gold and the quantities of silver, copper, and lead given above. The deep mines which were productive are at Bodie, Chesaw, Methow, Nespelem, Nighthawk, and Oroville. No single one of the mines in the county produced a total of over $4,000.

STEVENS COUNTY.

Stevens County, which was the most productive county of the State in 1908, dropped to second place in 1909, being exceeded in total value of output by Ferry County. In 1909 the total value of the yield of the county was $173,747, as compared with $293,104 in 1908, a decrease of $119,357. In detail, the output of the county for the year was $121,498 in gold; 21,569 fine ounces of silver, valued at $11,217; 220,146 pounds of copper, valued at $28,619; and 288,677 pounds of lead, valued at $12,413. The decrease in gold value for 1909, as compared with 1908, was $62,395; in silver it was $17,030; in copper, 28,286 pounds in quantity and $4,174 in value; in lead, 858,252 pounds in quantity and $35,758 in value. There were 11 producing mines in the county in 1909, of which 10 were deep mines and 1 a placer. Of the deep mines, 4 are gold, 3 copper, and 3 lead. Of siliceous ores there were 20,065 tons, of copper ores 2,078 tons, and of lead ores 891 tons. The decrease of tonnage for the year was 8,829 tons. The most productive gold mine is at Orient; the most productive silver mine at Chewelah; the largest quantity of copper came from Chewelah; and of lead from Bossburg. Copper was produced from mines near Chewelah, and lead from mines near Bossburg, Colville, and Northport. The most productive district in the county in 1909 was Orient, and the mine yielding the largest values was the First Thought, in that district, with an output mainly gold. The ores from this property were shipped for treatment to the Northport smelter, the Trail Smelting Company, at Trail, B. C., and the British Columbia Copper Company, at Greenwood, B. C.

WHATCOM AND WHITMAN COUNTIES.

Whatcom County reported production from 1 small quartz mine in 1909, and there were no returns received from Whitman County.

WYOMING.

By CHARLES W. HENDERSON.

PRODUCTION.

The total value of the production of gold, silver, and copper in the State of Wyoming in the calendar year 1909 was $69,028, a decrease of $264,720, as compared with that of 1908. In 1909, the gold yield was 197.66 fine ounces, valued at $4,086; the silver yield was 1,754 fine ounces, valued at $912; and the copper output was 492,539 pounds, valued at $64,030. The copper output was 1,959,510 pounds less than in 1908. There were 11 producing mines, of which 8 were deep and 3 placer mines.

The tonnage sold or treated in 1909 was 2,393 short tons, as compared with 19,031 tons in 1908. In 1909 siliceous ore mined and treated amounted to 273 tons, the remainder of the tonnage, 2,120

tons, being copper ore. Deep mines yielded $2,972 in gold, 1,742 fine ounces in silver, and 492,539 pounds of copper, or an average value per ton of $1.24 in gold, 0.73 fine ounce in silver, and 10.29 per cent of copper.

The copper yield, valued at $64,030, represented 93 per cent of the value of the State total.

Mine production of gold, silver, and copper in Wyoming in 1908 and 1909.

The decrease in the output of the three metals from Wyoming mines was due principally to the idleness of the mines and smelter of the former Penn-Wyoming Company, at Encampment, Carbon County. There were no shipments from the Copper Mountain district, which yielded ore carrying gold, silver, and copper in 1908. Albany County became the chief mineral producing county in 1909, from the operations of the Rambler Copper and Platinum Company, at Holmes. There were shipments of copper ore from Elk Mountain, near Saratoga, Carbon County, and from Hartville, Laramie County. The mines at Atlantic City (or South Pass), Fremont County, produced a small quantity of gold and silver bullion, and a shipment of copper ore was made from the Willow Creek district, Fremont County. Albany County was also credited with an increased placer yield at Holmes. The placer output of Crook and Uinta counties, combined, also increased, from Beulah and Jackson Hole, respectively.

Source of gold and silver production in Wyoming in 1908 and 1909.

Mine production of gold, silver, and copper in Wyoming in 1908 and 1909.

These three southern counties in Wyoming produced 96 per cent of the total value of the state yield.

ALBANY COUNTY.

The Rambler Copper and Platinum Company, operating the Rambler mine, at Holmes, was the principal operator in Albany County, and in Wyoming, in 1909. This company shipped 40 cars of highgrade copper ore, carrying gold and silver, during the year. The ore is reported to carry also platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, and nickel. A 50-ton concentrating plant was built in the spring of 1910 to treat the lower grade ore. The shaft on this property was 170 feet in depth, and 2,000 feet of development work was done in 1909.

The American Gold Placer Company, also near Holmes, on Douglas Creek, during two months of the year, sluiced out considerable placer gold, running 0.875 fine.

