Elk Creek (Providence), at Hawkinsville; California, at Sawyer's Bar; and Lucky Bob, at Snowden. The Adeline Ricks, Eaton, and McKean mines at Callahan made a combined product of 2,400 tons of ore, yielding $13,188 in gold. At Etna Mills the Advance, Hardscrabble, Finley & Johnson, Hoodoo, Highland, Lucky Strike, and Czarina produced 1,811 tons of ore, yielding $47,663 in gold. In the Fort Jones district the Orphan and Last Chance, "Get There," Golden Eagle, and Patterson Creek (Sheba) mines made a combined output of 5,286 tons of ore, yielding $23,719 in gold. In Hawkinsville district the Providence, Easter, Gipsey, Granite Crosscut, and Red Hill mines produced 303 tons of ore, yielding $9,376 in gold. Around Yreka the Black Hawk, Eliza, Inyo, Mono, and Dividend (Mount Vernon) mines made a combined product of 5,448 tons of ore, yielding $46,388 in gold. Other deep mines were worked productively at Cecilville, Gilta, Gottville, Greenview, Hornbrook, Hilt, Oak Bar, Oro Fino, Sawyer's Bar, Scott Bar, Seiad Valley, Snowden, and Walker.

Of the placers the largest producers were the Scott River Dredging Company, at Callahan, and the Bloomer hydraulic mine at Forks of Salmon. Other notable placer producers were the Summerville hydraulic mine, at Cecilville; Northern California Mining Company (dredge), at Gottville; Nordheimer hydraulic and Sauerkraut hydraulic, at Forks of Salmon; Fernandez, at Fort Jones; Weed & Gardner sluicing mine, at Greenview; Free Trade and Myers hydraulic, Younger hydraulic, and Quartz Hill hydraulic, at Sawyer's Bar; and Seiad Mining Company's hydraulic mine, at Seiad Valley.

Of the principal placer districts of the county the Callahan district produced $45,154 in gold; Forks of Salmon district, $32,747; Fort Jones, $10,092; Hamburg, $9,946; Happy Camp, $3,918; Hawkinsville, $5,141; Oak Bar, $6,509; Sawyer's Bar, $25,072; Seiad Valley, $6,059; Scott Bar, $14,670; Walker, $3,050; and Yreka, $9,024. Placer mines were also worked productively in 1909 at Black Bear, Cecilville, Gottville, Gazelle, Gilta, Greenview, Hilt, Hutton, Nolton, Oro Fino, Rollin, and Somesbar.

TRINITY COUNTY.

In 1909 Trinity County produced 25,157.22 fine ounces in gold, valued at $520,046, and 4,427 ounces of silver, valued at $2,302, a total of $522,348, which was a decrease in value of $84,865, of which the decrease in gold yield was $82,898. There were 34 productive deep mines of the county in 1909, with an output of 9,882 tons of ore, as compared with 24 deep mines in 1908, with 20,796 tons of ore, there being 10 more mines in 1909, but a decrease of 10,914 tons of ore. The yield from the ore in 1909 was 7,342.45 fine ounces of gold, valued at $151,782, and 2,144 ounces of silver, valued at $1,115, a total value of $152,897. The 55 placers yielded 17,814.77 fine ounces of gold, valued at $368,264, and 2,283 ounces of silver, valued at $1,187, a total of $369,451. The 42 hydraulic mines yielded $357,672 in gold, 1 drift mine yielded $101, and 12 surface or sluicing mines yielded $10,491 in gold. In hydraulic mining output Trinity far exceeds any other county of the State, there being no legal restrictions in the county to compel impounding of the débris, as in most other counties of California. The largest and most productive hydraulic mine in the United States, the La Grange, is in Trinity County.

The principal deep-mine producers of the county are the Globe, at Dedrick; Brown Bear, at Deadwood; Mountain Boomer, at Denny; Surprise and Five Pines, at Trinity Center; Blue Jay, at Lewiston; Trinity-Bonanza King, at Trinity Center; Dorleska, at Dorleska; and Bullychoop, at Douglas City.

