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chievous. Ledalma may see Bely on the night when he visits earth, or attempt to descend by Yamen's throne.

The Sorgon might be conquered by Keradon and Padalon. Yamen calmly awaits him unmoved at his post, and gives him the cup, the consummation of his conquests.

Eenia, after seeking other aid in vain, dares to appeal to Eswara, and complain that there is injustice in the world. Eswara tells him Death alone can aid Laderlad.

Eenia takes Kalyal' to the Sorgon, and shows her all its joys; but she asks to be restored to her father. He knows not where he is, but asks Arounin, the charioteer of the sun. Thus Arounin's answer brings up the lee-way, and the clumsiness of a reverting story is avoided.

Eenia asks Manmadin to wound Kalyal also. The Love God cannot, her heart is full of stronger feelings.

Kalyal is exposed to violation in a temple. Eenia guards her, and kills whoever attempts her. He daily tells her of her father.

Keradon takes Laderlad and leads him through Padalon to see with living eyes his after pain. Sure that Yamen must give the draught, he drags his conquered enemies to the spot of triumph, drinks, and dies. The wrath-eye of Eswara is on him.

When the father and daughter are about to be executed at Naropi's grave, Laderlad despairs, and therefore is abandoned. Kalyal is for piety exempted from the curse. Naropi's spirit, animating his corpse, persecutes Laderlad and his daughter. When alone, she is led into a house where the spectre awaits her, and escaping from his Incubus attempt sinks at the foot of the manchineel tree.

Keradon's curse.-May he be shunned by all his own cast, and be in the same abomination to them that they are to the rest of the world; the sun shine to scorch him; no wind cool him; no water wet his lips. He shall

The reader will observe that in this early MS. the characters are variously spelt. In the poem itself we have Kalyal and Glendoveernot Kalya and Grindouver.-J. W. W.

thirst, and the cool element fly from his touch; he shall hunger, and all earthly food refuse its aid. He shall never sleep, and never die, till the full age of man be accomplished.

When the dead Naropi attempts Kalyal, the eye of Eswara falls upon him and consumes him.

Keradon has obtained that none can destroy him but himself.

After Kalyal has fed her father with the Sorgon fruits, Keradon strikes her with leprosy, that the Grindouver may loath her. Then it is that Eenia flies to the throne of the Destroyer-God.

The Cintra cistern might be well painted. Laderlad lying by the water.

Kalyal is taken to the Sorgon to be recovered.

The giants join Keradon to get the Amor

tam.

The frozen bay by Parassourama's cave of sleep. Thence he may embark for the end of the world, to Yamen.

Thus then the arrangement. Funeral and

curse.

Its gradual effects till Laderlad leaves Kalyal asleep. Her adventure with the dead Naropi. Eenia bears her to the Sorgon. Search of her father. Arounin's account. The meeting. Keradon smites her with leprosy. First he exposes her in the temple. Eenia defends her. His request to Manmadin. Keradon then taints her with the leprosy. He attempts to destroy her. Mariatale saves her. After the disease Eenia goes to Eswara, as he is leading both to Yamen. The giants seize them. Parassourama wakes to their rescue. Their voyage. On the shore Keradon captures them. His triumph in Padalon, and the end.

1. The curse. 2. The manchineel. 3. The Sorgon. 4. The meeting. 5. The prostitution. 6. The leprosy. 7. The appeal to Eswara. 8. Parassourama. 9. The captivity. 10. The catastrophe.

Eenia's appeal to Eswara. An allusion to the fruitless attempt of Brahma and Vichenon to measure the greater god. The Grindouver finds him soon. Allegory, whom

curious presumption cannot discover, afflicted earnestness instantly finds.

The meeting with Bely might be in his ruined city Mavalipuram. Its sea scenery would be impressive.

Kalyal comes to the Lake Asru-tirt'ha, by bathing there she would lose all worldly affections and go to Vishu's paradise; for her father's sake she refuses, and thus is reserved for a higher bliss.

