and were pro a. May. cha e roas mace by Mr. Wheeli b. Nov. 17. 2. What sep arare grant was made to the country governed? 3. In 1629 the Rev. John Wheelright and others 1629. purchased of the Indians all the country between the Merrimac and the Piscataqua. A few months later, 1. What pur this tract of country, which was a part of the grant to Gorges and Mason, was given to Mason alone, and it then first received the name of New Hampshire. The country was divided among numerous proprietors, the various settlements, during several years, governed separately, by agents of the different prietors, or by magistrates elected by the people. 4. In 1641 the people of New Hampshire placed themselves under the protection of Massachusetts, in which situation they remained until 1680, when, after a long controversy with the heirs of Mason, relative to the ownership of the soil, New Hampshire was sep. arated from Massachusetts by a royal commission, and made a royal province. The new government was commission, to consist of a president and council, to be appointed 1679. Actual by the king, and a house of representatives to be chosen by the people. No dissatisfaction with the government of Massachusetts had been expressed, and the change to a separate province was received with reluctance by all. 1641. 4. What is union with sets? Of the 1680. said of the Massachu separation? c. Royal Sept. 28, separation Jan. 1680. the nature of the new 5. What was government? 6. What is remarked of d March 26. gisiature the first le semble, and its proceed8. What is said of the what were ings! 5. The first legislature, which assembled at Ports- the change? mouth in 1680, adopted a code of laws, the first of 7. When did which declared "That no act, imposition, law, or ordinance, should be made, or imposed upon them, but such as should be made by the assembly and approved by the president and council." This declaration, so worthy of freemen, was received with marked displeasure by the king; but New Hampshire, ever after, pleasure, VICINITY OF PORTSMOUTH. Was as forward as any of her spirit of the sister colonies in resisting every encroachment upon her just Salmon Falls Falls OSBerwick rights. king's dis and the people? 6. Early in the following 9. Give an year Robert Mason arrived,-asserted his right to the province, on the ground of the early grants eto about lands. miles above its junction with the Piscataqua, and twelve N.W. from Portsmouth. The first settlement in the tow was on a beautiful peninsula between Black and Pl cataqua Rivers. (See Map.) 1681. made to his ancestor, and assumed the title of lord proprietor. But his claims to the soil, and his demands for rent, were resisted by the people. A long controversy ensued; lawsuits were numerous; and judg ments for rent were obtained against many of the leading men in the province; but, so general was the hostility to the proprietor, that he could not enforce them. 7. 'In 1686 the government of Dudley, and after. wards that of Andros, was extended over New Hamp shire. When the latter was seized and imprisoned, the second on the arrival of the news of the revolution in EngMassachu land, the people of New Hampshire took the government into their own hands, and, in 1690, placed themselves under the protection of Massachusetts. 1686. Bard of Dud ey and An dros, and of union with 2. When sep 2Two a. See p. 90. 1690. b. March. years later, they were separated from Massachusetts, rated and contrary to their wishes, and a separate royal governwhen again ment was established over them; but in 1699 the two c. Aug. 1692. provinces were again united, and the Earl of Bellamont was appointed governor over both. united? the and final of the Maso troversy. 3. Give an 8. In 1691 the heirs of Mason sold their title to the account lands in New Hampshire to Samuel Allen, between tinan whom and the people, contentions and lawsuits consettlement tinued until 1715, when the heirs of Allen relinquished nian con- their claims in despair. A descendant of Mason, however, subsequently renewed the original claim, on the ground of a defect in the conveyance to Allen. The Masonian controversy was finally terminated by a relinquishment, on the part of the claimants, of all except the unoccupied portions of the territory. 4. What is fina! separ Massachu 5. What is 9. In 1741, on the removal of Governor Belcher, said of the the provinces of Massachusetts and New Hampshire ation from were separated, never to be united again, and a separate governor was appointed over each. During the forty-two years previous to the separation, New Hampshire had a separate legislative assembly, and the two provinces wer, in reality, distinct, with the exception of their being under the administration of the same royal governor. said of the nature the union with Massa chusetts? 6. What is said of the 10. New Hampshire suffered greatly, and perhaps sufferings of more than any other New England colony, by the Nero Hamp, several French and Indian wars, whose general his shire during the Indian soare? tory has been already given. A particular recital of the plundering and burning of her towns, of her fron- 1630. tiers laid waste, and her children inhumanly murdered, or led into a wretched captivity, would only exhibit scenes similar to those which have been already described, and we willingly pass by this portion of her local history. CHAPTER IV. CONNECTICUT.* DIVISIONS. Of what does Chapter IV. of Part II. treat? Divisions? 1. Early Settlements.-II. Pequod War.-III. New Haven What are its Colony.-IV. Connecticut under her own Constitution.-V. Connecticut under the Royal Charter. 1. EARLY SETTLEMENTS.- -1. In 1630 the soil of Connecticut was granted by the council of Plymouth to the Earl of Warwick; and, in the following year, the Earl of Warwick transferred the same to Lord Say-and-Seal, Lord Brooke and others. Like all the early colonial grants, that of Connecticut was to extend westward from the Atlantic Ocean to the South Sea, or the Pacific. During the same year some of the people of Plymouth, with their governor, Mr. Winslow, visited the valley of the Connecticut, by invitation of an Indian chief, who wished the English to make a settlement in that quarter. 2. The Dutch at New York, apprized of the object of the Plymouth people, determined to anticipate them, and, early in 1633, despatched a party who erected a fort at Hartford.† In October of the same year, a company from Plymouth sailed up the Connecticut 1630. 