The productive deep mines at Carrville are the Golden Jubilee, New Blue Jay, and Oro Grande. In Coffee district the Gold Ridge, Clipper, Parker Gulch, Three Peaks, and Flower of Eardath produced 216 tons of ore, yielding $3,133 in gold. In the Deadwood district 2,415 tons of ore were produced, yielding $31,094 in gold, by the Amy Balch, Goodyear & Richards, Brown Bear, Jacoby, Calwick (Lappin), Venecia, and West Point mines. At Dedrick the Globe mines and the Ralston group were productive, and at Denny the Buckeye and the Mountain Boomer. At Douglas City the Bullychoop, Dixie Queen, Oriole, and Texas Jack mines produced 1,105 tons of ore, yielding $6,423 in gold. The Grizzly, Jolly Rose, and Mountain View mines are at Helena. The Daisy and Blue Jay are at Lewiston, and the Bonanza and Fairview mines are at Minersville.

Of the placers of the county, by far the most productive was the La Grange hydraulic mine, near Weaverville. Other notable hydraulic mine producers in the county are the Hupp, at Weaverville; Trinity, at Minersville; Sykes, at Trinity Center; and Unionville hydraulic, at Douglas City. The Don Juan Point, Fortune Teller, and Vance Bar, at Big Bar, made an output of $3,453 in gold. At Burnt Ranch, Carrville, Coffee, Dedrick, Denny, and Dorleska the mines made small outputs. In Douglas City district the Dry, Indian Creek hydraulic, Steiner's Flat, Spring Gulch, and Union Hill mines made a combined yield of $42,935 in gold. The Hayfork and the Helena district mines made small outputs only. At Junction City, $15,382 in gold was obtained by the following mines: Berger, Chapman, Cummings, Dolly Varden, Dannenbrink, Evans Bar, Haas, Gold Dollar, Maple Creek, Post, and Jacobs. At Lewiston, $4,137 was produced by the Adele, China Bar, and Eastman Gulch mines. Besides the Trinity were the Butler hydraulic and the Cement and Mule Creek producing placers at Minersville. At Quinby are the small placers of the New River Mining Company and the Panther Creek Bar, and at Trinity Center the hydraulic mines of the Buckeye and the Sykes Mining Company. Omitting the output of the La Grange hydraulic mine, the sum of $35,191 in gold was obtained by the following mines combined at Weaverville: Homestake and Ellerbrook Consolidated, Lucky Strike and Effie Belle, Hupp, Meckel Eros., and Sydney Hill.

TUOLUMNE COUNTY.

Mine production of Tuolumne County, Cal., 1908 and 1909.

Tuolumne County increased its gold output in 1909 above that of 1908, but the yield of silver decreased. In 1909 the county mines produced 44,780.88 fine ounces of gold, valued at $925,703, and 8,430 ounces of silver, valued at $4,384, a total of $930,087. There were 48 deep producing mines in the county, all gold, and 5 placers, of which 1 was a hydraulic mine, 3 were drift mines, and 1 a surface placer. The combined production of these placers in gold in 1909 was $5,864.

The total tonnage output of the county in 1909 was 288,618 tons of ore, of which 9 tons were sent to smelters, 2,328 tons were treated in mills for concentrating only, and the remainder was treated in gold and silver mills. The 286,281 tons treated at gold and silver mills yielded in bullion $523,858 in gold, an average of $1.83 per ton, and $3,710 in silver, or an average of a little more than 1 cent per ton, or a total saved on the plates of $527,568, an average of $1.84 per ton in gold and silver.

From this milling ore and the ore to concentrating mills 10,878 tons of concentrates were obtained, which yielded $391,131 in gold, an average of $35.95 per ton, and $633 in silver, an average of $0.06 per ton, or a total of $391,764 in gold and silver, and an average yield of $36.01 per ton.

