The triumphal arch under which the general passed into the yard is worthy of special notice. It is very similar to the one in Chesnut street, opposite the State-House, being covered with painted canvass, on which are represented appropriate figures. Immediately on the arch, and on both sides, is the following sentence. "I will purchase and equip a vessel myself,"-and other expressions which he made use of to our commissioners when they were complaining of the want of funds. The top of the arch was surmounted by a miniature ship, representing the Bonne Mere, the vessel which first brought him to the United States. Stocks of muskets, elegantly polished, adornOn Thursday and Friday the general's rooms ed the basis of the arch, on either side, and produc➡ were crowded and a great number of ladies and gen-ed the finest effect. tlemen were presented-numerous societies also In the after part of the day, the general dined with came forward, and tendered their thanks and vener- his masonic brethren, and on Sunday dined with ation to him in appropriate and sometimes highly judge Peters, at his country seat, to which several eloquent addresses, delivered by some favorite per- officers of distinction were invited. son from their number.

On Saturday general La Fayette visited the navy yard, escorted by a large civil and military procession, and entered the navy yard under an appropriate arch, erected for the occasion by com. Barron,and was conducted to the quarters of major Gamble where he was addressed by Dr. Sutherland, chairman of the committee of Southwark-he was then ushered into the drawing room and introduced to a number of ladies who had assembled on the occasion. After par- 1. Lieutenant general baron Demas, now secreta taking of some refreshments, the general was escort- ry of war, to be minister for foreign affairs; 2. The ed by com. Barron and major Gamble on to the pa- marquis Clermont Tonnere, now minister of the marade ground, passing under an arch, on which was in-rine, to be minister of war; 3. Count Chabrol to be scribed the following words:-"The more hopeless minister of marine.

your cause, the more honor for me," an expression 2. The marquis of Lauriston now minister of the which he made use of to the American commission-household, to be grand veneur of France.

the Ipsariots fired one of their own magazines and destroyed hundreds of themselves and their enemies together-crying liberty or death! It appears, however, that about 2000 of the islanders retired to two forts, and there maintained themselves until relieved, but were so separated from their countrymen that they could 6. 1st. The marquis de Vaulchier to be postmaster; render no efficient service in the fight. Very few en 2. M. de Castlebajac to be director general of the cus-gaged in the battle escaped, but among them was the toms, in the room of marquis Vaulchier. famous Danari, conductor of fire ships, who, after "The count Portalis, peer of France, councillor of fighting like a tygress robbed of her whelps, was state, and counsellor of the appeal court, is appointed seized upon by a few friends round him, and carried president de chambre of the said court, in the room of off to Hydra, from whence he immediately returned baron Baris, deceased. with a fleet of 70 or 80 vessels. The Greeks then at"The baron de Crouzeilhes, director of the colo-tacked the Turkish fleet, and fired and blew up three nies, and master of requests of the council of state, is appointed secretary general of the ministry of justice, in the room of the sieur Vatismesnil, called to other functions.

gent, pleasing and useful volume. During an active re- the rock a large reservoir for supplying with water sidence of above half a year in Mexico-visiting the palace, whose walls still remained eight feet high; places of immense importance with which we are and as we examined farther, we found that the whole hardly, if at all, acquainted-examining mines, in-mountain had been covered with palaces, temples, vestigating antiquities-inquiring into the trade and baths, hanging gardens, &c.; yet this place has never manufactures of the people-studying the natural been noticed by any writer. history, and, in fine, observing every thing worthy of observation-the author has obtained all the stores of information which he has here detailed in a popular form, agreeably to his purpose, and calculated to be very beneficial to his country.

Near the city of Tezcuco, formerly the Athens of Mexico, Mr. Bullock and his party, he tells us,

"I am of opinion that these were antiquities prior to the discovery of America, and erected by a people whose history was lost even before the building of the city of Mexico. In our way down, we collected specimens of the stucco which covered the terrace, still as hard and beautiful as any found at Potici or Herculaneum. Don T. Rosalin informed us that we had seen but the commencement of the wonders of the place; that there were traces of buildings to the very top still discernible; that the mountain was perforated by artificial excavations, and that a flight of steps led to one near the top, which he himself had entered, but which no one as yet had had courage to explore, although it was believed that immense riches were buried in it.

