possessions in America, and continued from 1689 to 1689. the peace of Ryswick in 1697.

I What in

French and
Ind ans
opened the
(var!
a. July 7.

2. The opening of this war was signalized by several successful expeditions of the French and Indians ronds of the against the northern colonies. In July, 1689, a party of Indians surprised and killed Major Waldron and twenty of the garrison at Dover,† and carried twentynine of the inhabitants captives to Canada. In the following month an Indian war party, starting from the French settlement on the Penobscot, fell upon the English fort at Pemaquid, which they compelled to surrender.b

3. Early in the following year, 1690, Schenectady§ was burned; the settlement at Salmon Falls, on the Piscataqua, was destroyed;d and a successful attack was made on the fort and settlement at Casco Bay. *In anticipation of the inroads of the French, Massachusetts had hastily fitted out an expedition, under Sir William Phipps, against Nova Scotia, which resulted in the easy conquest of Port Royal.

b. Aug. 12.

1690. c. Feb. 18,

see p. 129. d. March 28.

c. May 27.

2. What suc

cessful expe sent against

dition was

the French! f. May.

Ryswick is a small town in the west of Holland, two miles S.E. from Hague, and thirty-five S.W. from Amsterdam.

† (See pages 100 and 101.)

The fort at Pemaquid, the most noted place in the early history of Maine, was in the present town of Bremen, on the east side of, and near the mouth of Pemaquid River, which separates the towns of Bremen and Bristol. It is about eighteen miles N.E. from the mouth of Kennebec River, and forty N.E. from Portland. The fort was at first called Fort George. In 1692 it was rebuilt of stone, by Sir William Phipps, and named Fort William Henry. In 1730 it was repaired, and called Fort Frederic. Three miles and a quarter south from the old fort is Pemaquid Point. (See Map.)

Schenectady, an early Dutch settlement, is on the S. bank of Mohawk River, sixteen miles N.W. from Albany. The buildings of Union College are pleasantly situated on an eminence half a mile east from the city. (See Map p. 118.)

The settlement formerly called Salmon Falls, is in the town of South Berwick, Maine, on the east side of the Piscataqua or Salmon Falls River, seventeen miles N W from Portsmouth. The Indian name by which it is often mentioned in history, is Newichawannoc. (See Map, p. 101.)

Casco Bay is on the coast of Maine, S.W. from the mouth of the Kennebec River. It sets up between Cape Elizabeth on the S.W. and Cape Small Point on the N.E., twenty miles apart, and contains 300 islands, mostly small, but generally very productive. In 1690 the settlements extended around the western shore of the bay, and were embraced in what was then called the town of Falmouth. The fort and settlement mentioned above, were on a peninsula called Casco Neck, the site of the present city of Portland. The fort, called Fort Loyal, was on the southwesterly shore of the peninsula, at the end of the prosent King Street. (See Map.)

VICINITY OF PORTLAND

Westbrook

1690.

1. Give an

the expedi

Canada.

2. What is

4. 'Late in the same year a more important erter prise, the conquest of Canada, was undertaken by the account of people of New England and New York acting in tion against Concert. An armament, designed for the reduction of Quebec, was equipped by Massachusetts, and the command of it given to Sir William Phipps; while a land expedition was to proceed from New York against Montreal. The fleet proceeded up the St. Lawrence, and appeared before Quebec about the middle of October; but the land troops of New York having rea. See p. 130. turned, Quebec had been strengthened by all the French forces, and now bade defiance to the fleet which soon returned to Boston. "This expedition imaid of the posed a heavy debt upon Massachusetts, and, for the red by this payment of troops, bills of credit were issued ;-the first emission of the kind in the American colonies. 5. Soon after the return of Sir William Phipps Phipps sent from this expedition, he was sent to England to re1691. quest assistance in the farther prosecution of the war, and likewise to aid other deputies of Massachusetts in applying for the restoration of the colonial charter But in neither of these objects was he successful. successful England was too much engaged at home to expend her treasures in the defence of her colonies; and the king and his counsellors were secretly averse to the liberality of the former charter.

debis incur

expedition?

3. Why was

to England?

4. Was he

And why not?

1692.

5. Give an

the estab

royal gon

ernment

New Eng

land.

6. Early in 1692 Sir William Phipps returned' b. May 24. with a new charter, which vested the appointment of account of governor in the king, and united Plymouth, Massalishment of chusetts, Maine, and Nova Scotia, in one royal gov ernment. Plymouth lost her separate government ver most of contrary to her wishes; while New Hampshire, which had recently placed herself under the protection of See p. 102. Massachusetts, was now forcibly severed from her. 7. While Massachusetts was called to mourn the aid of the desolation of her frontiers by savage warfare, and to lief in grieve the abridgment of her charter privileges, a new and still more formidable calamity fell upon her. The belief in witchcraft was then almost universal in Christian countries, nor did the Puritans of New England escape the delusion. The laws of England, which admitted the existence of witchcraft, and punished i

6. What is

general be

witchcraft?

with death, had been adopted in Massachusetts, and in 1692. Less than twenty years from the founding of the colony,

one individual was tried and executed for the supposed a. In 1648,

crime.

*

/ 8. 'In 1692 the delusion broke out with new violence and frenzy in Danvers, then a part of Salem. The daughter and niece of the minister, Mr. Parris, were at first moved by strange caprices, and their singular conduct was readily ascribed to the influence of witchcraft. The ministers of the neighborhood held a day of fasting and prayer, and the notoriety which the children soon acquired, with perhaps their own belief in some mysterious influence, led them to accuse individuals as the authors of their sufferings. An old Indian servant in the family was whipped until she confessed herself a witch; and the truth of the confession, although obtained in such a manner, was not doubted.