The ore milled and concentrated yielded a total of $914,989 in gold, or an average of $3.16 per ton, and $4,343 in silver, or $0.02 per ton. The total yield of gold and silver on the plates and from concentrates was $919,332, or an average yield of $3.18 per ton.

The 9 tons of ore shipped to the smelter yielded $4,850 in gold and $21 in silver, a total of $4,871.

At Columbia the deep mines produced 945 tons of ore, yielding $21,214 in gold and $96 in silver. These were the Brown, Ethel, Experimental Gulch, Lynn, Over, Oregon, and Riverside mines. At Big Oak Flat district 11,142 tons of ore were produced, yielding $29,008 gold and $261 silver from the following mines: Mack, Grizzly, Poco Tiempo, Champion Nos. 1 and 2, Leithold, International (Nonpareil), and Ophir. In Jamestown district the Alabama, Central Mother Lode, Harvard mines, Karnac, and Texomega (Omega) mines combined produced 92,378 tons of ore, yielding $226,083 in gold and $822 in silver. The pocket mines around Sonora, from a few tons of ore, yielded $41,624 in gold and $153 in silver. At Tuolumne City 3,604 tons of ore were produced, yielding $24,732 gold and $202 silver from the following mines: Blue Lead, Parlin, Dave, Head Center, Erie, Mohican, Paymaster, and United mines. At Tuttletown the following mines and a few pocket claims produced 2,045 tons of ore, yielding $29,113 in gold and $93 in silver; Calmas (Arbona), Fuse, Gross Consolidated, Santissimo, and Wilson & Means.

Deep gold mines were also operated in 1909 at Chinese, Confidence, Quartz, Soulsbyville, and Stent. The most important deep-mine producers in the county are the App Consolidated Mining Company at Quartz, Harvard Mines at Jamestown, Eagle-Shawmut Mining Company at Chinese, Mack at Big Oak Flat, Experimental Gulch at Columbia, Bagdad-Chase Mining Company at Soulsbyville, and Mohican Mining Company at Tuolumne City.

Most of the placer mines of the county are at Columbia, but one was in operation near Jamestown.

YUBA COUNTY.

In 1909 Yuba County produced 119,479.72 fine ounces of gold, valued at $2,469,865, and 7,992 ounces of silver, valued at $4,156, a total of $2,474,021, as compared with $2,004,483 in gold and silver in 1908. The increase in value of gold for the year was $435,379, which was entirely due to increased yield of the placers, the deep mines having produced $22,181 less gold in 1909 than in 1908.

The deep mines of the county produced 1,873 tons of siliceous ore in 1909, yielding $13,760 in gold and $67 in silver. These mines are the Northern, at Brownsville; Bessie and Smithurst, at Browns Valley; Eagle, Conwell, Good Title, and Red Cross, at Dobbins; Santa Rosa, at Rackerby; Eagleville, at Strawberry Valley; and Arbucca, at Woodleaf.

Of the 26 placer mines in operation, 15 were dredges, 10 were surface or sluicing, and 1 was hydraulic. The gold yield from dredging operations was $2,441,919, from surface mines $12,527, and from hydraulic operations $1,659. These surface and hydraulic placers are mainly at Brownsville, Browns Valley, and Camptonville; and the dredging operations were in the vicinity of Marysville, with the exception of one dredge on Bear River. There are three dredging companies operating in the county. The dredging field near Marysville is now considered to be the most extensive in the State, although that at Oroville exceeded it in output of gold in 1909. Machines of the largest capacity and of the most substantial type are in use in the Marysville field and more new ones are being added yearly. The output of gold from dredging operations in this county in 1909 was $2,441,919, as compared with $1,969,079 in 1908, the increase being therefore $472,840 for the year 1909.

OTHER COUNTIES.

