that Lord Fairfax was guilty of such unfeeling hypocrisy, such despicable affectation. But he lived in an age when scarcely any man dealt fairly with his own conscience. Certain it is, that he did not immediately break off his connexion with the regicide party, who were indeed now become the de facto government, and as such, perhaps, entitled to obedience, but not to co-operation, from those who condemned the steps whereby they had risen. On the 15th of February, just fifteen days after the King's death, he was nominated one of the new council of state; and though he refused to subscribe the test appointed by the Parliament for approving all that had been done respecting the King, and kingly power, he was, on the 31st of March, voted Generalin-Chief of all the forces in England and Ireland.

In May he made an excursion into Oxfordshire, where he put down the Levellers, who were growing very troublesome, and was made a Doctor of Laws, -a whimsical custom of the Universities to invest with academical dignities the men of the sword. He continued his tour southward, and inspected various forts, &c., in the Isle of Wight, Southampton, and Portsmouth; and near Guildfold had a rendezvous of the army, whom he exhorted to obedience. He must have had some difficulty in determining whom, under existing circumstances, they ought to obey.

On the 4th of June, he and other officers dined with the City of London, who testified their gratitude by a present of a large and weighty bason and ewer of beaten gold. The wildest levellers are not ignorant of the negotiable value of rank. The most abandoned acknowledge the moral influence of character, and the most passionate enthusiasts (if they are not physically mad) think it well to have some common sense in their service; just as the most

devoted Bacchanalians insist upon their servants keeping sober enough to carry them home, and see them to bed. No wonder, then, that the new republic were anxious to keep Lord Fairfax, who was almost the only man who brought title, property, character, and a cool brain into their councils. Perhaps, too, they hoped to make him a set-off against Cromwell. But he was weary, disappointed, no longer young his wife, who had shared his perils and promoted his efforts while she imagined that he was fighting for the establishment of a Christian church, and an effective Christian discipline, was vexed in spirit to see him led about at pleasure by sectaries, who agreed with her in nothing but a hatred of prelates and surplices. Her pride, if not his own, forbade him to be General of troops whom he could not restrain; and therefore, having found out at last, that he had no power for good, and no inclination to further evil, he resigned his commission in June, 1650, when the Scots declared for King Charles II. The Presbyterians then hoped that the re-establishment of monarchy would bring about the establishment of their church, but Fairfax prudently declined either to oppose or assist the enterprise. He resigned his office on the 26th of June; the government gave him a pension of 50007. a year, and he retired to his seat at Nun-Appleton, in Yorkshire. From that time we hear nothing of him (except that he always prayed for the restoration of the royal family), till after the death of Cromwell. When Monk appeared in the field to deliver the Parliament (which then resumed its functions) from Lambert and his soldiers, Lord Fairfax once more took the field; the Yorkshire gentry gladly obeyed his summons; on the 3rd of December, 1659, he appeared at the head of a body of gentlemen, his friends and neighbours. His name

and reputation induced the Irish brigade, of 1000 horse, to join him, which gave Monk a decided advantage. He took possession of York on the 1st of January, 1660. On the 29th of March, he was elected one of the knights of the shire for the county of York, in the short healing Parliament he gave his glad consent to the restoration of the monarchy, which he had so great a hand in destroying, and was at the head of the committee appointed to wait on the King at the Hague. Charles received him with his accustomed graciousness, and, it is said, that in a private interview, he asked pardon for all past offences. From this time to his death, he lived at his country seat in great privacy, giving himself up to study and devotion, without taking any part whatever in public affairs. The most remarkable action that has been recorded of his last eleven years, was his presenting to King Charles a copy of verses, of his own composition, to or about the horse on which his Majesty rode to his coronation, which horse was of his own stud, and given by him to the placable monarch, as a peace-offering. We regret that we cannot give the verses entire. Lord Fairfax died on the 12th of November, 1671, in the 60th year of his age, and is buried in the aisle adjoining to the south side of the chancel of Bilburgh Church, near York. He left no male issue. He was after his kind, a poet, or at least a versifier of Scripture. In Mr. Thorseby's Museum are his MS. versions of the Psalms, Canticles, and other portions of the Bible. He was, upon the whole, a very honest man.*

*From the observations of S. T. C. on this interesting life, which is written with characteristic moderation and good sense, it appears that while the father takes higher grounds than the son in the Church questions, then as now

under discussion, he is nevertheless a much stronger, or at least sterner, parliamentarian. This is significant. It shows first that the Church principles, to which the former attached so much importance, were not those of Laud, or Montague, or of the Caroline divines in general; and secondly, that in his political tenets he was more persistent, and consistent, than has sometimes been taken for granted.-D. C.

JAMES, EARL OF DERBY.

"SANS CHANGER."

SUCH is the motto of the noble house of Stanley, and well was it fulfilled in the steadfast loyalty of this brave man, and his heroic spouse. Their story, as far as it has been recorded, is but short, and we shall tell it simply; singling their acts and sufferings from the chaos of contemporary occurrences, and relating them, by themselves, "unmixt with baser

matter.'

James, seventh Earl of Derby, was the eldest son of William, the sixth Earl, by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford, and of Anne, daughter of the "great Lord Burleigh." Neither Collins, nor Lodge, mention the date of his birth, nor the place of his education, but there can be no doubt that he was instructed in all such polite and liberal learning as was supposed, in that age, to become his rank. Hardly a record remains of his youth and early manhood, except that he was one of the many Knights of the Bath appointed at the coronation of Charles I., and that he was summoned to Parliament on the 13th of February, 1628, by the title of Lord Strange. Calling the eldest sons of Peers to the Upper House, during their father's life time, was not unfrequent during the reigns of the first Stuarts. We hear nothing of his travels,