144. New York: G. P. Putnam's

After pointing out that at present there is no established basis for business ethics, and that the home, the church, the schools and the newspapers fail to supply any standard, the author devotes three chapters to a discussion of the responsibility of the press for present conditions of commercial immorality. He holds that these conditions are due largely to the failure of the press to measure up to its opportunities. The book is a protest against the abuses of competitive business, and, while it lacks the periods of Ruskin and the thunderings of Carlyle, it is nevertheless well done. The remedy advanced by the author for the conditions is an increased personal honesty, but he proposes no scheme for securing this honesty. The viewpoint of the book is distinctly ethical, set off by touches of innocent ignorance concerning the operation of economic forces.

Dunning, W. A.

REVIEWS.

Reconstruction-Political and Economic, 1865-1877. Pp. 378. Price, $2.00. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1907.

This volume was written as part of the American Nation Series, published under the editorial direction of Albert Bushnell Hart, of Harvard University. In his work entitled "Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction," Dr. Dunning gave to students of American history a new outlook upon a period of our national development which has been so generally neglected, but which is fraught with lessons of the deepest import.

In the present work on the political and economic aspects of reconstruction, Dr. Dunning has more than fulfilled the promise of his earlier work. It is, in many respects, the best piece of historical writing that we have had during the last decade. His analysis of the economic, social and political conditions prevailing during the period between 1865 and 1877 gives to the reader a clear picture of the extraordinary situation that confronted the country. Although we are but a quarter of a century removed from the reconstruction era, it seems very much further from us, both in thought and feeling, than the earlier decades of the nineteenth century. The author has interpreted the spirit of this epoch far more successfully than any other historian who has heretofore attempted the task.

In his treatment of the subject the author has adhered steadfastly to the basic facts and the most important tendencies. In this respect he has shown great self-control, inasmuch as most writers on this period give more attention to the formation and methods of the Ku-Klux Clan, and the other devices resorted to for the purpose of intimidating the negro than to the really fundamental social and political problems.