1704.

account of

3. Ir the following year, 1704, four hundred and a. March 11. fifty French and Indians attacked Deerfield, burned1. Give an the village, killed more than forty of the inhabitants, the attack on and took one hundred and twelve captives, among Deerfield. whom were the minister, Mr. Williams, and his wife; all of whom were immediately ordered to prepare for a 2. What be long march through the snow to Canada. Those came of the who were unable to keep up with the party were slain by the wayside, but most of the survivors were afterwards redeemed, and allowed to return to their homes. A little girl, a daughter of the minister, after a long residence with the Indians, became attached to them, adopted their dress and customs, and afterwards married a Mohawk chief.

prisoners?

8. What roas the general

war,

4. During the remainder of the similar scenes tharacter of were enacted throughout Maine and New Hampshire, hegaron and prowling bands of savages penetrated even to the tiers ? interior settlements of Massachusetts. The frontier

1707.

June.

4. Give an

conquest of

settlers abandoned the cultivation of their fields, and collected in buildings which they fortified; and if a garrison, or a family, ceased its vigilance, it was ever liable to be cut off by an enemy who disappeared the moment a blow was struck. The French often accom panied the savages in their expeditions, and made no effort to restrain their cruelties.

5. In 1707 Massachusetts attempted the reduction of Port Royal; and a fleet conveying one thousand account of soldiers was sent against the place; but the assailants the expedi tion against were twice obliged to raise the siege with considerable Port Royal, and the final loss. Not disheartened by the repulse, Massachusetts Acadia spent two years more in preparation, and ai led by a fleet from England, in 1710 again demanded the surb. Oct. 12 render of Port Royal. The garrison, weak and dispirited, capitulated after a brief resistance; the name of the place was changed to Annapolis, in honor of Queen Anne; and Acadia, or Nova Scotia, was per manently annexed to the British crown.

1710.

, Oct. 19.

1711. d. July 6.

e. Aug. 10.

6. In July of the next year, a large armament under Sir Hovenden Walker arrived at Boston, and taking of the at in additional forces, sailed, near the middle of August, conquest of for the conquest of Canada. The fleet reached the Canada. mouth of the St. Lawrence in safety, but here the ob

tempted

stinacy of Walker, who disregarded the advice of his 1711. pilots, caused the loss of eight of his ships, and nearly nine hundred men. In the night the ships were a. Sept. 2, 3 driven upon the rocks on the northern shore and dashed to pieces. Weakened by this disaster, the fleet returned to England, and the New England troops to Boston.

b

J. See p.33

1. What is sad of the

expedition against Montreal?

c. April 11.

1713. 2. Of the close of the 10ar!

3.

At Ports mouth, July What a events of inoccurred in

24. 1713.

7. A land expedition, urder General Nicholson, which had marched against Montreal, returned after learning the failure of the fleet. Two years later the treaty of Utrecht* terminated the war between France and England; and, soon after, peace was concludeda between the northern colonies and the Indians. 8. During the next thirty years after the close of Queen Anne's war, but few events of general interest occurred in Massachusetts. Throughout most of this period a violent controversy was carried on between the representatives of the people and three successive royal governors, the latter insisting upon receiving a sets during permanent salary, and the former refusing to comply with the demand; preferring to graduate the salary of the governor according to their views of the justice and utility of his administration. A compromise was at length effected, and, instead of a permanent salary, a particular sum was annually voted.

e

the only

terest that

Massachu

the next

thirty years e. Shute, Belcher. Ho10 10as very set

Burnett, and

4

the contro

tled?

1744.

said of the

King

George's

II. KING GEORGE'S WAR.-1. In 1744, during the reign of George II., war again broke out between 5. What is France and England, originating in European dis-origin of putes, relating principally to the kingdom of Austria, and again involving the French and English possessions in America. This war is generally known in America as "King George's War," but, in Europe, as the "War of the Austrian Succession."

f.

roar?

War de

clared by France 15th

March. by

G. Britain
April 9th.

6. What is

2. The most important event of the war in America, was the siege and capture of Louisburg.† This said of Lou

isburg?

* Utrecht is a rich and handsome city of Holland, situated on one of the mouths of the Rhine, twenty miles S.E. from Amsterdam. From the top of its lofty cathedral, 380 feet high, fifteen or sixteen cities may be seen in a clear day. The place is cele brated for the "Union of Utrecht." formed there in 1579, oy which the United Provin ces declared their independence of Spain;-and likewise for the treaty of 1713.

† Louisburg is on the S.E. side of the island of Cape Breton. It has an excellent harbor, of very deep water, nearly six miles in length, but frozen during the winter. After the capture of Louisburg in 1758 (see p.186), its walls were demolished, and the materials of its buildings were carried away for the construction of Halifax, and other towns on the coast. Only a few fishermen's huts are now found within the environs

capture it?

1744. place, situated on the island of Cape Breton,* had been fortified by France at great expense, and was regarded 1. Of the by her as the key to her American possessions. Wil proposal to liam Shirley, the governor of Massachusetts, perceiving the importance of the place, and the danger to which its possession by the French subjected the British province of Nova Scotia, laid before the legislature of the colony a plan for its capture.

a. Jan.

2. What were

said of Commodore Warren?

3. Although strong objections were urged, the gov. the Pernor's proposals were assented to; Connecticut, Rhode expedition? Island, and New Hampshire, furnished their quotas of men; New York sent a supply of artillery, and Pennhat is sylvania of provisions. Commodore Warren, then in the West Indies with an English fleet, was invited to co-operate in the enterprise, but he declined doing se without orders from England. This unexpected in ailing of telligence was kept a secret, and in April, 1745, the New England forces alone, under William Pepperell, commander-in-chief, and Roger Wolcott, second in

4. Of the

the fleet?

b. April 4. command, sailed for Louisburg.