"Were informed, that at a distance of only two leagues was a place called Bano de Montezuma, and that it had formerly been used as a bath by that monarch. A gentleman of the town, Don Trinidad Rosalia, offered to escort us, and, in a few minutes, we were on horseback: after a smart canter through cultivated grounds, and over a fine plain, bounded by the mountains of the Cordilleras, we approached an "We regained our horses, and an hour brought us hicienda and church; and here I expected to find the bath of which we were in search, and some subter-back to Tezcuco, greatly fatigued indeed, but more raneous place; but learnt, to my surprise, that we lamenting the little time we had been able to give to had to mount a conical mountain, called Tescosingo. the most interesting place we had visited; and which We employed our horses as far as they could take us, it is not a little extraordinary, appears to have been but the unevenness of the ground, at last, obliged us unnoticed by the Spanish writers at the conquest, in to dismount; and, having fastened them to a nopal whom it probably excited as little interest as it does tree, we scrambled, with great difficulty, through in the present inhabitants of the city of Mexico, not bushes and over loose stones, which were in great one of whom could I find who had ever seen or even quantities on all sides, and at last perceived that we heard of it. What a subject for contemplation does were on the ruins of a very large building-the ce- this collection of ruins present to the reflecting mind! mented stones remaining, in some places, covered The seat of a powerful monarch, whose subjects (if with stucco, and forming walks and terraces, but we may judge from their works), were probably an much encumbered with earth fallen from above, and enlightened people, existing and flourishing long beovergrown with a wood of nopal, which made it dif-fore the continent of America was known to Europe, ficult to ascend. In some places the terraces were and yet a people whose customs, costume, religion, carried over chasms by solid pieces of masonry; in and architecture, strongly resembled those of an enothers, cut through the living rock; but, as we en- lightened nation of Africa, which may be said to have deavored to proceed in a straight line, our labor was ceased to exist twenty centuries before this continent very great, being sometimes obliged to climb on our was discovered. Who now can solve this difficulty? "After a vain inquiry for the celebrated pyramids of hands and knees. By the assistance of underwood, however, at length, after passing several buildings the Sun and Moon, or of St. Juan de Teotihuacan, we and terraces, the stucco of which appeared fresh, set off for Otumba, in the expectation of finding them and of a fine peach color, we arrived at about two-near that place; a ride of two hours over a fine counthirds of the height of the hill, almost exhausted with try, on which the number of handsome Spanish our exertions; and, great, indeed, was our disappoint-churches and haciendas exceeds that of any part ment, when we found that our guide had mistaken of Mexico through which I had yet travelled. We the situation, and did not know exactly where we were. Greatly chagrined, we began to retrace our steps; and, luckily, in a few minutes, perceived the object of our search. It was cut in the solid rock, and standing out like a martin's nest from the side of a house. It is not only an extraordinary bath, but still more extraordinarily placed. It is a beautiful basin, above twelve feet long, by eight wide, having a "We had thunder all the afternoon, and towards well about five feet by four deep, in the centre, surrounded by a parapet or rim, two feet six inches evening it rained in torrents, so that the dry beds of high, with a throne or chair, such as is represented the rivers were in an hour filled, and poured their in ancient pictures to have been used by the kings.muddy, waters in floods to the Mexican Lake, where There are steps to descend into the bason or bath: depositing the earthly parts, it must in a short time be the whole cut out of the living porphyry rock, with filled up. Upon descending the mountain, we first the most mathematical precision, and polished in the caught a view of the two pyramids on a plain in front most beautiful manner. This bath commands one of of us, at about five or six miles distant, and another the finest prospects in the Mexican valley, including hour brought us, drenched with rain, just before dark, the greater part of the lake of Tezcuco, and the city into Otumba, the first place reached by Cortez after After a stroll round the city, which is of Mexico, from which it is distant about thirty his defeat. said to have contained fifty thousand inhabitants, we miles. "Night was fast approaching, and the sky portend-examined two curious ancient columns, richly sculping a thunder-storm, we were obliged to depart; and tured; called upon the Padre, but he could give us no now I had occasion to regret the hours I had unpro-information respecting the pyramids, although they fitably lost at the cock-fight. I had just time to make were in full view from the windows of his house. a hurried sketch for a model, and my son to take a We then left this wretched and deserted place, where slight drawing, when we were reluctantly forced to even the water is so bad that necessity alone can inquit a spot which had been the site of a most singular duce any person to use it, and proceeded to the stuand ancient residence of the former monarchs of the pendous remains, from which we were now distant country. As we descended, our guide showed us in 'about a league and a half. As we approached them,

