evidences both of trust and esteem. In 1688 he was sent as agent of the convents of the order in that province to Madrid and Rome; the business of which having been transacted by him, he was appointed by the general to superintend that of all the provinces of the Indias, and in consequence he remained some years at Sevilla. He returned to New Spain, where he died at the capital, while in the exercise of pious and religious duties, in the seventy-fifth year of his age.

Among other works he wrote: Origen de los dos Celebres Santuarios de la Nueva Galicia Obispado de Guadalaxara en la America Septentrional. Noticia Cierta de los milagrosos favores.

Añadida en esta reimpression, Mexico, 1757, 4°, 23, 219 pp., two plates; Menologio de los varones mas señalados en perfeccion religiosa de la Compañia de Jesus de la provincia de Nueva-España, Barcelona, 1661, 4°, and Mexico without date, but about the year 1740, with additions by the Padre Oviedo; Historia de Nuestra Señora de los Remedios, Mexico, 1686, and Sevilla, 1745, 4°; La Estrella del Norte de Mexico, historia de Ntra. Sra. de Guadalupe, Mexico, 1688, and Madrid, 1785, 4°; Vida exemplar, y gloriosa muerte en odio de la Fe del Venerable Padre Luis de Medina, martyrizado en las Islas que llaman de los Ladrones, & Marianas, Sevilla, 1673, 4°; and Historia de la Provincia de la Compañia de Jesus De NveraEspaña, Dividida en ocho Libros. Dedicada á S. Francisco de Borja, Fundador de la Provincia, y tercero General de la Compañia. Dispvesta Por el P. Francisco de Florencia de la misma Compañia, Qualificador de el S. Officio de la Inquisicion, y Prefecto de Estudios Mayores en el Colegio de S. Pedro y S. Pablo de Mexico. Tomo Primero. Con Licencia En Mexico Por Ivan Ioseph Gvillena Carrascoso. Año de M. DC. XCIV., one vol. folio, 17, 204 pp., with additional engraved title-page.

The last book is probably of more value at this time than all the rest he has published together. Copies of it are scarce. It contains an account of the early Jesuit missions along the eastern and southern shores of the United States, written at some length from original authorities, such as the enterprise of Segura and Quirós, with six other friars, massacred by the savages in 1571, at Axacan, in the Chesapeake Bay. The narrative, nevertheless, is everywhere disfigured by tales of miracles and the tedious recital of unimportant occurrences.

ALONSO DE BENAVIDES.

This friar, of the order of Franciscans, addressed a memoir to the King of Spain, in the year 1630, concerning the temporal and spiritual affairs of New Mexico, the character of the country, and the nations inhabiting it:

MEMORIAL

QUE FRAY IVAN

DE SANTANDER DE LA

Orden de San Francisco, Comiffario General de Indias, prefenta a la Mageftad Catolica del Rey don Felipe Quarto

nuestro Señor.

HECHO POR EL PADRE FRAY ALONSO

de Benauides Comiffario del Santo Oficio, y Cuftodio que ha

fido de las Prouincias, y conuerfiones del Nueuo-Mexico.

TRATASE EN EL DE LOS TESOROS ESpirituales, y temporales, que la diuina Magestad ha manifeftado en aquellas conuerfiones, y nueuos defcubrimientos, por medio de los Padres defta ferafica Religion.

CON LICENCIA

En Madrid en la Imprenta Real. Año M. DC. XXX.

This rare pamphlet in 4to consists of fifty-three leaves. The letter e in the word Teoas, occurring twice on page 21, and once on 31, is changed into i with the pen, in the copy belonging to the Biblioteca Nacional of Madrid, and also in one formerly the property of the Colege of the Company of Jesus in Córdova. The following are the titles of the chapters: Naciones que habitan el camino del NuevoMexico. Nacion Mansa del rio del Norte. Principio de la nacion Apache. Provincia, y nacion de los Piros, Senecu, Socorro, Seuilleta. Minas del Socorro. Nacion Teoas. Nacion Queres. Nacion Tompiras. Nacion Tanos. Nacion Peccos. Villa de Santa-Fè. Nacion Teoas. Nacion Hemes. Nacion Picuries. Nacion Taos. Peñol de Acoma. Nacion Çuni. Nacion Moquí. Ritos desta Gentilidad. Quan bien acuden a las cosas de la Christiandad. Lo que deue aquel Reino a V. Magestad. Fertilidad de la tierra. Pescado. Caza. Rigor del Temple. Grandiosa nacion Apache. Principio de la conuersion de los Apaches. Conuersion de los Apaches de Xila, y Geroglifico notable de un Capitan Apache. Conversion de los Apaches de Navajó. Apaches Vaqueros del ganado de Sibola. Conuersion milagrosa de la nacion Xumana. Reino de Quivira y Aixaos. Ocupacion Santa, en que los Religiosos se entretienen. Costa del Sur. Valle de Señora. Agastan. Tihues. Ciudad Peñol maravilloso. an. Cicuyo. Quivira.

