tufts on back. About the middle of July the caterpillars spin thin, whitish cocoons upon the bark, and a fortnight later come forth as moths. These lay eggs for a second brood, which complete their transformations before winter sets in. The male moth differs

greatly from the female moth, the former being winged (e), while the latter is wingless (a). The female crawls upon the top of the cocoon (a) as soon as she emerges from the pupa state, where, after mating, she deposits her eggs in a single mass and dies.

Remedies-Spray trees as soon as caterpillars are noticed, with arsenate of lead or some other arsenical poison. Pick off egg cases in winter.

The work of few insects is more universally known. than that of the FALL WEB-WORM. Late in summer and early in autumn the conspicuous, unsightly webs of this pest may be seen in nearly every orchard and hedgerow over a large portion of the United States. The adult is a pretty, white moth (c), which deposits eggs on the leaves of various trees early in summer.

These soon hatch into young caterpillars that begin at once to spin a protective web. They feed upon the parenchyma of the foliage, leaving the network of veins, and grow quite rapidly, enlarging the web as they develop. The full-grown larvae are a little more than an inch long, with the body densely clothed with yellowish hairs. They now leave their nests and descend to the ground, where they spin slight silken cocoons within which they change to pupae.

Remedies-It is an easy matter to cut the webs off and burn or crush the larvae. The pests may also

be destroyed by spraying with an arsenical poison when the larvae are young.

During recent years the IMPORTED ELM LeafBEETLE has been exceedingly destructive in many cities of the eastern states, to that most beautiful of shadetrees, the elm. The eggs (a) are laid on the under side of the leaf in two or three rows. In about a week the larvae hatch and begin eating the leaves, causing them to look as if riddled with fine shot. They become fully grown (g) in two or three weeks, when they descend to the ground, and change to pupae (j). Ten days later the perfect beetles (c, natural size; k, magnified) come forth and eat the leaves, although the damage done by the insect in this state is less than that done by larvae. There are three or four broods each season, and the beetles pass the winter in hollow trees and under old leaves.

Remedies-Spray with arsenate of lead when the eggs are being laid, in order to kill the larvae before they have done any damage. The addition of a little flour to the poison mixture seems to render it more effective. To reach the tops of high trees a pump of considerable power is required. In July destroy the larvae as they come to the ground to pupate.

An excellent discussion of shade-tree insects and methods of controlling them by Dr L. O. Howard may be found in the yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture for 1895.

THE ROSE

INSECT ENEMIES OF THE FOLIAGE

The ROSE SLUG is the young or larva of a fourwinged saw-fly. It eats the pulp of the leaves, giving the foliage a scorched appearance. The eggs are laid singly in the skin of the leaf, and the larvae hatch in about a fortnight. They become full-grown in three

a

Rose Leaf-hopper

a, adult; b, pupa; magnified

weeks; they have a small, round, yellowish head, and a green body, which is soft and nearly transparent. Leaving the bushes they burrow into the soil an inch or two and make oval cocoons of silk mixed with particles of earth. They remain in these until the following season, when they emerge as flies.

Remedies-Spray with arsenate of lead or

hellebore.