I shall write this romance in rhyme, thus to avoid any sameness of style or syntax or expression with my blank verse poems, and to increase my range and power of language.1

But the chain must be as loose as possible, an unrhymed line may often pass without offending the ear. Like the Emperor of China's lying fiddler, he may be silent in the noise of his companions. A middle rhyme may be used, not merely to its own termination but to that of another verse. The octave line is of more hurrying rapidity than the decimal, and may be varied at pleasure with that of six, and with the fuller close of ten or twelve. In short lines a repetition of rhymes is pleasant; even in long ones, as Warner proves to my ear, and the Spanish

"It is begun in rhymes, as irregular in length, cadence, and disposition as the lines of Thalaba. I write them with equal rapidity, so that on the score of time and trouble that is neither loss nor gain. But it is so abominable a sin against what I know to be right, that my stomach turns at it. It is to the utmost of my power vitiating, or rather continuing the corruption of public taste-it is feeding people on French cookery, which pleases their diseased and pampered palates, when they are not healthy enough to relish the flavour of beef & mutton. My inducements are-to avoid any possible sameness of expression, any mannerism, and to make as huge an innovation in rhymes as Thalaba will do in blank verse. But I am almost induced to translate what already done into the Thalaban metre."-MS. Letter to C. Dan vers, Lisbon, May 6, 1801.

"If, after all, you like better to write in rhyme, what is done may be easily translated. In proof of the practicability, the first seventy pages of Kehama underwent this metamorphosis." MS. Letter to Caroline Bowles, 10th May, 1824.-J. W. W.

ballads, double rhymes the more the better. Anaranya, like Crispin the Conjurer, follows them on the water.

The Wrath Eye is reserved for the catastrophe. As Keradon drinks, it falls upon him, and fills him with fire, red hot.

Eenia will be better winged, like the Glums, than with feathers. His application to Cama must be in the Sorgon.

Living Careatades might support the throne of Yamen.

After Anaranya's body is by Mariatale destroyed, he might still persecute a shadow dark in the evening light; but his eyes were bright, like stars in the haze of mist. The moon was gone; the clouds moved on. Then the shadow he grew light in the darkness of the night, and his eyes like flame were red.2

Indra will not allow Eenia to bring Laderlad to the Sorgon, fearing sooner to exasperate Keradon. But Kalyal builds her father a cane hut, and Eenia daily brings him the fruits of the Sorgon. At last he comes not, and a hurricane tears up the hut.

Kehama orders her to be thrown into the river at once. May not the very curse save her, by enabling Laderlad to get her out of the river? This idea strikes him, and he runs instantly as he is freed.

Derla and Vedilya, wives of Arvelan, burnt; one patiently, and with no love of life, which never had been happiness; the other younger, and with strugglings. They also wander in spirit, being untimely slain; and in the Jaggernat temple save Kalyal from the force of their tyrant, for Arvelan there appears in body.

Kohalma discovers that of Kalyal an immortal babe shall be born; hence he may save her at last, deeming that by him it must be begotten.

Lake of Crocodiles. She is throned on one; before the espousals with the idol, the angelic increase of beauty given by the Sorgon fruits occasion her election.

An hour passes in the Sorgon, but it is

2 As it is so written in the original MS. I have not thought it necessary to divide the lines.-J. W. W.

an hour of the blessed; and Laderlad has had a year's wandering.

Only into Laderlad's hand may the cup of Amreeta be given. Thus hath it been decreed, and that not for himself is he to receive it. A reason for his presence. Laderlad's must pass through the dark portal. Crocodiles are kept in a moat or tank that surrounded a town in the East Indies, as guards. So I heard from a man who had been an officer in that service; and so it was at Goa.-ALBOQ. BARROS.

Laderlad might at last rise in open hostility to Kehama.