Colusa, Lassen, and Modoc counties.-These three counties are combined in this chapter for the reason that there was but one productive mine in each in 1909. These were the Manzanita, at Sulphur Creek, Colusa County, the Lassen, at Hayden Hill, Lassen County, and the Hess, at Adin, Modoc County. Their combined output in 1909 was 5,627.32 fine ounces of gold, valued at $116,327, and 2,813 ounces of silver, valued at $1,463, a total of $117,790 from 17,389 tons of ore.

Imperial and San Diego counties.-Imperial and San Diego are adjoining counties in the extreme southern portion of the State. The total yield of Imperial County in 1909 was 2,888.23 fine ounces of gold, valued at $59,705, and 1,007 ounces of silver, valued at $524, and 280 pounds of copper, valued at $36. The total value of the metal yield of the county was $60,265, an increase for 1909 of $53,714. The few deep mines in operation were at Ogilby and Picacho, and the larger part of the output was derived from the operations of the Picacho Basin Mining Company at Picacho. A few small placers were worked in the vicinity of Picacho. There were only six productive mines in the county in 1909. The total output of San Diego County in 1909 was 619.78 fine ounces of gold, valued at $12,812, and 3,310 ounces of silver, valued at $1,721, a total of $14,533, and an increase of $7,527 in 1909. There were 97547°-M R 1909, PT 1-19

10 deep gold mines, producing in the county in 1909, and their entire output was 1,707 tons of ore. These mines were the ClevelandPacific at Escondido; the Bailey & McLean, "O. K.," Venturina, and Ready Relief, at Banner; the Boulder Creek, at Lakeside; and the Eagle, Julian Consolidated, Owens and Old Owens, and Warlock, at Julian.

Los Angeles and Riverside counties.-Los Angeles and Riverside are contiguous counties in the southern portion of the State. In Los Angeles there were 3 deep gold mines at Neenach, Shoemaker, and Lebec, productive in 1909, with a combined output of 96 tons of ore, yielding $864 in gold and $2 in silver, a total of $866. Riverside County reported 2 copper mines in operation at Blythe in 1908, which yielded from 32 tons of ore $186 in gold, $24 in silver, and 16,117 pounds in copper, valued at $2,095, a total value for the year of $2,305.

Monterey County.-Monterey County made the nominal output of $333 in gold, and $5 in silver, from a few small placers at Jolon, no deep mines having been productive.

Madera, Merced, and Stanislaus counties. These are three adjoining counties in the center of the State. The combined output of gold of the three counties in 1909 was 11,765.19 fine ounces of gold, valued at $243,208, and 1,875 ounces of silver, valued at $975, a total value of $244,183. The deep mines are all in Madera County, and there are placers in all three counties. The deep mines are at Ahwahnee, Coarse Gold, Grub Gulch, Hildreth, O'Neals, and Raymond. The deep-mine gold of the three counties was $11,966; that from the auriferous gravels was $231,242. This included the yield of two dredging companies as well as of the other placers in the three counties named.

COLORADO.

By CHARLES W. HENDERSON.

PRODUCTION.

The total value of the production of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in Colorado for 1909, as reported from 925 productive mines, 21 of which were placers, amounted to $33,907,140, as compared with $31,948,722 in 1908, an increase for 1909 of $1,958,418. Of the total value for 1909, nearly 65 per cent represented gold, which was valued at $21,989,336, a decrease of $311,291, as compared with the yield of 1908. There was a decrease of only 2,800 fine ounces in the quantity of silver produced, but the value of this metal for 1909, at an average price of 1 cent less per ounce than in 1908, showed a decrease of $90,510. The production of copper in Colorado, which is mainly incidental to the recovery of other metals, has shown a steady though small increase since 1906. The production of this metal for 1909 was 10,922,046 pounds, as against 9,997,738 pounds in 1908, an increase of 924,308 pounds. The quantity of lead produced in 1909 was 72,167,790 pounds, an increase of 19,967,660 pounds, due to an increased tonnage of lead ores, and an increased recovery of lead from lead-zinc ores. The quantity of zinc produced was 51,210,260 pounds, an increase of 21,080,258 pounds.