In presenting these statistics all unnecessary duplication has been avoided. The coke product, for example, discussed in the following pages and amounting in 1909 to 39,315,065 short tons, valued at $89,965,483, is excluded from the tabular statement, as the quantity and value of the coal used in its manufacture are included in the statistics of coal production. Similarly, white lead, red lead, litharge, and orange mineral, whose average aggregate value for the last 10 years has exceeded $15,000,000, are not given in the table, the base from which they are made being included in the output of pig lead. Zinc oxide, zinc lead, sublimed blue lead, and sublimed white lead, made directly from the ores, and consequently not included in spelter or lead production, are tabulated. The production of pig iron and its value are given in the table as the best means of presenting the statistics of the production of iron in the first marketable condition. The statistics of the production of iron ores are treated in a separate chapter, but are not included in the general statement of mineral products. The quantity and value of the production of iron ores are also shown in a footnote to the table of mineral products. In like manner the value of clay products is given as representing the first marketable condition of the clay resources of the country. Inflation of valuation and all unnecessary duplication are thus avoided as far as practicable. In accordance with a change in the law (sundry civil appropriation act, approved May 27, 1908) governing the publication of this report, it will henceforth appear in two volumes, the first containing the statistics of the metals, and the second the statistics of the nonmetallic products of the country.

The discussion of the production of metals in the United States from domestic and foreign ores appears for the first time in this series of reports in the chapter on that subject by Waldemar Lindgren, published in this volume.

The discussion of the movement of Lake Superior iron ore also appears for the first time in this series in the chapter by John Birkinbine on that subject.

As heretofore, the publication of this report has been anticipated by the issue in advance, in pamphlet form, of the several chapters which compose it.

SUMMARY OF THE MINERAL PRODUCTION OF THE

UNITED STATES IN 1909.

COMPILED BY W. T. THOM.

GENERAL REMARKS.a

The varied character of the units of measurement employed in the. mineral industry makes it impossible to compare the outputs of the several minerals, except in the value of the products.

In 1905, for the first time, and in 1906, for the second time, the total value of the domestic mineral production exceeded the enormous sum of $1,500,000,000; and in 1907, for the first time, the still greater sum of $2,000,000,000 was exceeded.

In 1908 the disastrous results of the financial depression of the latter part of 1907 became only too apparent in the decrease in value of the mineral output, which declined for the year to about $1,595,000,000 from over $2,000,000,000 in 1907. In 1909 the general recovery in business carried the value of the domestic mineral production up to $1,886,144,323 from $1,594,643,260 in 1908, as compared with $2,071,607,964 in 1907, with $1,904,007,134 in 1906, and with $1,625,135,835 in 1905; a gain in 1909 from 1908 of $291,501,063, or 18.28 per cent; a loss from 1907 of $185,463,641, or 8.95 per cent; from 1906 of $27,862,711, or 1.46 per cent, and an increase over 1905 of $261,008,488, or 16.06 per cent.

As heretofore, iron and coal are the most important of our mineral products. The value of iron in 1909 was $419,175,000; the value of coal was $554,902,624. The fuels coal, natural gas, and petroleumincreased from $716,660,749 in 1908 to $746,358,348, a gain of $29,697,599, or 4.14 per cent. Anthracite coal showed a decrease in value of $8,763,002 from $158,178,849 in 1908 to $149,415,847 in 1909. The increase in value of the bituminous coal output from 1908 was $31,351,509, from $374,135,268 in 1908 to $405,486,777 in 1909, an increase in the value of coal of $22,588,507, or 4.2 per cent.

The gain of $291,501,063 in the total value of our mineral production was due to gains in both metals and nonmetals, the metals, showing an increase from $549,923,116 in 1908, to $753,427,290 in 1909, a gain of $203,504,174, and the nonmetals showing an increase from $1,044,470,144 in 1908 to $1,132,417,033 in 1909, a gain of $87,946,889. To these products should be added estimated unspecified products including bismuth, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, and other mineral products valued at $300,000, which bring the total value of the mineral production for 1909 up to $1,886,144,323.

• The imports cited in this summary and in the volume are "imports for consumption," which may or may not be identical with the "total imports" for the calendar year. Merchandise brought into the country late in December, for example, may be entered for consumption or it may be put into a warehouse and not be withdrawn for consumption until some months later. It will then be credited for consumption to the year of its withdrawal from the warehouse.

Add 1,289,826 barrels, valued at $812,590, to production of Portland cement in Indiana in 1909. Correction received too late for insertion.

METALS AND ORES.

Metals and metallic ores.-According to the report, published for the first time in this series in the volume for 1909, the output of metals in the United States in 1908 from domestic ores was valued at $530,408,214 and from foreign ores at $110,084,397, the total value being $649,779,613; the output in 1909 from domestic ores was valued at $720,033,414 and from foreign ores at $134,975,570, the total value being $870,445,230. The output of crude metallic ores of all kinds from domestic mines amounted in 1908 to 85,627,624 short tons, and in 1909 to 112,056,302 short tons.