Among the ornaments of Major Cartright's magnificent temple is the self moved vessel of the Phœacians. The body of the living bark is like a scollop shell; instead of a helm, it grows into a human head, to see and direct the way.

She is thrown under the wheels of Jagrenat's car to be destroyed; but he who lies next her is Laderlad, and Death knew Kehama's Curse.

Notes for Madoc.1

SILENT, apart from all and musing much. -VIEIRA LUSITANO, canto 8, p. 278.

Bird Omen.-CARLOS MAGNO, p. 23. But not understandable, like the Mexican prodigy.

Priests running into the battle.-Corte Real. Seg. Cerco de Diu. canto 11, p. 143. Canto 18, p. 289.

Sunless world, a phrase correspondent to mine, p. 2.

Endymion de Gombauld.

Early navigator. Capt. James's poem in danger.-2 c. 98.

Death of Coatel.

Water of Jealousy. Tale in Niebuhr. Pierre Faifen, cap. 22, p. 58. John Henderson at Downend.

By referring to the notes on Madoc, the reader will see how small a portion of his great collections Southey was in the habit of using up. See Life and Correspondence, vol. v. 172.J. W. W.

Oronoco Indian's trial.-MARIGNY Revol. vol. 1, p. 52. Also the case of Judkin Fitzgerald, Esq.

Ashes of the kings.-Ibid. p. 99. So the flight from Almanzor.

"L. Martio et Sex. Julio consulibus in agro Mutinensi duo montes inter se concurserunt, crepitu maximo assultantes et recedentes, et inter eos flamma fumoque exeunte. Quo concursu villæ omnes elisa sunt, animalia permultæ quæ intra fuerant, exanimata sunt.”—TEXTOR'S Officina, 210 ff.

"For my harp is made of a good mares skyn, The strynges be of horse heare, it maketh a good dyn."

BORDE'S Introduction to Knowledge, quoted in WALKER's Bards.

"CORTES made the Zempoallans pull downe their idolls, and sepulchres of their Cassikz, which they did reverence as Gods."-Conquest of the Weast Indies.

Apple blossoms in Hoel's poetry-so an Irish sonnet, of which Walker has foolishly given only a rhyme version.

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EZRA, ch. iii. v. 11-13. Recovery of the land from Aztlan.

"E NON nos devemos espantar porque ellos son muchos, ea mas puede un Leon que

"To the temple tasks devote."— Virgini- diez ovejas, e matarien treynta lobes a treyndos, c. 5. st. 34. ta mil corderos."-Speech of FErnan GonÇALEZ. Coronica de Espana, del Rey D. Alonso.

Extinguishing all the fires to relight them from the sacred flame seems to have been an universal superstition. The Druids. The Magi. Custom in Monomotapa.

After Lautaro had cut off Valdivia. "Por el las fiestas fieron alargadas,

exercitando siempre nuevos juegos de saltos, luchas, pruebas nunca usadas, danzas de noche entorno de los fuegos." Araucana, 3.

"Con flautas, cuernos, roncos instrumentos alto estruendo, alaridos desdeñosos, salen los fieros barbaros sangrientos contra los Españoles valerosos."

The Araucan Army.

"Alli las limpias armas relucian

Ibid. 4.

mas que el claro cristal del Sol tocado, cubiertas de altas plumas las celadas, verdes, azules, blancas, encarnadas."

Ibid. 9. "Quando el Sol en el medio cielo estaba no declinando a parte un solo punto, y la aguda chicharra se entonaba

con un desapacible contrapunto."

Ibid. Throwing the lance was one of the Araucan games.-Canto 10.

The Araucan learnt much from the Spaniards.-P. 6, vol. 1.

Horsemen of Lautaro.-P. 228.

BEES seem to have been destroyed by water formerly. Lord Sterline in his Doomsday, Winged alchymists that quintessence the flowers,

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As oft-times drown'd before, now burn'd shall be." Third Houre, st. 40.

"This Poem of Doomes-day,' is written in the octave stanza, and divided into four books, called Hours."-Bib. Angl. Poetic. p. 309. J. W. W.

