BIBLIOGRAPHY. The more important publications in English treating of bauxite, aluminum, and aluminum salts are listed below. This list includes also the principal latest papers devoted mainly to the technology of aluminum. AUBREY, A. J. The refractory uses of bauxite: Eng. and Min. Jour., February 3, 1906, pp. 217-218. BERGER, W. F. B. Bauxite in Arkansas: Eng. and Min. Jour., April 14, 1904, pp. 606-607. BRANNER, J. C. The bauxite deposits of Arkansas: Jour. Geology, vol. 5, 1897, pp. 263-289. Engineering and Mining Journal. Bauxite brick: Issue for January 19, 1905, p. 154. HAYES, C. W. Bauxite: Mineral Resources U. S. for 1893, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1894, pp. 159-167. The geological relations of the southern Appalachian bauxite deposits: Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 24, 1895, pp. 243-254. Bauxite, its occurrence, geology, origin, economic value: Sixteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1895, pp. 547–597. The Arkansas bauxite deposits: Twenty-first Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1901, pp. 435–472. Bauxite in Rome quadrangle, Georgia-Alabama: Rome folio (No. 78), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902, p. 6. The Gila River alum deposits; Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 315, 1907, pp. 215-223. HOLLAND, T. H. The occurrence of bauxite in India: Records Geol. Survey, India, vol. 32, pt. 2, 1905, pp. 175–184. HORTON, J. The manufacture of aluminum: Trans. Eng. Soc. School of Prac. Sci., Toronto, No. 18, 1905, pp. 113-123. HUNT, ALFRED E. Aluminum (and bauxite): Mineral Resources U. S. for 1892, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1893, pp. 227-254. Bauxite: Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. 24, 1895, pp. 855-861. Aluminium: Published by Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburg, Pa., 1904, 268 pages. Institution of Mechanical Engineers, minutes of meeting, alloys of aluminum and copper: Engineering, March 8, 1907, pp. 299-307. JUDD, EDWARD K. Aluminum: Mineral industry during 1905, pp. 11–22. The bauxite industry of the South: Eng. and Min. Jour., March 23, 1907, pp. 574-575. Bauxite: Mineral Industry, vol. 16, 1908, pp. 97-102. MCCALLEY, H. Bauxite, The valley regions of Alabama: Alabama Geol. Survey, pt. 2, 1837, pp. 79-84; also descriptions of Calhoun and Cherokee Counties. MINET, ADOLPHE, translated with additions by Leonard Waldo. The production of aluminum and its industrial use: John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1st edition, 1905, 266 pages. PACKARD, R. L. Aluminum (and bauxite): Mineral Resources U. S. for 1891, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1892, pp. 147-163. 546. Aluminum: Sixteenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, pt. 3, 1895, pp. 539 Paint, Oil, and Drug Review, Aluminum paints: August 15, 1906, p. 30. Bauxite and aluminum in 1908: Mineral Resources U. S. for 1908, pt. 1, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1909, pp. 697–708. PHILLIPS, WM. B., and HANCOCK, DAVID. The commercial analysis of bauxite: Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 20, 1898, pp. 209–225. RICHARDS, JOSEPH W. Aluminum, its history, occurrence, properties, metallurgy, and applications, including its alloys: Baird & Co., Philadelphia, 3d ed., 1896. RICHARDS, JOSEPH W. The metallurgy of aluminum in 1906: Mineral industry, vol. 15, 1906, pp. 15-27; Eng. and Min. Jour., June 8, 1907, pp. 1083-1086; Eng. and Min. Jour., June 15, 1907, pp. 1147–1149. SCHNATTERBECK, C. C. Aluminum and bauxite: Mineral Resources U. S. for 1904, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1905, pp. 285–294. SPENCER, J. W. Bauxite (the Paleozoic group): Georgia Geol. Survey, 1893, pp. 214239. SPURR, J. E. Alum deposits near Silver Peak, Esmeralda County, Nev.: Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey No. 225, 1904, pp. 501–502. STACY-JONES, J. E. Light aluminum alloys: Indust. World, May 11, 1907, pp. 593596. STRUTHERS, JOSEPH. Aluminum and bauxite: Mineral Resources U. S. for 1903, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1904, pp. 265–279. SUTHERLAND, JAMES. The preparation of aluminum from bauxite: Eng. and Min. Jour., October 3, 1896, pp. 320–322. VEATCH, OTTO. Report on the bauxite deposits, Wilkinson County, Ga.: Bull. Georgia Geol. Survey No. 18, Appendix D, 1909, pp. 430–447. WATSON, T. L. The Georgia bauxite deposits, their chemical constitutents and genesis: Am. Geologist, vol. 28, 1901, pp. 25-45. Bauxite deposits of Georgia: Bull. Georgia Geol. Survey No. 11, 1904. WETHERELL, E. W. Laterite in Mysore: Mysore Geol. Dept. Memoirs, vol. 3, pt. 1, pp. 27. ANTIMONY. By FRANK L. HESS. PRODUCTION. No production of antimony ore in the United States during 1909 has been reported to the United States Geological Survey. There was, however, a considerable quantity of antimonial lead produced as a by-product in the smelting of other metals and in the refining of pig lead by the electrolytic process. As most of the antimony used goes into lead alloys, antimonial lead is a convenient form in which to handle antimony and there is no necessity for separating it from the lead. Besides the production of antimonial lead, a large quantity of antimony was recovered from various wastes, such as drosses, residues, old type, babbitt