1. Give an the early Connecti account of grants of cut. 1631. a. March 29, 2. Of the visit to the country by outh people. the Plym 3 of the at Hartford Dutch fort English tra 4. Of the ding-house at Windsor. *CONNECTICUT, the southernmost of the New England States, is from ninety to 100 miles long from E. to W., and from fifty to seventy broad, and contains an area of about 4,700 square miles. The country is, generally, uneven and hilly, and somewhat mountainous in the northwest. The valley of the Connecticut is very fertile, but in most parts of the state the soil is better adapted to grazing than to tillage. An excelent freestone, much used in building, is found in Chatham and Haddam; iron ore of a superior quality in Salisbury and Kent; and fine marble in Milford. Hartford, one of the capitals of Connecticut, is on the W. side of the Connecticut River, fifty miles from its mouth, by the river's course. Mill, or Little River, passes through the southern part of the city. The old Dutch fort was on the S. side of Mill River, at its entrance into the Connecticut. The Dutch maintained their position until 165%. (See Map, next page.) 1633. River, and passing the Dutch fort, erected a trading house at Windsor. The Dutch ordered Captain Holmes, the conumander of the Plymouth sloop, to strike his colors, and, in case of refusal, threatened to fire upon him; but he declared that he would execute the orders of the governor of Plymouth, and, in spite of their threats, proceeded resolutely onward. In the following year the Dutch sent a company to expel the English from the country, but finding them well for tified, they came to a parley, and finally returned in peace. 1634. 1. What oc curred in the full ing year? 1635. account of tion from Massachu setts. settlement 3. In the summer of 1635, exploring parties from 2. Give an Massachusetts Bay colony visited the valley of the the emiga Connecticut, and, in the autumn of the same year, a company of about sixty men, women, and children, a. See p. 76. made a toilsome journey through the wilderness, and 3. Of the settled at Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield.† In of Saybrook. October, the younger Winthrop, son of the governor of Massachusetts, arrived at Boston, with a commission from the proprietors of Connecticut, authorizing him to erect a fort at the mouth of the river of that name, and make the requisite preparations for planting a colony. Scarcely was the fort erected when a Dutch vessel appeared at the mouth of the river, but was not permitted to enter. In honor of Lord Say-and-Seal, and Lord Brooke, the new settlement was named Say1636. brook, which continued a separate colony until 1644. 4. What is II. PEQUOD WAR.-1. During the year 1636 the Pequods? Pequods, a powerful tribe of Indians residing mostly of their within the limits of Connecticut, began to annoy the tions on infant colony. In July, the Indians of Block Island,§ said of the depreda the English? * Windsor is on the W. side of the Connecticut, seven miles N. from Hartford. The village is on the N. side of Farmington River. The trading-house VIC. OF HARTFORD. erected by the Plymouth people, was below the mouth of Farmington River. The meadow in the vicinity is still called Plymouth Meadow. (See Map.) Farmington t † Wethersfield is on the W. side of the Connecticut. four miles S from Hartford. The river here is continually changing its course, by the wearing away of the land on one side, and its gradual de posit on the other. (See Map.) Saybrook is on the west side of Connecticut River, at its en trance into Long Island Sound. Block Island, discovered in 1614 by Adrian Blok, a Dutch ep tain, is twenty-four miles S.W. from Newport. It is attached Newport Co., R. I., and constitutes the township of Newshoreham. It has no harbor. It is eight miles long from N to S., and from twe to four broad. Oct. who were supposed to be in alliance with the Pequods, 1636. surprised and plundered a trading vessel and killed the captain. An expedition from Massachusetts was sent a. Sept, and against them, which invaded the territory of the Pequods, but as nothing important was accomplished, it served only to excite the Indians to greater outrages. During the winter, a number of whites were killed in the vicinity of Saybrook fort. In April following, nine 1637 persons were killed at Wethersfield, and the alarm became general throughout the plantations on the Connecticut. of 1. of their attempted alliance with the Narragan b. See p. 77. 2. Of the 2. The Pequods, who had long been at enmity with the Narragansetts, now sought their alliance in a general war upon the English; but the exertions Roger Williams not only defeated their designs, but induced the Narragansetts again to renew the war against their ancient enemy. Early in May, the magistrates of the three infant towns of Connecticut for- expedition mally declared war against the Pequod nation, and, in ten days, a little army of eighty English, and seventy friendly Mohegan Indians, was on its way against tho enemy, whose warriors were said to number more than two thousand men. c. against them? was the principal seat of the Pequods? 4. Describe the route, son. 3. The principal seat of the Pequods was near the 3. Where mouth of Pequod River, now called the Thames,* in the eastern part of Connecticut. Captain Mason sailed down the Connecticut with his forces, whence he proceeded to Narragansett Bay, where several hundred of the Narragansetts joined him. He then commenced his march across the country, towards the principal Pequod fort, which stood on an eminence on the west side of Mystict River, in the present town of Groton. The Pequods were ignorant of his approach, for they s. What did had seen the boats of the English pass the mouth of think of the their river a few days before, and they believed that their enemies had fled through fear. the Pequods English? * The Pequod, or Thames River, rises in Massachusetts, and, passing south through eastern part of Connecticut, enters Long Island Sound, below New London. It is generally called Quinebaug from its source to Norwich. On the west it receives She acket, Yantic, and other small streams. It is navigable fourteen miles, to Norwich. † Mystic River is a small river which enters L. I. Sound, six miles E. from the Thames The town of Greton lies between the Thames and the Mystic, bordering on the Bound. The Pequod fort, above mentioned, was on Pequod Hill, in the N.E. part of the town, about half a mile west from Mystic River, and eight miles N.E. from New London. A public road now crosses the hill, and a dwelling house occupies its summit |