"Eux doncques navigans la mer de Pont descouvrirent d'assez loing la flote du Soudain Zaire, qui (revestu de sa proye) ne pensoit qu'a entretenir Onolorie, quand ceux qui estoient aux cages et hunes2 pour faire guet, luy vindrent raporter qu'ilz avoient descouvert gens en mer et grosse flote de vaisseaux."—Amadis, 8me. livre, ch. 28.

"OR seen low lying through the haze of morn." This is what sailors call Cape Flyaway.

On the coast of Campeche the priests wore long cotton garments, white, and their hair in great quantities, completely clotted and matted with blood.-Bernal Diaz. 3.

Snake idols at Campeche.-Ibid. 3. 7. At Tenayuca. 125.

Some Indians whom Grijalva saw had shields of tortoise shell, and they shone so in the sun that many of the Spaniards insisted they were of gold. For "all seemed yellow to the jaundiced eye!"-Ibid. 8. Many Indians came on, and each had a white streamer on his lance, which he waved, wherefore we called the place the Rio de Venderas."—Ibid. 8.

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back to Cortes to tell him the walls were of silver.-Ibid. p. 30.

The prisoners designed for sacrifice were fatted in wooden cages.-Ibid. passim.

The Tlascalan embassadors made three reverences, and burnt copal, and touched the ground with their hands, and kissed the earth.-Ibid. p. 52.

Kill all you can, said the Tlascalans to Cortes, the young that they may not bear arms, the old that they may not give counsel.-Ibid. p. 56.

The sprinkled maize-so ashes in Bel and the Dragon.

"Unos como paveses, que son de arte, que los pueden arrollar arriba quando no pelean, porque no les estorve, y al tiempo del pelear quando son menester los dexan caer, è quedan cubiertas sus cuerpos de arriba abaxo."-Ibid. p. 67.

Beasts were kept by the temples, and snakes.

The walls of Mexitlis' temple, and the ground, were black, and flaked with blood, and stenching.-Ibid. p. 71.

Tezcalipoca's eyes of the same substance as their mirrors.-Ibid.

Narvaez thought the number of glowworms were the matches of Cortes' soldiers. -Ibid. p. 99.

They gave command by whistling.-Ibid. pp. 144, 165. "Resuena y retumba la voz por un buen rato."

The first thing an Indian does when wounded with a lance, is to seize it. The orders always were to drive at their heads, and trust to their horses.-Ibid. p. 172.

"THE sky and the sea were in appearance so blended and confounded, that it was only close to the ship that we could distinguish what was really sea."-STAVOrinus.

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ENGLAND should be the scene of an Englishman's poem. No foreign scene can be sufficiently familiar to him. Books and prints may give the outlines, as description will give you the size and colour of a man's eyes and the shape of his nose, but the character that individualizes must be seen to be understood.

Is there an historic point on which to build? Alfred-the thrice murdered Alfred!—a glorious tale, but that is forbidden ground.

Brutus has been knocked on the head by Ogilvie. The name too is unfavourable; such nobler thoughts will cling to it. A decent story might be made by supposing the original race oppressed by Sarmatic invaders-and uniting Bardic wisdom with Trojan arms.

The Roman period, Cassibelan, Bonduca, the war of savages against civilization; such it must be, though you call it the struggle of liberty against oppression.

Arthur-but what is great is fable: he must be elsewhere considered. Egbert-it is a confused action: little means making a great end, -as the little kingdoms made a great one.

From the Norman conquest downwards, but one event occurs whose after effects were equal to its immediate splendour; the Armada defeat, and our escape from the double tyranny it was to have established. Yet we should, like Holland, have defeated the Spaniards, had they even obtained a temporary dominion.

Of Charles I. nothing can be said-because of Charles II.

Robin Hood.

A PASTORAL epic, with rhyme and without rhyme,-long lines and short line, now

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