Sibola. Tuzay

The introduction and conclusion are written by the Commissary General of the Indias, Fray Juan de Santander, and contain a royal cedula. From them may be gathered, that the attempt to convert the natives of New Mexico commenced more than thirty years before the year 1626, but was unsuccessful for the dozen first years. In about 1621 the religious establishment was raised by the provincial chapter into a custodia, and Benavides was elected custodian of its provinces. An order of the Commissary Santander permitted twenty-six ministers to be taken to those conversions. In 1627, their number having been reduced by death to sixteen friars and three servants, a royal order, which was carried to effect from the province of Santo Evangelio of Mexico, directed that thirty others be added with the requisite assistants.

The first five years of the administration of Benavides were attended with signal successes: over five hundred thousand persons were converted to the Christian faith, of whom over eighty-six thousand received baptism. This important work, which brought a numerous people under the royal authority, the prosperous condition of the country, with the discoveries of mineral wealth, induced the viceroy of Mexico, the Marquis of Cerralvo, to order him to report thereon in person to the king. In consequence

Iaques Amproux, Seigneur de Lome, &c., of whom there is also given a portrait. Subsequently, we learn, there came from the same hand Tableau de l'ile de Tobago, ou de la Nouvelle-Qualchre, l'une des Antilles de l'Amerique. Leyden, 1665, reprinted under the title Relation d'ile, &c., in Paris, and likewise some lesser works.

Although there lived a person of the name of César Rochefort, a native of Belley, born about the beginning of the seventeenth century, a ju

"Such are the inhabitants we have converted and baptized in these parts we call New Mexico, which is from the first town of the province of the Piros, San Antonio Senacu, upward along the Del Norte to that of San Geronimo of Taos, comprising in a district of a hundred leagues the towns situated on one or the other shore, or on branches of that stream seven or eight leagues distance from it, together containing a population of near eighty thousand souls. These people and nations, in the time of their paganism, were divided into two parties-warriors and sorcerers-the former, in opposition to the latter, trying to bring the communities under their control and subjection. The sorcerers persuaded the people to believe, among other things, that they gave the rain and brought the crops to the fields, at which the warriors scoffed; and thence they had continual civil wars, killing each other, and laying waste whole towns, in which the devil, as usual, gathered his harvest. Their religion, although not strictly idolatry, was nearly that; for whenever any thing was to be attempted, as on the occasion of going to war, they made offering of flour and other things to the scalps they had taken from their enemies; or if they went to hunt, they made offering of flour to the heads of deer, hares, conies, and other animals; if to fish, they made offering to the river."

"The town of Sevilleta (it is well that your Majesty should know) was depopulated by wars with other communities, who burned it, and our Spaniards gave it that name. The natives, who wandered about dispersed among some ridges, I brought together and founded the place anew, congregating there also many other people, so that to-day the town is one of the best that your Majesty holds in that country."

This pamphlet exists also in Latin, with the

title

Relatio, quam Philippo IV. per modum memorialis exhibuit; in qua agitur de magnis thesauris spiritualibus et temporalibus Deo adjuvente in Novo Mexico detectis. Salisburgi, 1634, 8vo.

CÉSAR DE ROCHEFORT,

(LOUIS DE POINCY.)

In the year 1658 a history of the Antilles was printed in Holland, with the title Histoire Naturelle et Morale des Iles Antilles de L'Amerique. Enrichie de plusieurs belles figures des Raretez les plus considerables qui y sont d'écrites. Avec vn Vocabulaire Caraibe. A Roterdam. Chez Arnold Leers. M. DC. LVIII. The dedication, signed C. de Rochefort, is addressed to Messire

died in 1690, to whom these works were at one time attributed, he is considered not to be the writer; but that, according to a note, made in a copy of one of the books, by the sarant Abeille, the author is shown to be Louis de Poincy; and the initials of the name, it has been observed, correspond with the capital letters placed at the foot of the dedicatory epistle.

