VOL. II. Part IV. MUTUAL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILI- CHAPTER XVIII. GENERAL PRINCIPLES WITh regard to THE MUTUAL DUTIES OF STATES IN THEIR INTErcourse. § 128. General Principles of International Intercourse. Pages. The Interdependence of States. ...... CHAPTER XIX. RIGHT OF LEGATION, NEGOTIATION AND TREATY. § 129. Right of Presentation and Legation. Right of Embassy of Dependent States. Right of Embassy of Insurgents or Rebels. The Right of sending an Ambassador involves that of receiving one. Questions with regard to the obligation of sending and receiving an Ambassador. Ambassadresses. Reasons for refusing particular individuals as Ambassadors. § 130. Right of Negotiation and Treaty. Different names given to International Contracts. Treaty or Convention. Sponsion....... § 131. Conventions for the Suspension of Hostilities (Armistices). ...... §132. Ratification of Treaty, 3-9 10-18 18-20 ....... 21-22 22-24 § 133. Interpretation of Treaties and Conventions. Interpretation of Conflicting Agreements. Rules of Vattel. Rules of Mr. Hall...... 24-34 § 134. Durability of the Obligatory Force of Treaties for Pages. which no time of expiration has been stipulated. Opinion of Sir Robert Phillimore. The Treaty of Paris of 1856. The Clayton-Bulwer Treaty. ....... § 135. Circumstances under which the Obligatory Force of a Treaty ceases. ....... able. § 136. Circumstances under which a Treaty becomes void 34-46 47-49 49-51 § 137. The Durability of International Treaties depends upon the International Spirit of Law. Moral Causes of the Imperfect Observance of Treaties. Characteristics of International Treaties and International Customs compared. Material Causes of the Imperfect Observance of Treaties..... 52-63 § 138. Effect of War upon Treaties and Conventions. Opinions of Mr. Hall. ....... ......... 63-70 § 139. Treaties of Guarantee. nion of Mr. Hall. Halleck's Opinion. Opi 71-75 CHAPTER XX. TREATIES AFFECTING INTERNATIONAL LAW. § 140. History of International Treaties. Some of the most important treaties which affected International Law, beginning with the Treaty of Westphalia. CHAPTER XXI. INTERNATIONAL AGENTS. Public Ministers, their Rights and Duties. § 141. International Status of Public Ministers. 76-89 § 142. Immunities of a Public Minister. Sir Robert Phillimore's Opinion......... ..... 94-96 $143. Right of Exterritoriality. Droit d'Asile. Prof. Lorimer's Opinion. Marriages in Legation Chapels. Halleck's Opinion on the Immunities of a Public Minister. No right of Asylum to refugees in the house of a Public Minister....... 96-104 § 144. Passage through a third State, in Peace and War. Opinion of Sir Robert Phillimore. ment. § 145. The Minister of Foreign Affairs and his Depart § 146. Mutual ranking of International Agents. Nominal ranking of International Agents by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and that of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1818. Sir Robert Phillimore on the ranking of International Agents... 104-105 105-107 107-116 § 147. Letters of Credence. The full Power (Plein Pages. Pouvoir). Audience for the delivery of the Letter of Credence. Rules of Diplomatic Etiquette. Ending of the Mission. Recall or death of the Diplomatic Agent. Sir Robert Phillimore's Statement, CHAPTER XXII. CONSULAR OFFICERS. § 148. Origin of the Consular Mission. $149. Consular Officers, their Rights and Duties. Exemptions and Immunities of Consuls regulated on the principle of perfect reciprocity. Statement of Sir Robert Phillimore with regard to the International Status of Consular Officers. Consular Privileges under the Laws of Nations. Ground and extent of the Consular Powers. General Privileges and Rights. Trading Consuls. Consular Power in Countries where they enjoy the right of Exterritoriality......... § 150. Mutual Ranking of Consular Officers. Assimilation with Naval Officers' Rank. ...... 116-122 123-130 130-143 .... 144-148 Judicial Functions. 149-152 § 151. The Consular Functions. Administrative Functions. Magisterial Functions. Rules for the Consular Office. $152. 1°. The Exequatur. 2°. Condition on which it is permitted to exhibit the National Arms. 3°. Relations with Local Authorities. 4°. Appointment of Vice-Consuls and Consular Agents. 5°. General Attributes attached to the Consular Mission. 6°. Consular Reports and Communications. Express Communications. 7°. The Consular Seal. National Arms and Ensign. Consular Memoranda. Consular Archives. 8°. The Annual Trade-report. 9°. Non-periodical Communications. 10°. Shipping Statistics. Annual List of National Subjects. 11°. Mutual Observance of Treaties. 12°. Duties of the Consul towards the Subjects or Citizens of his Country. 13°. Commercial Affairs. Most favoured Nation Clause. 14°. Information as to Lighthouses, Buoys, Shoals, etc. 15°. Ascertaining of Nationality before giving protection. Register of Nationality. 16°. Consular Attributes with regard to unadministered estates of deceased countrymen. 17°. Duties with regard to the Navy. 18°. Claiming Deserters. 19°. Deposit of Ship's Papers at the Consulate on the arrival of Merchant Vessels. What constitutes an arrival. 20°. Bills of Health. 21°. Declarations before the Consul on arrival. Certifying the Log-book and other Papers. Ship's Report. 22°. The Sea-protest. 23°. Surveying damaged Ships and Cargoes. 24°. Repairs with authorization of the |