Development work only was reported by operators of mines near Centennial.

CARBON COUNTY.

The Elkhorn Copper Mining Company, in the Elk Mountain district, near Saratoga, shipped copper ore to Argo, Colo. The workings on this mine consist of a vertical shaft 133 feet deep and a tunnel 475 feet long.

The Penn-Wyoming Copper Company's mines, smelter, and railroad, at Encampment, were taken over by the United Smelters Railway and Copper Company. Some development work was done in

1909.

A number of companies near Saratoga and Encampment and near Slater, Colo., reported considerable development work in 1909.

LARAMIE COUNTY.

A small shipment of copper ore was made from Hartville in the Platte Canyon district. Development work was done on several prospects in the same district and at Rawhide Buttes.

BIGHORN COUNTY.

There was no production in this county in 1909. Some development work was done by the companies in the Wood River district, near Kirwin.

CROOK COUNTY.

The yield from Crook County came from the placer mines in Hurricane district, northwest of Trinton, S. Dak. The yield in 1909 was very small.

FREMONT COUNTY.

In 1909 Fremont County ore sold or treated, from 5 mines, was 296 short tons, which carried values of $2,102 in gold and $24 in silver, and also 2,538 pounds of copper valued at $330-a total value of $2,456, as compared with $5,583 in 1908. Of this tonnage, the bulk came from the Atlantic City, or South Pass, district, in the southcentral part of the county. A shipment of copper ore was made from the Willow Creek district, from near Shoshoni.

Atlantic and South Pass district.-The Dexter mill at Atlantic City was leased in the early part of the year by the McCandless Development Company. The mill is a 20-stamp amalgamation and cyanide plant. A small output in bullion was made. Other production, in the form of retorted bullion, was made by the operators of the Lucky Boy, the Mackey, and the Mormon Crevice mines. The X. L. Dredging Company, near Atlantic City, has been testing its 1,440 acres of placer property since 1908, and were building ditches and reservoirs in 1909-10. The Federal Gold Mining Company was engaged in development work at the Carissa mine, but no ore was treated in the company's 10-stamp amalgamation and concentration mill. The mine has been opened to a depth of 500 feet and has several thousand feet of drifts and crosscuts.

Copper Mountain and Willow Creek districts.-These districts lie near and between the towns of De Pass and Shoshoni. Only one shipment was made from this part of the county in 1909-a car of copper ore from the Shroeter prospect. Development work was done on several properties near Shoshoni.

There are several placer properties between Shoshoni and Riverton, one of which had ordered material for a dredge to be delivered in 1910.

JOHNSON COUNTY.

There was no production in this county in 1909. The operator on the La Porte mine, in the Bull Camp district, made several test runs in the 5-stamp mill on the property. Reports of development work performed were received from properties in the Bull Camp district, out from Buffalo.

SHERIDAN COUNTY.

Development work is reported from several properties.

UINTA COUNTY.

Placer gold was recovered by the Jackson Hole Mining Company from the Buffalo placer, in the Jackson Hole district,

SILVER, COPPER, LEAD, AND ZINC IN THE CENTRAL

STATES IN 1909.

(MINE PRODUCTION.)

By B. S. BUTLER and C. E. SIEBENTHAL.

INTRODUCTION.

By C. E. SIEBENTHAL.

The following is an account of the production of silver, copper, lead, and zinc in 1909 by the mines of the Central States, including Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin. The territory thus embraced lies in the great interior valley province of the United States, which extends from the Appalachian system to the Rocky Mountain front, excluding the Black Hills. Most of the mines are developed in the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of this province, but the copper range of northern Michigan comprises lavas and intercalated sediments of pre-Cambrian age.

The statistics of production in this country have been compiled by the United States Geological Survey from confidential reports by each mine in operation and represent the quantity of metals recovered or paid for in the ore that was treated or sold during the year. These reports were procured by the Bureau of the Census and the United States Geological Survey, acting in cooperation. As the statistics of metal production collected by the Bureau of the Census were obtained in connection with the general census of the industries of the United States, by visits of field agents, the time required for the work was much greater than has been necessary in previous years. This accounts for the late appearance of this report.

On account of the size and complexity of the combined schedule. used by the United States Geological Survey and the Bureau of the Census, some questions were omitted in 1909 which had previously been included in the Geological Survey schedules. Among these was the item calling for a description of new development during the year. For this reason the reviews of the Central States by districts which have heretofore been given are unavoidably omitted except for Michigan, most of whose copper mining companies publish annual reports describing their operation.

Statistics of mine production were first collected for Michigan for 1906. The mine census of all of the Central States was first undertaken for the year 1907. Its continuation for the year 1909 makes