metal, journal bearings, etc." Of this quantity, about 27 tons was recovered as antimony and 1,529 tons was recovered as a component of various alloys, a total of 1,556 tons of recovered antimony. Reports were received from 23 companies. The production of antimony in the United States since 1993 has been as follows: Year. Production of antimony in the United States, 1903–1909, in short tons. a Estimated from the average content of the ore. Estimated from the prices current for the year. Figured as 60 per cent of domestic ores only; direct figures from the smelters could not be obtained. d Estimated, using 16.3 cents as the average price per pound. • Estimated, using 8 cents as the average price per pound. f None produced from domestic ore. Figures not collected for foreign ores. Estimated, using 7.8 cents as the average price per pound. IMPROTS. Imports of antimony and antimony compounds entered for consumption during 1909 were large. The imports of antimony metal and regulus, 9,557,956 pounds, were larger than in 1908 and practi a Figures collected by John P. Dunlop, of the United States Geological Survey. cally equal to the imports for 1907; but the value, $620,117, was less than that of the smaller quantity imported in 1908 (8,089,915 pounds, valued at $771,206), and not half of the value of the nearly equal quantity imported in 1907, when imports of 9,600,901 pounds were valued at $1,407,861. In the following table the imports of antimony and antimony ore for consumption are given since 1899 in order to show the great variation in both quantity and value of the imports from year to year. Importations of salts of antimony are given only since 1903, the earliest year for which the Survey has obtained statistics: Antimony, antimony ore, and salts of antimony imported and entered for consumption in the United States, 1899-1909, in pounds. The apparent consumption for the year is the sum of the antimony imported, smelted from imported crude antimony and ore, produced in antimonial lead of both foreign and domestic origin, and recovered from secondary sources, such as old alloys, scrap, etc. If the recovery from imported crude antimony and ore is taken as about 50 per cent of the gross weight, the sum of the items named is 9,558 tons. This is exclusive of the antimony contained in oxide and salts, which would probably add 200 or 300 tons more. The real consumption would have to take into account the stocks of antimony held at the beginning and the end of the year, and the imports and exports of type metal and of other antimonial alloys. PRICES. The price of antimony was fairly steady during 1909. According to the annual statistics issued by "The American Metal Market," of New York, the year opened with an average price for Cookson's of 8.11 cents during January. The price dropped until it averaged 7.95 cents during March. There was then a gradual rise, and during August the average price was 8.55 cents. Prices then gradually dwindled until November, during which month and December the average price per pound was 8.375 cents. The average price of Cookson's for the year was 8.27 cents per pound. Other brands were one-eighth to one-half cent less per pound. BISMUTH. By FRANK L. HESS. Production. The only production of bismuth in the United States during 1909 reported to the United States Geological Survey was made by the United States Metals Refining Company as a by-product at its electrolytic lead refinery (Betts process), at Grasselli, Ind. The bismuth is obtained from the anode muds of lead bullion. The bullion comes largely from the Utah lead ores smelted at the company's plant at Bingham Junction, Utah. Most of the lead ores carrying bismuth come from the Tintic district, but the company buys bismuth-bearing lead, gold, and silver ores from other districts and States. More was recovered in 1909 than in previous years. As the output is that of a single firm, the figures may not be disclosed. The Monsanto Chemical Company's electrolytic lead plant at St. Louis was idle during 1909. It was built to operate on bismuthbearing bullion from Mexico, but the bullion produced at the mine on which it expected to draw was sent to England for refining. Many tungsten ores carry bismuth, and one company is known to save it as a by-product when reducing the tungsten. Some bismuth is recoverable in the electrolytic copper refineries, and experiments have been carried out toward this end, but no saving has yet been reported to the United States Geological Survey. It seems entirely possible that the United States may in time put its markets beyond foreign domination by saving the bismuth which at present goes to waste in various smelting industries. Bolivia is the principal bismuth-producing country, and from it, during 1909, bismuth ore amounting to 481,215 pounds, valued at $188,574, was exported. Smaller quantities were produced in Queensland, New South Wales, and Tasmania. Other countries that are either actual or possible producers of bismuth are Bohemia, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Saxony, and Spain. Imports. The imports of metallic bismuth for consumption during the last six years have been as follows: Imports for consumption of metallic bismuth into the United States, 1904–1909, inclusive, in pounds. a Figures furnished by the Bureau of American Republics, Washington, D. C. |