The last edition of the Histoire Naturelle was printed in 1681, and, according to O. Rich, is like the second (1665), which contains nearly eighty pages more than the first, 1658. A third edition was published at Lyon, with a different title: the three others appeared at Rotterdam. In 1666 the work was printed in London, "Englished by J. Davies," as The History of Barbadoes, St. Christopher's, Mevis, St. Vincent's, Antego, Martinico, Monserrat, and the rest of the Caribby Islands, in all XXVIII. It has also appeared in Dutch. The seventh and eighth chapters of the second book form a strange feature in the work. They are a digression from the subject of the islands treated of, and we learn that we are indebted for it to an Englishman, Mr. Brigstock, "one of the most curious and inquisitive persons in the world, and of great and singular accomplishments," just come from America, who is not only acquainted with Florida, but has "attained the perfection of the Floridian and Virginian languages." With the aid of this assumed circumstance, the account has been carefully founded on the best information that could be gathered from books; and to such extent, in knowing what the broadest idea of the country was, at the time, upon which a fiction might be successfully wrought, we may consider it instructive.

Apalachia is described as a country between 33° 25' and 37° of northern latitude, with its metropolis Melilot, at the base of the mountains that on the east form an impassable barrier dividing it from English settlements. From the melting of snow that rests the greater part of the year on the summits, the water descends along the sides of the sacred mountain of Olaimi, forming before the city a noble lake, whence flows out a river, by the Spaniards called Espiritu Santo, which, running southward, falls into the Bay of Tocobaga (Tampa), while another from the same source connects with the river May (St. John's) to find its way into the Atlantic Ocean. The vale is unsurpassed, for beauty, breadth, and fertility. The birds and flowers vie in their coloring. Priests worship in caves, or, singing hymns in temples, cast perfume from their altars, in adoration, to the sun. The inhabitants in ages gone by had sent out colonies into Mexico, and also peopled with Caribs the islands in the tropical seas. There could have

been no broader suggestion for the tale of the Valley of Rasselas.

The fiction, perhaps seldom critically examined, strange to say, has come down as pretty good history, in some particulars, quite to the close of the second century from the time it was published. To judge from what others have written, it appears to have assisted Dumont; and a geographer of no mean reputation has laid out localities on a map corresponding to its statements. The influence of these fabrications is by no means light, even at present. Probably owing to the information afforded by the courteous Englishman, some persons tell us now that the Chatas came from New Spain to the east of the Mississippi at the time of the invasion of that country by Cortes; and others, that the Indians found in Florida were Caribs ascending from the southern continent; since a better knowledge of the history of the natives has removed every probability of migrations thence westwardly or southwardly.

The Relaçam of the Fidalgo of Elvas has contributed the names of territories to the enterprising historian, the map of Le Moyne has supplied the geography, Laudonier some facts, and a picture in De Bry the descriptive appearance of the king and his train. The work is somewhat deficient in one particular to engage the taste of the present day, having neither an arte nor a vocabulary, for which it must be seen that Mr. Brigstock was at fault, being for that both qualified and competent. Some names, however, of no traceable origin, are unfortunate in containing letters and syllables, which, on a comparison with the words in a fragment of the Apalache lately come to light, are shown not to exist in the language. These are no fewer than d, j guttural, r, x, tl, th and e (á) Spanish. The author has no thought of there being more than one tongue, existing in dialects; so that he has freely taken names all the way down to the Atlantic and Gulf coasts quite to the capes of Florida, from most of the different nations inhabiting the country, Chalaki, Chata, Timuqua, Apalache, and Calosa, probably as he found them in books and convenient on maps. He loses the requisite temperature in supplying products in American latitudes; and at the same time unsuitably unites in one region the growing of the apple with the orange, and wheat with the citron, though he observes that this grain when planted has produced no inore than stalk. His sacred bird, "tonatzuli," is the confounding two of the feathered tribe in one, uniting the song and size of the mocking-bird with the plumage of the manytinted mariposa.

It is conclusive to add, that at the time of printing this history, in 1658, the country inhabited by the Apalaches, lying east and west between the Ausila and Apalachicola Rivers, not exceeding, perhaps, sixty miles square, was in the hands of the missionaries and under the military control of Spain; that in the same year the inhabitants, complaining of their lot, both as Christian and loyal men, for having to perform compulsory labor on the fort at St. Augustine, sought the interposition of their religious teachers for relief.

The plausible manner and grave attention to

little facts, without anywhere straining to surprise or exaggerate, has given the whole digression the appearance of simple truth. The style wins upon the confidence as much as does that of De Foe.

