.. What was the contro versy? 1719. wards the crown for assistance and protection. After much controversy and difficulty with the proprietors, the result of the assembly and the people openly rebelled against their authority, and proclaimed James Moore governol of the province, in the name of the king. The agent 1720. of Carolina obtained, in England, a hearing from the lords of the regency, who decided that the proprietors had forfeited their charter. a. Dec. 2. What is olson? b. Sept. c. 1721. 3. What ar 16. While measures were taken for its abrogation, aidi Francis Nicholson, who had previously exercised the office of governor in New York, in Maryland, in Virginia, and in Nova Scotia; now received a royal commission as governor of Carolina; and, early in the following year, arrived in the province. The controversy with the proprietors was finally adrangement justed in 1729, when seven, out of the eight, sold to between the the king, for less than 80,000 dollars, their claims to and the the soil and rents in both Carolinas; and all assigned to him the powers of government granted them by 4. What then their charter. Both Carolinas then became royal situation of governments, under which they remained until the Revolution. was proprietors king? became the the Caro linas 1 CHAPTER XII. chat does Chapter XII. treat? d. 1729. 6. What 10as the situation at the time GEORGIA.* 1. At the time of the surrenderd of the Calina of Georgia charter to the crown, the country southwest of the Sa of the sur vannah was a wilderness, occupied by savage tribes, render of the and claimed by Spain as a part of Florida, and b charter England as a part of Carolina. Happily for the ject was claims of the latter, and the security of Carolina, in Carolina • What pro formed in 1732? 1732 a number of persons in England, influenced by * GEORGIA, one of the Southern States, contains an area of about 60,000 square miles. The entire coast, to the distance of seven or eight miles, is intersected by nu merous inlets, communicating with each other, and navigable for small vessels. The Islands thus formed consist mostly of salt marshes, which produce sea island cotton of a superior quality. The coast on the mainland, to the distance of several miles, is mostly a salt marsh; beyond which are the pine barrens, and the ridges of sand hills similar to those of South Carolina. The Upper Country is an extensive table land, with a black and fertile soil. Near the boundary of Tennessee and Carolina, on the noria the country becomes mountainous motives of patriotism and humanity, formed the project 1732. of planting a colony in the disputed territory. 1. What is said of Ogle his benevo thorpe and lent designs? 2. James Oglethorpe, a member of the British parliament; a soldier and a loyalist, but a friend of the unfortunate; first conceived the idea of opening, for the poor of his own country, and for persecuted Protestants of all nations, an asylum in America, where former poverty would be no reproach, and where all might worship without fear of persecution. The benevolent enterprise met with favor from the king, who first grant granted, for twenty-one years, to a corporation, "In of Georgia trust for the poor," the country between the Savannah and the Altamaha, and westward to the Pacific Ocean. The new province was named Georgia. 3. In November of the same year, Oglethorpe, with nearly one hundred and twenty emigrants, embarked for America; and after touching at Charleston and Port Royal, on the twelfth of February landed at Savannah.* On Yamacraw bluff, a settlement was immediately commenced, and the town, after the Indian name of the river, was called Savannah. After completing a slight fortification for the defence of the setilers, Oglethorpe invited the neighboring Indian chiefs to meet him at Savannah, in order to treat with them for their lands, and establish relations of friendship. 4. In June the chiefs of the Creek nation assembled;-kind feelings prevailed; and the English were cordially welcomed to the country. An aged warrior presented several bundles of skins, saying that, although the Indians were poor, they gave, with a good heart, such things as they possessed. Another chief presented the skin of a buffalo, painted, on the inside, with the head and feathers of an eagle. He said the English were as swift as the eagle, and as strong as the buffalo; for 2. Of the or charter a. June 2 b. Nov. 28. account of ment of Sa begin his in tercourse with the In dians? 5. Give an account of meeting Indians. this first with VICINITY OF SAVANNAH. Savannah, now the largest city, and the Hutchinsons rin pal seaport of Georgia, is situated on the 8.W bank of the Savannah River, on a sandy SAVANNAH 1733. they flew over vast seas; and were so powerful, that nothing could withstand them. He reminded them that the feathers of the eagle were soft, and signified love; that the skin of the buffalo was warm, and sig nified protection; and therefore he hoped that the English would love and protect the little families of the 1. What is said of the the early settlers? 2. What other emi Indians. 5. The settlers rapidly increased in numbers, but character of as most of those who first came over, were not only poor, but unaccustomed to habits of industry, they were poorly qualified to encounter the toil and hardships to which their situation exposed them. The grants arri- liberality of the trustees then invited emigrants of ved? more enterprising habits; and large numbers of Swiss, Germans, and Scotch, accepted their proposals. The lations of regulations of the trustees at first forbade the use of are men negroes,-prohibited the importation of rum,-and in terdicted all trade with the Indians, without a special license. Slavery was declared to be not only immoral, but contrary to the laws of England. $. What reg the trustees tioned? 1736. 