Aquinas' Five Arguments in the Summa Theologiae 1a 2, 3

13th century acceptance actus actus purus aliquid Aquinas Aristotelian Aristotle Aristotle's autem believers Cartesian causa characterised Christian religion concept context cosmological argument Creator cultural Davies debate Descartes Deum Deus dicitur discussion enim entity epistemological ergo essentiam existential explained faith fideism finite five arguments Flew Flew's foundation Foundationalism fundamental God's existence Grisez Hence ibid idea infinitum intellectual intelligible interpretation John of Damascus Kenny Kenny's logic matter means not-be one's particular personal presumption philosophical anthropology philosophical proof phrase position possible Posterior Analytics potential potest praeambula predicate presuppositions primary efficient cause procedural presumption proofs of God's proposition prove purely philosophical arguments quae question quia quod rational refer religious Second Argument secundum seems sense sicut Sillem someone ST 1a starting point Summa Theologiae sunt theistic theists theology things Thomas Thomas says universe Wittgenstein word