"The Carribians were originary inhabitants of the Septentrional part of America, of that country which is now called Florida. They came to inhabit the Islands after they had departed from amidst the Apalachites, among whom they lived a long time; and they left there some of their people, who to this day go under the name of Carribians. But their first origine is from the Cofachites, who only changed their denomination, and were called Carribians in the country of the Apalachites, as we shall see anon."

"These Apalachites make it their boast, that they had propagated certain colonies a great way into Mexico; and they show to this day a great road by land, by which they affirm that their forces marched into those parts. The inhabitants of the country, upon their arrival, gave them the name of Tlatuici, which signifies mountaineers or highlanders, for they were more hardy and more generous than they. They planted themselves in a quarter like that from which they came, situate at the foot of the mountains, in a fertile soil, where they built a city, as near as they could like that which they had left behind them, whereof they are possessed to this day. They are so united there by intermarriages and other bonds of peace, that they make up but one people with them; nor, indeed, could they well be discerned one from the other, if they had not retained several words of their originary language, which is the only observable difference between them."

"Their language is very smooth, and very plentiful in comparisons. That spoken by the captains, and all persons of quality, is more elegant and fuller of flourishes than that of the common sort of people. Their expressions are very precise, and their periods short enough. While they are yet children they learn several songs, made by the Jouas in honor and commendation of the sun. They are also acquainted with several other pieces of poetry, wherein they have comprehended the most memorable exploits of their kings, out of a design to perpetuate the memory thereof among them, and the more easy transmit it to their posterity."

FRANCISCO DE AYETA.

This friar, of the order of Saint Francis, is the author of several works. According to Pinelo, he was a writer of much energy of pen, and little respectful of bishops. He wrote Apologia del Orden de S. Francisco en la America, says Beristain, printed in 1690, without name of place or date. The title of a book by him, perhaps the same work, is given by Pinelo, Verdad Vindicada; a supposed copy of the utmost rarity, now present, bears the superscription on the cover, La Verdad Defendida. These different titles may alone have led to the conclusion, probably erroneous, that there are as many different books. Barcia (Ensayo Cro.), who calls the work of which he speaks Respuesta to the Memorial en Derecho of Juan Ferro Machado, says

CARLOS DE SIGÜENZA Y Góngora. The reputation that has come to us of this

La Verdad Defendida is a folio volume in parchment cover, of two hundred and twentyseven folios, without title-page, place of publication, or date, and is a response to the Memorial of Machado, presbyter, native and resident of Havana, Visitor-General of Florida, by Father friar Francisco de Ayeta, Custodian of the Province of Santo Evangelio, and ProcuradorGeneral of all the Provinces of the Indias. It is preceded by a synopsis of nineteen pages, relative to the official papers and proceedings on the misconduct of the Franciscan mission in Florida, as charged by the Governor and Captain-General, Don Juan Marquez Cabrera, in a letter of December, 1680, to the King, and on the recommendation contained in a letter of August, 1655, addressed by the Governor, Don Diego Rebolledo, advising that the religious establishment there be changed into an Abadia, because of its distance from Cuba, of which bishopric it formed a part; and this synopsis is followed by a Discurso of twenty-six pages, by Machado, respecting all the matter contained in the foregoing, made after his official visita to Florida, and is probably the work styled Memorial en Derecho.

It appears that a newly-appointed bishop of Cuba had arrived at that island from Spain, with instructions to look into the condition of affairs in Florida; but finding himself sick, and that other duties nearer to his cathedral church required his attention, he delegated that authority, with the royal instructions, to Ferro Machado, appointing him Visitador and VicarGeneral of Florida in January, 1688, he being a civilian, a man of prudence, and of wealth, a native of the island, of noble connections, and zealous in the interest of religion and the king. The provinces of Florida, the principal of which were Apalache, Guale, Timuqua, San Antonio, Mayaca, Apalachicoli, Caueta, Casita, and Movila, had not been visited by a bishop for a period of ninety years; and the task was now performed gratuitously, the vicar bearing every expense, and even dividing the few emoluments he received on the way among the poor of the country.