arrived at the commencement of the mountains, on which there was not a vestige of vegetable soil or vegetation, the whole being a soft iron colored store, in which the continual passing of horses had worn deep tracks up to the animal's knees, and not more than fourteen inches wide, in which tracks it is very requisite to keep, in order to save the travellers from a worse road.

the square and perfect form of the largest became at every step more and more visibly distinct, and the terraces could now be counted. We rode first to the lesser, which is the most dilapidated of the two, and ascended to the top, over masses of falling stone and ruins of masonry, with less difficulty than we expected. On the summit are the remains of an ancient building, forty-seven feet long and fourteen wide; the walls are principally of unhewn stone, three feet thick and eight high; the entrance at the south end, with three windows on each side, and on the north end it appears to have been divided at about a third of its length. At the front of the building, with the great pyramid before us, and many smaller ones at our feet, we sat down to contemplate the scene of ancient wonderswhere the eye takes in the greater part of the vale of Mexico, its lake and city, and commands an extensive view of the plains beneath, and the mountains that bound the west of the valley.

I think there can be little doubt, that these immense structures; which vie with the pyramids of Egypt, were, at the period we are speaking of, in the same state in which they are now; and that it was on ascending one of them that Cortez beheld the approach of the great Indian army. There is no other eminence near, which could have answered the purpose; and if these had been objects of veneration, as temples, or places of military strength, of the people, then in use, they would, no doubt, have been defended, and he would not have been permitted to have approached them. On descending, we partook of some refreshment we had brought with us, and our Indian guide procured us some pulqe, which was very acceptable. I went to a cottage, close by, in which were several children, almost in a state of nature. I tried to intice them by presents, but could not prevail on them to come near me: they seemed much terrified at our white faces and odd dress. We mounted and rode to the several small barrows that are scattered in various directions round the base of the second, and on the road to the largest pyramid; in some places they formed regular streets running east and west.

"Not far from the great pyramid, near a gate, lay an enormous stone, with a few sculptured ornaments, It is, apparently, of great antiquity. A boy, who had followed us, observing that we viewed it with attention, took my son a little distance through a plantation, and showed him another of great dimensions, covered with sculpture, with a hole in the top-he supposed it a stone of sacrifice.

namental pieces of earthenware, the pattern, of one of which is in relief, much resembling those of China; the other has a grotesque human face. On the northeast side, at about half way down, at some remote period, an opening has been attempted. This should have been from the south to the north, and on a level with the ground, or only a few feet above it; as all the remains of similar buildings have been found to have their entrances in that direction. Doct. Oteyza, who has given us the measure of these pyramids, makes the base of the largest six hundred and forty five feet in length, and one hundred and seventy-one in perpendicular height. I should certainly consider, that the latter measurement is considerably too little, and that the altitude is about half the breadth. As to the age of the pyramids, and the people by whom they were erected, all must be a matter of mere conjecture; no one whom I could meet with in Mexico knew or cared any thing about them. None of the inhabitants had ever been to see them, though, from the cathedral, both of them, as well as Tescosingo, containing the bath of Montezuma, are distictly visible. Yet no person in the neighborhood could give me the least information respecting these wonderful structures: on asking an old Indian woman we met near the pyramids, if she could tell who made them, she replied, “Si Signior, St. Francisco."

