1741. tion and calm investigation in times of great public excitement, lest terror or deluded enthusiasm get the predominance of reason, and "make madmen of us all."

1745. 1. What is

related of the subsequent his

tory of New

York?

a. Nov.

39. The subsequent history of New York, previous to the commencement of the French and Indian war, contains few events of importance. In 1745, during King George's war, the savages in alliance with France made some incursions into the territory north of Albany, and a few villages were deserted on their approach. The province made some preparations to join the eastern colonies in an expedition against Can1748. ada, but in 1748 a treaty of peace was concluded be tween the contending powers, and New York again enjoyed a short interval of repose, soon to be disturbed by a conflict more sanguinary than any which had preceded. A connected history of that contest, in which all the colonies acted in concert, is given in the "French and Indian War."

b. Oct. 18.

e. See p. 178.

CHAPTER VII.

NEW JERSEY.*

1. The territory embraced in the present state of New Jersey was included in the Dutch province of New Netherlands; and the few events connected with its history, previous to the conquest by the English in 1664, belong to that province. In 1623 Fort Nassau was built on the eastern bank of the Delaware, but was soon after deserted. Probably a few years before this the Dutch began to form settlements at Bergen, and other places west of the Hudson, in the vicinity of New York; but the first colonizing of the province dates, more properly, from the settlement of Elizabeth

1664. town in 1664.

* NEW JERSEY, one of the Middle States, bordering on the Atlantic, and lying south of New York, and east of Pennsylvania and Delaware, contains an area of about 8,000 square miles. The northern part of the state is mountainons, the middle is diver sified by hills and valleys, and is well adapted to grazing and to most kinds of grain, while the southern part is level and sandy, and, to a great extent, barren; the natural growth of the soil being chiefly shrub oaks and yellow pines.

↑ Elizabethtown is situated on Elizabethtown Creek, two and a half miles from its

a. July 3, 4, 1. What portion of did the Duke of York convey

his territory

2. Soon after the grant of New Netherlands to the 1664. Duke of York, and previous to the surrender, the duke conveyed that portion of the territory which is bounded on the east, south, and west, respectively, by the Hudson, the sea, and the Delaware, and north by the 41st degree and 40th minute of latitude, to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, who were already proprietors of Carolina. 2This tract was called New Jersey, in compliment to Carteret, who had been governor of the island of Jersey,* and had defended it for the king during the civil war.

3. To invite settlers to the country, the proprietors soon published a liberal constitution for the colony, promising freedom from taxation, except by the act of the colonial assembly, and securing equal privileges, and liberty of conscience to all. In 1665 Philip Carteret, the first governor, arrived, and established himself at Elizabethtown, recently settled by emigrants from Long Island, and which became the first capital of the infant colony.

away, and to

whom?

2. What

name was tract, and

given to this

why? b. Note p. 61

1665.

c. Feb. 20.

said of constitution

Cormed by the propri

etors? d. Aug.

Who was ernor, and

the first gov

what was the capital of the province?

5

What is early set

of the

tlers?

6. Of the

security

4 New York and New England furnished most of the early settlers, who were attracted by the salubrity of the climate, and the liberal institutions which the inhabitants were to enjoy. Fearing little from the neighboring Indians, whose strength had been causes of the broken by long hostilities with the Dutch, and guarded which they by the Five Nations and New York against the enjoyed? proaches of the French and their savage allies, the colonists of New Jersey, enjoying a happy security, escaped the dangers and privations which had afflicted the inhabitants of most of the other provinces.

ap

1670.

5. After a few years of quiet, domestic disputes began to disturb the repose of the colony. The proprietors, by their constitution, had required the pay ment, after 1670, of a penny or half penny an acre fc: the use of land; but when the day of payment ar rived, the demand of the tribute met with general op-colony

7 what, after a few turbed the

years, dis

repose of the

entrance into Staten Island Sound, and twelve miles S.W. from New York city. It was named from Lady Elizabeth Carteret, wife of Sir George Carteret. (See Map, p. 117, and p. 226.)

The island of Jersey is a strongly fortified island in the English Channel, seventeen miles from the French coast. It is twelve miles long, and has an average width of about five miles

1. What troubles folLowed?

1670. position. Those who had purchased land of the In dians refused to acknowledge the claims of the pro prietors, asserting that a deed from the former was paramount to any other title. A weak and dissolute son of Sir George Carteret was induced to assume1 the government, and after two years of disputes and confusion, the established authority was set at defiance by open insurrection, and the governor was compelled to return to England.

a. 1670.

b. 1672.

1673. 2. What oc the follow

curred in

ing year! c. See p. 127.

1674.

farther pro

6. In the following year, during a war with Hol land, the Dutch regained all their former possessions, including New Jersey, but restored them to the Eng lish in 1674. After this event, the Duke of York obtained a second charter, confirming the former d. July 9. grant; and, in disregard of the rights of Berkeley and 3. Relate the Carteret, appointed Andros governor over the whole ceedings of re-united province. On the application of Carteret, York. however, the duke consented to restore New Jersey; 0. July 11. but he afterwards endeavored to avoid the full performance of his engagement, by pretending that he had reserved certain rights of sovereignty over the country, which Andros seized every opportunity of asserting.

the Dulce of

f. Oct.

1674.

4. Horo did dispose of

Berkeley

his territory?