The response of Ayeta lets us very little into the actual state of affairs at that time in Florida. He does not disprove or deny the allegation that the Franciscans inflicted chastisement on every grade of society among the natives, and employed them upon the grounds about the convents and in other labor without recompense, contrary to the laws; but he charges the Visitador with being desirous of having the appointment to the Abadia he recommends, and that the Governor, Marquez Cabrera, in preferring charges against the mission, sought to be avenged for the discountenance the members had shown him for his excesses. Machado's authority was disputed by the Franciscans because he was not of their order; and, as he says nothing of what he saw, it is to be presumed that he was not permitted to make examination either of the spiritual or temporal affairs of the natives, or of the state of the mission.

varied learning, and accomplishment. His many works, all of them small, are known now rather by their titles than their text. Many of them perhaps were never published; copies of others that exist are extremely scarce, and some are no longer to be found. Among contemporary writers he has the fame of a poet, philosopher, mathematician, historian, antiquary, and critic. A native of Mexico, in the year 1660 he received the cassock there of a Jesuit priest in the fifteenth year of his age; in 1770 he closed his career at the same city, where magnificent funeral ceremonies were accorded to his remains by the members of his order. For his mathematical proficiency he was invited to Paris by Louis XIV., an honor he modestly declined, satisfied with the dignity of professorship in the University of his country, and the title of CosmógrajoRegio conferred on him by Don Carlos II. An ardent student of the language and antiquities of Mexico, by industry he brought together many maps and memorials of her past history, increased in amount by the bequest made to him by Ixtlilxochitl. These, which he left at the time of his death to the Colego Máximo de San Pedro y San Pablo, were in twenty-eight volumes, of which only eight remained in 1760, and these, after the expulsion of the Jesuits, altogether disappeared.

In the year 1693, Sigüenza was taken by the Viceroy Galvez from the stations he filled of chaplain and of almoner to the archbishop, to accompany a party that was about to explore the northern shore of the Gulf of Mexico. He wrote an account of this expedition under the Admiral Andres del Pez, printed in folio, pp. 32, of which an interesting epitome is preserved in the Ensayo cronológico para la Historia de la Florida, by Cárdenas (Barcia), who gives the title of it: Descripcion de la Baia de Santa Maria de Galve, (antes Pançacola) de la Movila, y Rio de la Paliçada ó Misisipi, en la Costa Septentrional del Seno Mexicano.

Of the works by Sigüenza most likely to interest the American reader are, to judge from their subjects: Historia del imperio de los Chichimecas, Genealogías de los Reyes Megicanos, Anotaciones críticas á las obras de Bernal Diaz del Castillo y Torquemada, Historia de la Provincia de Téjas; but none of these writings appear ever to have been in print. Manifiesto filosofico contra las Cometas, Mexico, 1681, 4°, was drawn out by an anxious state of the public mind respecting the calamitous portent of the comet which appeared in November of the year before. The Manifiesto, nevertheless, found adversaries; two of them, the Father Kino and Dr. Martin de la Torre, he severally answered.

Sigüenza wrote likewise (which was printed, according to Pinelo, about the years 1693-4) an account of the recovery of New Mexico from the memorable revolt of the natives during the administration of Don Antonio Otermin: Mercurio volante con las Noticias de la recuperacion de las Provincias del nuevo Mexico conseguida por D. Diego Vargas Zapata y Luxin Ponce de Leon, Gobernador y Capitan General de aquel

Reyno, escribiola por especial órden del Exmo. Senor Conde de Galve, Virrey Gobernador y Capitan General del Reyno de Nueva España, D. Carlos de Sigüenza y Gongora, Cosmógrafo de S. M. en estos dichos Reynos, Cathedratico Jubiliado de Mathemáticas en la Academia Mexicana. Some extracts translated from a copy in manuscript of this little work may give an idea of the writer's style and the scope of his essay.

"The truly admirable manner, seldom known in history, by which the extensive kingdom of New Mexico was subjected to the gentle yoke of the Gospel, thrown off in years gone by, and the ease with which it was reunited to the royal crown of Castilla, to which it shamelessly refused obedience, at the same time that in its apostasy it denied God, requires for its relation not the ephemeral leaves that are here together, but many sheets of large volume for its perpetual endurance; but the grandeur of the deed, without the heightening of rhetoric, I think will be preserved without these desiderata, while heroic resolutions shall have their due place, of which number the present is one; and the importance of the discourse, more than the words, be they few or many, must ever give it estimation in the public memory."