"The result of this little excursion of three days, has thoroughly convinced me of the veracity of the Spanish writers, whose account of the cities, their immense population, their riches, and progress of the arts among the Mexicans, are doubted by those who have never seen the country. I firmly believe all that the intelligent and indefatigable Abbe Clavigero has related of his countrymen-Had Monsieur de Pauw, or our better informed countryman, Robertson, passed one hour at Tezcuco, Tescosingo, or Huexotia, they would never have supposed for a moment that the palace of Montezuma, in Mexico, was a clay cottage, or that the account of the immense popula¬ tion was a fiction."

We have only to add, that the volume is illustrated with excellent maps, curious engravings, &c. [London Lit, Gaz.

To the editor of the Albion.

is anarchy and confusion in the republic; that the government wants energy; and that the present order of things cannot last long. But, in spite of all the Gaichupin, cunning, and desire to perpetuate the slavery of this fair portion of the globe, in opposition to all their intrigues with the Iturbidiests, say it, for I know it, that this empire never can, never will again come under the selfish, jesuistical, and inquisitorial government of Old Spain. The republic have at their head, men who would have done honor to the most enlightened period of Greece or Rome. The present president, general Bravo, is equal to the immortal Washington in private virtue and public patriotism. As the people of these states, and in fact, most other people, are but little acquainted with Mexico, or its rulers, I propose giving a few anecdotes of some of the leading men.

I am amused when I take up the newspapers published by some of your contemporaries. One says, Iturbide was supported by the cabinet of St. James'; another, that he was assisted by the beloved Ferdinand; a third observes, "Oh! the holy alliance sent "We soon arrived at the foot of the largest pyra-him to Mexico;" another writer remarks, that all mid, and began to ascend. It was less difficult than we expected, though, the whole way up, lime and cement are mixed with fallen stones. The terraces are perfectly visible, particularly the second, which is about thirty-eight feet wide, covered with a coat of red cement, eight or ten inches thick, composed of small pebble-stones and lime. In many places, as you ascend, the nopal trees have destroyed the regularity of the steps, but no where injured the general figure of the square, which is as perfect, in this respect, as the great pyramid of Egypt. We every where observed broken pieces of instruments like knives, arrow and spear heads, of obsidian, the same as those found on the small hills of Chollula; and, on reaching the summit, we found a flat surface of considerable size, but which has been much broken and disturbed. On it was probably a temple or other building-report says a statue covered with gold. We rested some time on the summit, enjoying one of the finest prospects imaginable, in which the city of Mexieo is included. Here I found fragments of small statues and earthenware, and, what surprised me more, oyster shells, the first that I had seen in Mexico -they are a now species, and I have brought specilere home. In descending, I also found some ortho C12 Spaniards.

General Bravo and his family are Creoles of Mexico. His father and himself beheld with emotion the enslavement of their beloved country, and panted for the day of its emancipation from the bon. dange of its tyrants. They flew to arms, and the

*An appellation giyen by the Mexican Indians to

Maria de la Gloria, their daughter, was born on the 4th of April, 1819. Their second daughter, on the 21st of February, 1823.

COLOMBIA-Simon Bolivar, liberator, was born on the 15th of June, 1783, and elected president of the republic of Columbia, on the 21st of September, 1821. Francisco de Paula Santander, elected vice-presi- . dent, on the 21st of September, 1821. He, at present, administers the government of the republic, in the absence of the president.

"worker of petticoats" declared them rebels. Ge-
neral Bravo's father was taken prisoner by the vice-
roy, ironed and thrown into prison. His mother
was employed to use her entreaties with the son, who
was at the head of an army of republicans. She en-
fered the tent. "I am come from the viceroy to of
fer you an indultof and every honor the king can con-
fer on you and all your family, if you will submit to
his clemency and lay down your arms. Your father's
life will be spared, your mother and family be made
happy, and the highest honors of nobility will be
lavished on yourself and family, if you will forsake
the cause of freedom and leave the republicans." He
surveyed, for a moment, his parent while the deep-lic of Hayti.
est emotion took possession of his soul. He replied:
"that you are my mother, I have always believed;
but now I doubt it! No, madam, general Bravo
never can consent to the enslavement of his country.
Let my father die like a patriot; for I will never sell
myself and my country on such base terms." She
returned to the viceroy. His father was called out
of his dungeon and shot.

