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which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability, from the indirect and direct action of the external conditions of life, and from use and disuse; a Ratio of Increase so high as to lead to a Struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of Character and the Extinction of less-improved forms. Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.

INDEX

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Animals, extinct, of Australia, 304.
Anomma, 216.

Antarctic islands, ancient flora of,
359.

Antirrhinum, 146.

Ants attending aphides, 189.

slave-making instinct, 196.
neuter, structure of, 212.
Aphides, attended by ants, 189.
Aphis, development of, 397.
Apteryx, 164.
Arab horses, 33.
Aralo-Caspian Sea, 304.
Archiac, M. de, on the succession
of species, 291.
Artichoke, Jerusalem, 129.
Ascension, plants of, 350.
Asclepias, pollen of, 174.
Asparagus, 823.
Aspicarpa, 376.
Asses, striped, 147.
Ateuchus, 123.

Audubon on habits of frigate-bird,
166.

190.

on variation in birds'-nests,

on heron eating seeds, 848.
Australia, animals of, 105.
dogs of, 193.

extinct animals of, 304.
European plants in, 331.
Azara on flies destroying cattle, 67.
Azores, flora of, 326.

Babington, Mr., on British plants,

45.

Balancement of growth, 183.
Bamboo with hooks, 177.
Barberry, flowers of, 89.
Barrande, M., on Silurian colonisa.
281.

Barrande, M., on the succession | Bosquet, M., on fossil Chthamalus,

of species, 291.

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Bear catching water-insects, 165.
Bee, sting of, 182.

queen, killing rivals, 182.
Bees fertilising flowers, 68.

hive, not sucking the red
clover, 86.

hive, cell-making instinct,
201.

humble, cells of, 202.
parasitic, 196.
Beetles, wingless, in Madeira, 123.
with deficient tarsi, 122.
Bentham, Mr., on British plants,
45.

on classification, 377.
Berkeley, Mr., on seeds in salt-
water, 322.
Bermuda, birds of, 851.
Birds acquiring fear, 190.

327.

annually cross the Atlantic,

colour of, on continents, 120.
footsteps and remains of, in
secondary rocks, 272.

fossil, in caves of Brazil, 304.
of Madeira, Bermuda, and
Galapagos, 351.

song of males, 81.
transporting

waders, 847.

seeds, 824.

wingless, 122, 163.

with traces of embryonic

teeth, 405.
Bizcacha, 314.

affinities of, 386.
Bladder for swimming in fish, 171.
Blindness of cave animals, 124.
Blyth, Mr., on distinctness of
Indian cattle, 17.

on striped Hemionus, 148
on crossed geese, 227.
Boar, shoulder-pad of, 80.
Borrow, Mr., on the Spanish
pointer, 32.

Bory St. Vincent on Batrachians,

253.

273.

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Cabbage, varieties of, crossed, 90.
Calceolaria, 226.

Canary-birds, sterility of hybrids,
226.

Cape de Verde Islands, 358.
Cape of Good Hope, plants of, 100,
336.

Carrier-pigeons killed by hawks,
825.

Cassini on flowers of composita,
131.

Catasetum, 382.

Cats, with blue eyes, deaf, 11.
variation in habits of, 82.
curling tail when going to
spring, 181.

Cattle destroying fir-trees, 66.
destroyed by flies in La Plata,

67.

breeds of, locally extinct, 100.
fertility of Indian and Euro-
pean breeds, 228.

Cave, inhabitants of, blind, 124.
Centres of creation, 316.
Cephalopodæ, development of, 397.
Cervulus, 227.

Cetacea, teeth and hair, 131.
Ceylon, plants of, 336.
Chalk formation, 289.
Characters, divergence of, 101.
sexual, variable, 152.
adaptive or analogical, 884.
Charlock, 70.

Checks to increase, 62.
mutual, 67.
Chickens, instinctive tameness of,

194.

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Ctenomys, blind, 124.
Cuckoo, instinct of, 195.
Currants, grafts of, 235.
Currents of sea, rate of, 323.
Cuvier on conditions of existence,
185.

on fossil monkeys, 272.
Fred., on instinct, 187.

Dana, Prof., on blind cave-animals,
126.

on relations of crustaceans of
Japan, 834.

on crustaceans of New Zea-
land, 337.

De Candolle on struggle for exist-
ence, 58.

on umbelliferæ, 132.

on general affinities, 387.
Alph., on low plants, widely
dispersed, 865.

-on widely ranging plants
being variable, 49.

on naturalisation, 104.
on winged seeds, 133.
on Alpine species sud-
denly becoming rare, 157.

on distribution of plants
with large seeds, 324.

on vegetation of Aus-

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on insular plants, 349.
Degradation of coast-rocks, 253.
Denudation, rate of, 256.
of oldest rocks, 276.
Development of ancient forms, 301.
Devonian system, 299.
Dianthus, fertility of crosses, 230.
Dirt on feet of birds, 326.
Dispersal, means of, 320.

- during glacial periods, 328.
Distribution, geographical, 305.
means of, 320.

Disuse, effects of, under nature,
122.

Divergence of character, 101.
Division, physiological, of labour,
105.

Dogs, hairless, with imperfect
teeth, 11.

descended from several wild
stocks, 17.

domestic instincts of, 192.

inherited civilisation of, 193

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