"With sufficient intercourse to pass life in abundance and comfort, to appearances the Catholic religion well founded, time went on until the Indians, for frivolous reasons, took possession of all their towns, desirous, perhaps, of the idle life led by their Gentile neighbors, and, more certain, because of the innate hatred they bear to Spaniards (I suppose originally only among some few), they began, little and big, with a secrecy hitherto unknown in affairs, to counsel an insurgency. For the long period of fourteen years this discussion lasted, without the Spaniards, or the religious teachers more intimately associated with them, having any knowledge or even a suspicion of their design; and universally agreeing in the execu tion of the treason, and to abandon Christianity for ever, they appointed the 10th day of August of the year 1680 to effect the purpose.

"With the pretext of attending church, as was usual on festive days, at sunrise, the time assigned by common understanding to be the fatal hour, they were found in the convents with their arms, which they discharged in the first fury of their onset. Thence they went to where the Spaniards were to be found, and, in the short period of half an hour, they accomplished the premeditated purpose of many years. The least done was taking the lives of some five hundred persons in that brief time, among whom twenty-one ministers lost theirs by violent ignominies and torture; the most, the profanation of the churches, trampling on the prostrate images, and treating with ridicule the sensible accidents of the eucharist. What more can I add after this abomination? There remains no matter for astonishment that not one stone of the convents and temples remained lying on another; that upon the fowls, sheep, and fruit-trees of Castilla, and even the wheat, they turned their fury in their detestation of the Spanish people."

EARLY FRENCH WRITERS ON AMERICA. JACQUES CARTIER, CHAMPLAIN, AND LESCARBOT.-THE JESUIT AND RECOLLECT MISSIONARIES.-MONASTIC BIOGRAPHY.--LA SALLE AND THE STRANGE ACCOUNTS OF HIS EXPLORATIONS. TRAVELLERS.-THE HISTORIANS.

France, to which we look for all that has in literature the most exquisite perfume of high polish, refined taste, if not chastened beauty, enacted around the English colonies a drama of wonderful interest; she revived before the eyes

of the dull settlers on the Atlantic coast scenes of heroism, devotedness, adventure, magnanimity, skill, and stategy enough to give us a halfdozen epics, and she could not do all this without giving America a place in her literature. Yet we must confess France always rather overlooked her glorious American Empire, and Canada, Louisiana, the Maine woods and their noble tribes, the Ohio and the mighty river that gathers its waters to a stream already swelled by a river mightier than itself, the wide prairie, the roving Indian of the North, the more polished Natchez of the South, the career of the adventurer and of the missionary, creations almost unequalled, evoked little in the literature of the mother country. The themes so favorably furnished by New France were despised: The Jumonville of Thomas stands almost alone, but New France had a literature of its own. Its early explorers were men often of high culture: their writings, ever unstudied, have a charm, and by their number form no inconsiderable portion of the library of early American books. French America opens with Verrazano, but France has never published his voyage, and thus ignores or disowns him. Jacques Cartier, of St. Malo, noble homme, whose first voyage, like Verrazano's, comes to us in an Italian dress, begins the series of French-American writers. The voyage of Columbus was doubtiess talked over by his cradle, and stories told of fishermen who had long before known this New World, about which Spain was so exultant. Postel says that they had caught cod off Newfoundland for sixteen centuries then, but Postel should have been more modest.

Cartier, born at St. Malo, in December, 1494, was first sent to explore the New World in 1534. His first voyage made known Newfoundland, Anticosti, Gaspe, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The next year he entered the river, and, laying up his vessels in the St. Charles, near Quebec, began the first French colony, explored ing, discovered New England, whose green mounthe river to Montreal, and, if seeing is discovertains he beheld from the beautiful summit of the mountain which is, as he well termed it, perfectly royal. His colony had the experience of all European attempts. The episcopal blessing in the cathedral of St. Malo, given to himself and his crew by the bishop, did not ward off the evil. Cartier sought relief from his miseries in an appeal to the Consolatrix Afflictorum, and a pilgrimage vowed to our Lady of Roc Amadour, in his belief, won deliverance. He, however, abandoned the country in 1536, and returning published the narrative of his voyage: Brief Recit et succincte narration de la nauigation faicte ès ysles de Canada, Hochelage et Saguenay et autres, auec particulieres meurs, langage, et ceremonies des habitans d'icelles; fort delectable à veoir. Avec Priuilege. On les uend à Paris au second pillier en la grand salle du Palais, et en la rue neufve Nostre Dame à l'enseigne de l'escu de frâce, par Ponce Roffet dict Faucheur, et Anthoine le Clerc frères. 1545.

This appeared for the first time in Ramusio, but was translated into French and published at Rouen in 1598; a reprint of this has just been issued by Tross, of Paris, and tells us of a French version older than it, recently discovered.