tinctly from the ou, e having a long sound, and ou the sound

of short u; as in gorgeous, extraneous.

Ewe is sounded like yu in ewe.

Eye is sounded like long i.

Triphthongs commencing with i.

Ieu and iew are sounded like long u; as in view, review, lieu, purlieu.

Ious is sounded like yus; as in bilious, contagious, religious. When a liquid precedes it, it is sounded like short i and u; as in various, curious.

Triphthongs commencing with o.

Que occurs in words derived from the French language, and is sounded like oo in manœuvre. Ow is sounded like long o.

Triphthongs commencing with u.

Uai and way are sounded like way; as in quaint, qual, guaiacum Uraguay. "Uaw is sounded like wa in water; as

in squaw, a female Indian.”

"Uoi and uoy are sounded like woi; as in quoit, buoy."

FORMS OF LETTERS.

13. In the English language, three kinds of letters are used:

1. The Roman, which is far the most common. 2. The Italic.

Each of these kinds has two forms, small letters and capitals. The body of every essay is written in small letters; capitals are only used as marks of distinction.

FIRST COURSE.

How many kinds of letters are used in English? How many forms nas each kind? In what form is the body of essays written? For what are capitals used?

SECOND COURSE.

What sounds have triphthongs beginning with i? What, with o? What, with u?

RULES FOR THE USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS.

RULE 1.

§ 14. The first word that begins an essay, the first after every period, and the first in every line of poetry, should begin with a capital letter.

False use of Capitals.

a lax theology is the natural parent of a lax morality. the evils which overtake nations, are the just judgments of the almighty. cursed is the man who trusteth in man, and maketh flesh his arm.

'tis sweet, in the green Spring,

to gaze upon the wakening fields around;
birds in the thicket sing,

winds whisper, waters prattle, from the ground
a thousand odors rise,

breathed up from blossoms of a thousand dyes.

RULE 2.

The first word of interrogatives should begin with a capital letter; unless it is closely connected with a preceding question.

False use, etc.

what reason did he assign for such conduct? why did you not attend the meeting last evening? was horace there? did you ever hear mr. colburn speak? how is your father's health?

RULE 3.

Capital letters are used after exclamation points, except when they do not require a pause equal to that of a period. False use, etc.

my friend! this conduct amazes me! bless the lord, o my soul! and forget not all his benefits! what is more amiable than virtue! who can sufficiently express the goodness of our creator!

SECOND COURSE.

What is the first rule for capitals? What, the second? What, the

RULE 4.

The days of the week, and months of the year, should begin with a capital letter; and also the names of the planets. False use, etc.

on monday we went to the park, and on thursday we returned to lansingburgh. the eighth month is august. i shall go home in january. next to venus, the most brilliant of the planets is jupiter. the planet saturn revolves round the sun in a period of about thirty of our years.

RULE 5.

The names of the Deity and those of the heathen gods, should begin with capitals; as Almighty, Jehovah, God; Jupiter, Mars, Minerva, Venus, etc.

False use, etc.

the almighty god hath said it. the lord god jehovah reigneth. may the goddess minerva be propitious. the god of war is mars.

RULE 6.

The pronoun I, and interjection O, when it is not united with h, are expressed as capitals. Also when a pronoun represents the deity, it should begin with a capital.

False use, etc.

on this point i have but one opinion. o! if you only knew how my brain is tortured! yes-oh! how happy i am. you and i understand all about these things.

RULE 7.

All names of continents, countries, states, counties, towns, oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and islands, should begin with a capital letter.

False use, etc.

the mediterranean sea separates europe from africa. the isle of man is in st. george's channel. he passed through washington on his way south. he crossed the atlantic ocean in two

SECOND COURSE.

What is the fourth rule for capitals? What, the fifth? What, the sixth? What, the seventh?

weeks. we caught some noble fish in the lake bombazine. steamboats go down the hudson in twelve hours. the capital of massachusetts is boston.

RULE 8.

All names of religious sects should begin with a capital; as, Papists, Baptists, Universalists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Methodists, Friends; also the names of the different sects in idolatrous countries, should begin with a capital.

False use, etc.

the creed of the universalists favors the doctrine of universal salvation. those who adhere to the authority of the church of rome, are called papists. the friends can never be prevailed on to enlist in the army.

RULE 9.

Words derived from proper names, should begin with a capital; as, Ciceronian, Newtonian, Baconian.

False use, etc.

who does not admire the grecian and roman heroes of old! the newtonian system of philosophy has many enemies. his eloquence was of the ciceronian order. he studied english, french and italian.

RULE 10.

The names of all benevolent and other societies, and of festal days, should begin with a capital.

False use, etc.

the young men's debating society held a meeting last week. the maternal association has greatly increased since the commencement of spring. the mutual insurance company will make a dividend this month. the boston lyceum is quite flourishing. the anniversary of our national independence was celebrated in the usual spirit. where were you last christmas?

SECOND COURSE.

What is the eighth rule for capitals? What, the ninth? What, the tenth?

RULE 11.

When an object is personified, and a strictly individual idea is expressed, the name of it should commence with a capital.

False use, etc.

indulgent fancy! from the fruitful banks

of avon.

earth felt the wound, and nature from her seat,
sighing through all her works, gave signs of wo
that all was lost.

then sated hunger bids his brother thirst

produce the mighty bowl.

RULE 12.

When a direct quotation is made, or an example is given. from any specified author, the first word of each should commence with a capital; as, "Think, then act." Cicero says, "Take care that the republic receive no detriment." When the quotation is indirect, the capital is unnecessary.

False use, etc.

always remember this ancient proverb, "know thyself." our great lawgiver says, take up thy cross daily, and follow me.' solomon observes, "that pride goes before destruction."

RULE 13.

Words used to express the principal subjects of a discourse, and those of special importance; also "titles of books, and the heads of their principal divisions, should be printed in capitals." When books are merely mentioned, the chief words of their titles begin with capitals, and the other letters are small; as, "Pope's Essay on Man." Proper names are sometimes written entirely with capitals.

False use, etc.

johnson's dictionary of the english language. rollin's ancient

SECOND COURSE.

What is the eleventh rule for capitals? What, the twelfth? What the thirteenth ?