9. Alarm and terror spread rapidly; evil spirits were thought to overshadow the land; and every case of nervous derangement, aggravated by fear; and every unusual symptom of disease, was ascribed to the influence of wicked demons, who were supposed to have entered the bodies of those who had sold themselves into the power of Satan.

10. Those supposed to be bewitched were mostly children, and persons in the lowest ranks of life; and the accused were at first old women, whose ill-favored looks seemed to mark them the fit instruments of unearthly wickedness. But, finally, neither age, nor sex, nor station, afforded any safeguard against a charge of witchcraft. Magistrates were condemned, and a clergyman of the highest respectability was executed.d

11. The alarming extent of the delusion at length opened the eyes of the people. Already twenty per sons had suffered death; fifty-five had been tortured or terrified into confessions of witchcraft; a hundred and fifty were in prison; and two hundred more had been accused. When the legislature assembled, in Octo

Charlestown. b. Feb. 1. Give an

account of pearance of the Salem

the first ap

witchcraft

* Danvers is two miles N.W. from Salem. The principal village is a continuation the streets of Salem, of which it is, virtually, a suburb.

1692. ber, remonstrances were urged against the recent pro ceedings; the spell which had pervaded the land was suddenly dissolved; and although many were subsequently tried, and a few convicted, yet no more were executed. The prominent actors in the late tragedy lamented and condemned the delusion to which they had yielded, and one of the judges, who had presided at the trials, made a frank and full confession of his

1693.

1694. a. July 28.

1. What even.s oc

the war with the

error.

12. 'The war with the French and Indians still continued. In 1694, Oyster River,* in New Hamp shire, was attacked, and ninety-four persons were killed, or carried away captive. Two years later, the English fort at Pemaquid was surrendered to a large force of French and Indians commanded by the Baron Castine, but the garrison were sent to Boston, where July 25 they were exchanged for prisoners in the hands of the English.

curred in French and Indians 1696.

5. Note p. 91.

1697.

2. What oc

Haverhill?

3. Give an

account of

Mrs.Duston.

13. In March, 1697, Haverhill,† in Massachusetts, d. March 25. was attacked, and forty persons were killed, or carried curred at away captive. Among the captives were Mrs. Duston and her nurse, who, with a boy previously taken, fell to the lot of an Indian family, twelve in number. The three prisoners planned an escape from captivity, and in one night, killed ten of the twelve Indians, while they were asleep, and returned in safety to their friends -filling the land with wonder at their successful daring terminated? During the same year King William's war was termie. Sept. 20. nated by the treaty of Ryswick.f

4. When

was the war

f. See p. 91.

* Oyster River is a small stream, of only twelve or fifteen miles in length, whick flows from the west into Great Bay, a southern arm. or branch, of the Piscataqua The settlement mentioned in history as Oyster River, was in the present town of Dur ham, ten miles N.W. from Portsmouth. (See Map, p. 101.)

Haverhill, in Massachusetts, is on the N. side of the Merrimac, at the head of nev igation.-thirty miles north from Boston. The village of Bradford is on the opposits side of the river.

SECTION III.

MASSACHUSETTS, FROM THE CLOSE OF KING WILLIAM'S WAR, IN
1697, TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR,
IN 1754.
(57 YEARS.)

DIVISIONS.

1697.

Q chatt does Section III of this Chapter treat?

What are its

Massachusetts during Queen Anne's War-II. King Divisions? George's War.

I. MASSACHUSETTS DURING QUEEN ANNE'S WAR.I. 'After the death of James II., who died in France, in 1701, the French government acknowledged his son, then an exile, as king of England; which was deemed an unpardonable insult to the latter kingdom, which had settled the crown on Anne, the second daughter of James. In addition to this, the French monarch was charged with attempting to destroy the proper balance of power in Europe, by placing his grandson, Philip of Anjou, on the throne of Spain. These causes led to a war between England, on the one side, and France and Spain on the other, which is commonly known in America as "Queen Anne's War," but, in Europe, as the "War of the Spanish Succession."

*

2. The Five Nations had recently concluded a treaty of neutrali y with the French of Canada, by which New York was screened from danger; so that the whole weight of Queen Anne's war, in the north, fell upon the New England colonies. The tribes from the Merrimact to the Penobscot had assented to a treaty of peace with New England; but, through the influence of the French, seven weeks after, it treacherously broken; and, on one and the same day, the whole frontier, from Cascot to Wells, was devoted o the tomahawk and the scalping-knife.

was

1701. a. Sept.

1. Give an

account of which led t ane's war

the causes

Queen

A jou was an ancient province in the west of France, on the river Loire. The Merrimac River, in New Hampshire, is formed by the union of the Pomige asset and the Winnipi seogee. The former rises near the Notch, in the White Moun bins, and at Sanbornton, seventy miles below its source, receives the Winnipisensen from Winnipi cogee Lake. The course of the Merrimac is then S.E. to the vichia Lowell, Massachusetts, when, turning to the N.E., after a winding course et fifty mildew it fall into the Atl: ntic. at Newburyport Casco. See Casco Bay p. 3. Wells is a tows in Maine, thirty miles 8.W. from Portland, and twenty N E. fres Portsmouth.