5. What oc

4. At Canseaute they were unexpectedly met by curred at the fleet of Commodore Warren, who had recently Canseau? received orders to repair to Boston and concert mea ced Can-so. sures with Governor Shirley for his majesty's service

c. Pronoun

of the city, and so complete is the ruin, that it is with difficulty that the outlines of the fortifications, and of the principal buildings, can be traced. (See Map.)

Cape Breton, called by the French Isle Royale, is a very irregularly shaped island on the S.E. border of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and separated from Nova Scotia by the narrow channel of Canseau. It is settled mostly by Scotch Highlanders, together with a few of the ancient French Acadians. (See Map.)

Canseau is a small island and cape, on which is a small village, at the eastern er Comity of Nova Scotia, seventy-five miles S.W. from Louisburg. (See Map)

in North America. On the 11th of May the combined forces, numbering more than 4000 land troops, came in sight of Louisburg, and effected a landing at Gabarus Bay, which was the first intimation the French had of their danger.

1745. what is said of the the troops?

landing of

5. 2On the day after the landing a detachment of our hundred men marched by the city and approached the royal battery, setting fire to the houses and stores a. See Map. on the way. The French, imagining that the whole army was coming upon them, spiked the guns and abandoned the battery, which was immediately seized by the New England troops. Its guns were then turned upon the town, and against the island battery at the entrance of the harbor.

2. Give an account of the siege and

conquest of

6. As it was necessary to transport the guns over a Louisburg. morass, where oxen and horses could not be used, they were placed on sledges constructed for the purpose, and the men with ropes, sinking to their knees in the mud, drew them safely over. Trenches were then thrown up within two hundred yards of the city,--a battery was erected on the opposite side of the harbor, at the Light House Point, and the fleet of Warren captured a French 74 gun-ship, with five hundred b. May 29 and sixty men, and a great quantity of military stores designed for the supply of the garrison.

7. A combined attack by sea and land was planned for the 29th of June, but, on the day previous, the city, fort, and batteries, and the whole island, were surrendered. This was the most important acquisition which England made during the war, and, for its recovery, and the desolation of the English colonies, a powerful naval armament under the Duke d'Anville was sent out by France in the following year. But storms, shipwrecks, and disease, dispersed and enfeebled the fleet, and blasted the hopes of the enemy.

said of the importance

3. What is

quisition, and of the

attempts of to recover

the French

the place?

1746. 4. What is

said of the close of the war, and the

8. In 1748 the war was terminated by the treaty terms of the of Aix la Chapelle. The result proved that neither

treaty? c. Oct. 18.

* Gabarus Bay is a deep bay on the eastern coast of Cape Breton, a short distance SW. from Louisburg. (See Map.)

Aix la Chapelle, (pronounced A lah sha-pell,) is in the western part of Germany, near the line of Belgium, in the province of the Rhine, which belongs to Prussia. It is a very ancient city, and was long in possession of the Romans, who called it Aquægranii Its present name was given it by the French, on account of a chapel built there by Char lemagne, who for some time made it the capital of his empire. It is celebrated for its

1748.

1. Of the causes of

a juture war?

L. See p. 173

party had gained any thing by the contest; for all ac quisitions made by either were mutually restored. But the causes of a future and more important war still remained in the disputes about boundaries, which were left unsettled; and the "FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR” soon followed, which was the last struggle of the French for dominion in America.

a

Of what toes Chapter II. of Part il. treat?

1. With what

of

CHAPTER III.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.*

1. During the greater portion of its colonial exist is the history ence, New Hampshire was united with Massachusetts, Hampshire and its history is therefore necessarily blended with blended? that of the parent of the New England colonies. But here treated in order to preserve the subject entire, a brief sketch of its separate history will here be given.

8. Why is it

separately?

1622.

is said of

Mason?

2. Two of the most active members of the council of Plymouth were Sir Ferdinand Gorges and Captain Gorges and John Mason. In 1622 they obtained of their associates b. Aug. 20. a grant of land lying partly in Maine and partly in New Hampshire, which they called Laconia. In the 1623. spring of the following year they sent over two small settlements parties of emigrants, one of which landed at the mouth in New of the Piscataqua, and settled at Little Harbor,† a short distance below Portsmouth; the other, proceeding farther up, formed a settlement at Dover.§

5. Of the first

Hampshire?

hot springs, its baths, and for several important treaties concluded there. It is seventyfive miles E. from Brussels, and 125 S.E. from Amsterdam.

*NEW HAMPSHIRE, one of the Eastern or New England States, lying north of Massachusetts, and west of Maine, is 180 miles long from north to south, and ninety broad in the southern part, and contains an area of about 9500 square miles. It has only eighteen miles of seacoast, and Portsmouth is its only harbor. The country twenty or thirty miles from the sea becomes uneven and hilly, and, toward the northern part, is mountainous. Mount Washington, a peak of the White Mountains, and, next to Black Mountain in N. Carolina, the highest point east of the Rocky Mountairs, is 6428 feet above the level of the sea. The elevated parts of the state are a fine grazing country, and the valleys on the margins of the rivers are highly productive.

Little Harbor, the place first settled, is at the southern entrance to the harbor of Portsmouth, two miles below the city, and opposite the town and island of Newcastle. (See L. H. in Map, opposite page.)

Portsmouth, in New Hampshire, is situated on a peninsula, on the south side of the Piscataqua, three miles from the ocean. It has an excellent harbor, which, owing to the rapidity of the current, is never frozen. It is fifty-four miles N. from Boston, and the same distance S. W. from Portland. (See Map, opposite page.)

§ Dover village, in N. H,, formerly called Cocheco, is situated on Cocheco River, fout