A short time after, a regiment of Spaniards, which
was considered invincible, fell in with general Bravo
and his little band of patriots. A battle ensued;
four hundred of the Europeans were slain and three
hundred taken prisoners. The general told them,
"now is my revenge." Next day he called out his
troops and ordered them to load, and, after addressing
his army, and recapitulating the many and cold-blood-
ed murders perpetrated by the royalists on some of
the richest Creole families and best patriots, he turned
to the prisoners and said "this is the moment of
shewing to my enemies and the world, the revenge
general Bravo will take upon the murderers of his
father and the oppressors of his country. I order
your release and freedom. A vessel awaits you on
the coast to carry you hence. If any one of you shall
be found in this country again, his life shall be the
forfeit. Tell your king, this is the way the republic
revenges itself on its enemies."
This is the man to whom the Mexicans have con-
fided their destinies, and the presidential chair of
government.
Your's, &c.

Sykes's Hotel.

South America.

J. II.

UNITED STATES-James Monroe, &c.
HAYTI John Peter Boyer; president of the repub-

MEXICO-D. Nicolas Bravo; D. Guadalupe Victo-
ria, and D. Pedro Celestino Negrete, elected on the
31st of March, 1823, to constitute the supreme exe-
cutive power of the Mexican republic.
PERU-D. Jose Bernardo Tagle; elected president
of the Peruvian republic, on the 12th of November,
1823.
Provinces of Rio-de-la-Pluta.

BUENOS AYRES-D. Martin Rodriguez; governor of the province.

CORDOVA-D. Juan Baptista Bustos; governor of the province.

ENTRE RIOS-D. Lucio Mancilla; governor of the provice.

MENDOZA D. Pedro Molina; governor of the province.

PARAGUAY-Dr. D. Jose Gaspar Francia; dictator of the province.

SALTA-D. Junan Ignacio Gorriti; governor of the province.

SAN JUAN-D. Salvador Carril; governor of the pro

vince."

SANLUIS--D. Pedro Ortiz; governor of the pro

vince.

SANTA FEE-D. Estanislao Lopez; governor of the province.

TUCUMAN-Dr. D. Nicholas Lagune; governor of the province.

The cabinets of the governments of South America. CHILE-Sr. D. Mariano de Egana, minister of state in the department of foreign and domestic relations. Sr. D. Diego Benavente, minister of state in the treasury department.

Sr. D. Juan de Dios Rivera, brigadier of the nation

Extracts from the National Calendar of the state of Chile, al army, minister of state in the department of war

for the year 1824.

The present year is:

Of the discovery of America,

Of national independence,

and marine:-absent.

2

2

Of the promulgation of the political constitution,
Of the administration of H. E. Senor Freire,
The sovereigns and supreme chiefs of the states of America.
CHILE-Ramon Freirey Serrano, was born on the
29th of November, 1789; was created lieutenant ge-
neral of the national forces on the 9th of August 1823;
elected provisional supreme director of Chili, by the
Congress of plenipotentiaries of the provinces of the
nation, on the 31st of March, 1823; and constitution-
ally, by the constituent congress, on the 18th of Aų-
gust of the same year.

BRAZIL-Peter I., emperor of Brazil, was born on the 12th of October, 1798. Was proclamed emperor, at Rio-de-Janeiro, on the 12th of October, 1822. Leopolda Carolina Josefa, arch-duchess of Austria, and empress of Brazil, his consort, was born on the 22d of January, 1797.

+Pardon.

BRAZIL-Jose Joaquin Carneiro de Compos: minister of state for the home department.

Luis de Cunba Moreira: minister of marine, and of foreign affairs.

Manuel Jacinta Carreia de Gama: minster of the treasury.

M. Oliveira, minister of war.

BUENOS AYRES-D. Bernardino Rivadiva; minister secretary of state in the domestic and foreign depart

ment.