4. What ad colony in 6. Early in 1736, Oglethorpe, who had previously a. Feb. 16. visited England, returned to Georgia, with a new dition was company of three hundred emigrants. In anticipation made to the of war between England and Spain, he fortified his 1736 ? colony, by erecting forts at Augusta,* Darien,† Fredone in an- erica, on Cumberland Islands near the mouth of the war between St. Mary's, and even as far as the St. John's, claiming Eg for the English, all the territory north of that river. "But the Spanish authorities of St. Augustine com 5. What was ticipation of and Spain? *Augusta City is situated on the S.W. side of the Savannah River, 120 miles N.W. from Savannah City. It is at the head of steamboat navigation on the Savannah, is surrounded by a rich country, and has an active trade. Darien is situated on a high sandy bluff, on the north and principal channel of the Altamaha, twelve iniles from the bar near its mouth. (See Map.) VICINITY OF FREDERICA. Frederica is situated on the west side of St. Simon's Island, below the principal mouth of the Altamaha, and on one of its navigable channels. The fort mentioned above, was constructed of tabby, a mixture of water and lime, with shells or gravel, forming a hard rocky mass when dry. The ruins of the fort may still be seen. Cumberland Island lies opposite the coast, at the southeastern extremity of Georgia. It is fifteen miles in length, and from one to four in width. The fort was on the southern point and commanded the entrance to St Mary's River. St. Mary's River, forming part of the boundary between Georgia and Florida, enters the Atlantic, between Cumberland Island on the north, and Amelia Island on the south. 6. What the Spanish claims did authorities piained of the near approach of the English; and their 1736. commissioners, sent to confer with Oglethorpe, demanded the evacuation of the country, as far north as St. Helena Sound;* and, in case of refusal, threatened hostilities. The fortress at the mouth of the St. John's was abandoned; but that near the mouth of the St. Mary's was retained; and this river afterwards became the southern boundary of Georgia. urgel 1. How far were their claims admitted? 2. What sid visit, and Wesley's its object? 3. What ren dered him and caused unpopular his return? 7. 2The celebrated John Wesley, founder of the Methodist church, had returned with Oglethorpe, with the charitable design of rendering Georgia a religious colony, and of converting the Indians. Having become unpopular by his zeal and imprudence, he was indicted for exercising unwarranted ecclesiastical authority; and, after a residence of two years in the colony, he returned to England, where he was long distinguished for his piety and usefulness. *Soon after his return the Rev. George Whitefield, another and said of the more distinguished Methodist, visited Georgia, with Whitened? the design of establishing an orphan asylum on lands a May, 1738. obtained from the trustees for that purpose. The plan but partially succeeded during his lifetime, and was abandoned after his death. b 4. What is visit of b. In 1770. parations thorpe make for war? c. Winter of 1736-37. 1737. 8. To hasten the preparations for the impending 5. What precontest with Spain, Oglethorpe again visited England; ad Ogle where he received a commission as brigadier-general; with a command extending over South Carolina; and, after an absence of more than a year and a half, returned to Georgia, bringing with him a regiment of d. Sept. 7. 600 men, for the defence of the southern frontiers. In the latter part of 1739, England declared war against Spain; and Oglethorpe immediately planned an expedition against St. Augustine. In May of the following year, he entered Florida with a select force of four hundred men from his regiment, some Carolina troops, and a large body of friendly Indians. g 9. "A Spanish fort, twenty-five miles from St. Augustine, surrendered after a short resistance ;-another, within two miles, was abandoned; but a summons for the surrender of the town was answered by a bold de e. Oct. 6. When was 20ar declared, and that were the first measures of Oglethorpe ? 7. f. Nov. 3. g. 1740. Relate the ces attendpedition circumstan ing the as Bt. Helena Sound is the entrance to the Cambahee River. It is north of St. Helena Bland, and about fifty miles N.E from Savannah. ve Map, p. 38.) a. July. 1740. fiance. For a time the Spaniards were cut off from al. supplies, by ships stationed at the entrance of the har bor; but at length several Spanish galleys eluded the vigilance of the blockading squadron, and brought a reenforcement and supplies to the garrison. All hopes of speedily reducing the place were now lost;-sickness began to prevail among the troops; and Oglethorpe, with sorrow and regret, returned to Georgia. 10. 'Two years later, the Spaniards, in return, made 1. Give an preparations for an invasion of Georgia. In July, a the Spanish fleet of thirty-six sail from Havanna and St. Augustine, Georgia. bearing more than three thousand troops, entered the harbor of St. Simon's ;* landed on the west side of the island, a little above the town of the same name; and 2. Of the erected a battery of twenty guns. "General Oglemovements thorpe, who was then on the island with a force of less horpe, and than eight hundred men, exclusive of Indians, withagainst the drew to Frederica; anxiously awaiting an expected 1742. account of invasion of D. July 16. his success enemy. c. July 18. 3. What pre attack on the camp? reinforcement from Carolina. A party of the enemy, having advanced within two miles of the town, was driven back with loss; another party of three hundred, coming to their assistance, was ambuscaded, and two thirds of the number were slain or taken prisoners. 11. Oglethorpe next resolved to attack, by night, vented an one of the Spanish camps; but a French soldier de Spanish serted, and gave the alarm, and the design was de feated. Apprehensive that the enemy would now Oglethorpe's discover his weakness, he devised an expedient for de eiving the stroying the credit of any information that might be enemy? given. He wrote a letter to the deserter, requesting 4. What was plan for de that he would urge the Spaniards to an immediate attack, or, if he should not succeed in this, that he would induce them to remain on the island three days longer, for in that time several British ships, and a re inforcement, were expected from Carolina. He also dropped some hints of an expected attack on St. Au gustine by a British fleet. This letter he bribed a * St. Simon's Island lies south of the principal channel of the Altamaha. It's twelve miles in length, and from two to five in width. The harbor of St. Simon's is at the southern point of the island, before the town of the same name, and eight miles below Frederica. At St. Simon's there was also a small fort. The northern part of the island is separated from the mainland by a small creek, and is called Little St. Simon's. Map, p. 168., |