7. In 1674 Lord Berkeley sold his share of New Jersey to John Fenwick, in trust for Edward Byllinge and his assignees. In the following year Philip Carteret returned to New Jersey, and resumed the gov. March 28. ernment; but the arbitrary proceedings of Andros long 1675. continued to disquiet the colony. Carteret, attempting account of to establish a direct trade between England and New ties between Jersey, was warmly opposed by Andros, who claimed, Carteret for the duke his master, the right of rendering New Jersey tributary to New York, and even went so far as to arrest Governor Carteret and convey him prisoner to New York.

5. Give an

and Andros.

6. What disposal did

share, and

8. Byllinge, having become embarrassed in his Byllinge fortunes, made an assignment of his share in the provmake of his ince to William Penn and two others, all Quakers, what was whose first care was to effect a division of the territory signees between themselves and Sir George Carteret, that they might establish a separate government in accordance

done by the

a. July 11

1. What li the provinc was made? 1677. b. March 13. what the the western, How wer vited to the colony, and

vision of

was done by

proprietors?

with their peculiar religious principles. The division* 1676. was accomplished without difficulty; Carteret receiving the eastern portion of the province, which was called EAST JERSEY; and the assignees of Byllinge the western portion, which they named WEST JERSEY. The western proprietors then gave the settlers a free constitution, under the title of "Concessions," similar to that given by Berkeley and Carteret, granting all the important privileges of civil and religious liberty. 9. The authors of the "Constitution" accompanied its publication with a special recommendation of the province to the members of their own religious fraternity, and in 1677 upwards of four hundred Quakers came over and settled in West New Jersey. The settlers being unexpectedly called upon by Andros to acknowledge the sovereignty of the Duke of York, and submit to taxation, they remonstrated earnestly with the duke, and the question was finally referred to the eminent jurist, Sir William Jones, for his decision.

3.

4.

settlers

with what result?

What subferred to Sir

ject was re

William Jones for decision?

1680.

and what

10. The result was a decision against the pretensions of the duke, who immediately relinquished all the result,claims to the territory and the government. Soon after, the conduct he made a similar release in favor of the representatives of the duke? of Carteret, in East Jersey, and the whole province thus became independent of foreign jurisdiction.

1681.

6. What were the proceedings

sey?

c. Dec. 5. 7. What was

11. In 1681 the governor of West Jersey convoked of the first the first representative assembly, which enacted sev-assembly in eral important laws for protecting property, punishing crimes, establishing the rights of the people, and defining the powers of rulers. "The most remarkable feature in the new laws was a provision, that, in al. criminal cases except treason, murder, and theft, the person aggrieved should have power to pardon the offender.

12. After the death of Sir George Carteret, the trustees of his estates offered his portion of the province for sale; and in 1682 William Penn and eleven others,

remarka ble feature in the new

d.

3.

lares!

Dec. 1679. What dis

posal was made of East Jersey.

and what is clay's ad

said of Bar

ministration?

* According to the terms of the deed, the dividing line was to run from the most southerly point of the east side of Little Egg Harbor, to the N. Western extremity of New Jersey; which was declared to be a point on the Delaware River in latitude 41° 40′, which is 18′ 23′′ farther north than the present N. Western extremity of the state. Several partial attempts were made, at different times. to run the line, and much controversy arose from the disputes which these attempts occasioned.

1682. members of the society of Friends, purchased Eas Feb. 11, 12. Jersey, over which Robert Barclay, a Scotch gende man, the author of the "Apology for Quakers," was b. July 27, appointed governor for life. During his brief ad ministration the colony received a large accession of emigrants, chiefly from Barclay's native county of Aberdeen, in Scotland.

1683.

c. He died in 1690.

1685.

1. Give an

ry measures

of York,

came king.

1688.

1688-9.

lowed the

in Eng

13. On the accession of the Duke of York to the account throne, with the title of James II.,--disregarding his the arbitra, previous engagements, and having formed the design the Duke of annulling all the charters of the American colonies when he be he caused writs to be issued against both the Jerseys and in 1688 the whole province was placed under the d. See p. 129, jurisdiction of Andros, who had already become the and p. 90. king's governor of New York and New England. 14. The revolution in England terminated the 2. What fol authority of Andros, and from June, 1689, to August, revolution 1692, no regular government existed in New Jersey, land? and during the following ten years the whole province 3. What remained in an unsettled condition. For a time New from the dis- York attempted to exert her authority over New Jersey, per and at length the disagreements between the various proprietors and their respective adherents occasioned so much confusion, that the people found it difficult to ascertain in whom the government was legally vested. 4. What dis- At length the proprietors, finding that their conflicting proprietors claims tended only to disturb the peace of their territories, and lessen their profits as owners of the soil, made a surrender of their powers of government to the crown; and in 1702 New Jersey became a royal province, and was united' to New York, under the 5. How was government of Lord Cornbury.

evils arose

proprietors?

posal did the

make of

their claims?

1702.

e. April 25.

£. See p. 132.

New Jersey

then gooerned?

8.1702-1708, see p. 132.

6. What is said of Lord Corn

15. From this period until 1738 the province remained under the governors of New York, but with a distinct legislative assembly. The administration of Lord Cornbury, consisting of little more than a hisbury's ad- tory of his contentions with the assemblies of the provministra ince, fully developed the partiality, frauds, and tyranny 7. What of the governor, and served to awaken in the people a Constitution vigorous and vigilant spirit of liberty. "The commis Jersey sion and instructions of Cornbury formed the consti

tion?

formed the

Nern