Fron and steel.-Twenty-three States produced pig iron in 1909, as against 23 in 1908, 21 in 1907, 20 in 1906, and 20 in 1905. The total production of pig iron in 1909 was 25,795,471 long tons, as against 15,936,018 long tons in 1908, 25,781,361 long tons in 1907, 25,307,191 long tons in 1906, and 22,992,380 long tons in 1905. The production in 1909 showed an increase in quantity of 9,859,453 long tons, or 61.86 per cent, over the production of 1908, and an increase in value from $254,321,000 in 1908 to $419,175,000, amounting to $164,854,000, or 64.82 per cent. The average price per long ton of pig iron decreased from $20.56 in 1907 to $15.96 in 1908, and rose to $16.25 in 1909. The average prices of pig iron per long ton in 1906 and 1905 were: 1906, $19.98; 1905, $16.63. The imports of pig iron in 1908 (including pig iron, valued at $501,885; scrap, valued at $42,715; ferrochrome, $6,423; ferromanganese, $1,860,664; ferrosilicon, $281,590; ferrotungsten, $488; spiegeleisen, $125,054) were valued at $2,818,819; in 1909 the imports (including pig iron valued at $883,778; scrap, $773,529; ferrochrome, $43,504; ferromanganese, $3,396,381; ferrosilicon, $430,169; ferrotungsten, $93,205; spiegeleisen, $353,447; ferrophosphorus, $5,380) were 238,710 long tons, valued at $5,979,395. The exports (including scrap) were valued at $1,908,569 in 1907, at $1,118,926 in 1908, and at $1,399,151 in 1909.

Iron ore. The production of iron ore in 1909 amounted to 51,297,271 long tons, as compared with 35,983,336 long tons in 1908, with 51,720,619 long tons in 1907, with 47,749,728 long tons in 1906, and with 42,526,133 long tons in 1905. The value at the mines of the ore mined in 1909 was $110,290,596, as compared with $81,845,904 in 1908, with $131,996,147 in 1907, with $100,597,106 in 1906, and with $75,165,604 in 1905. As in the ten preceding years the production of iron ore in the United States in 1909 was never equaled by that of any other country. The imports of iron ore in 1909 were valued at $4,579,078, against $2,220,133 in 1908 and $3,937,483 in 1907. The exports in 1909 were valued at $1,365,325, as against $1,012,924 in 1908 and $763,422 in 1907.

Manganese ore. The production of manganese ore was 4,118 long tons, valued at $36,214 in 1905; 6,921 long tons, valued at $88,132, in 1906; 5,604 long tons, valued at $63,369, in 1907; 6,144 tons, valued at $62,779, in 1908; and 1,544 tons, valued at $19,675, in 1909. The average price per ton was $8.80 in 1905, $12.73 in 1906, $11.31 in 1907, $10.22 in 1908, and $12.74 in 1909. Manganiferous ores, carrying from 20 to 40 per cent of manganese, were produced to the extent of 68,654 long tons, valued at $215,925, in 1909, as against 55,620 long tons, valued at $132,556, in 1908; 103,844 long tons, valued at $259,473, in 1907; and 41,300 long tons, valued at $122,400,

in 1906. The imports of manganese ore in 1909 were 212,765 long tons, valued at $1,405,329, as against 178,203 long tons, valued at $1,350,223, in 1908, and 209,421 long tons, valued at $1,793,143, in 1907.

Gold. The production of gold increased from 4,265,742 fine ounces, valued at $88,180,700, in 1905 to 4,565,320 ounces, valued at $94,373,800, in 1906. It decreased in 1907 to 4,374,827 ounces, valued at $90,435,700, a loss in 1907 of 190,506 ounces in quantity and of $3,938,100 in value. In 1908 the output increased to 4,574,340 ounces, valued at $94,560,000, and in 1909 to 4,821,701 ounces, valued at $99,673,400, a gain in 1909 of 247,361 ounces in quantity and of $5,113,400 in value.

Silver. The production of silver increased in quantity from 56,101,600 ounces in 1905 to 56,517,900 ounces in 1906; it decreased to 56,514,700 ounces in 1907, and to 52,440,800 ounces in 1908. The quantity increased to 54,721,500 ounces in 1909, a gain of 2,280,700 ounces. It increased in commercial value from $34,231,976 in 1905 to $38,256,400 in 1906, and decreased to $37,299,700 in 1907 and to $28,050,600 in 1908; in 1909 the commercial value was $28,455,200, a gain over 1908 of $404,600.

Copper. The production of copper increased from 901,907,843 pounds, valued at $139,795,716, in 1905 to 917,805,682 pounds, valued at $177,595,888, in 1906; decreased in 1907 to 868,996,491 pounds, valued at $173,799,300; increased in 1908 in quantity to 942,570,731 pounds and decreased in value to $124,419,335; increased in 1909 in quantity to 1,092,951,624 pounds, a gain of 150,380,903 pounds, and increased in value to $142,083,711, a gain of $17,664,376. The imports in 1909 were valued at $38,762,951, against $29,664,129 in 1908 and $46,912,347 in 1907. The exports in 1909 were valued at $93,919,956, against $91,809,675 in 1908 and $103,252,917 in 1907. Lead. The production of lead in 1909 was 354,188 short tons, as against 310,762 short tons in 1908, 365,166 short tons in 1907, 350,153 short tons in 1906, and 302,000 short tons in 1905. The value of the production in 1909 was $30,460,168, as compared with $26,104,008 in 1908, with $38,707,596 in 1907, with $39,917,442 in 1906, and with $28,690,000 in 1905. The imports of lead were valued at $861,506 in 1909, as against $516,244 în 1908 and $1,082,944 in 1907. The exports were valued at $509,542 in 1909, against $599,640 in 1908 and $686,096 in 1907. The imports of type metal were valued at $532,108 in 1909 and at $156,847 in 1908.

Zinc. The production of zinc in 1909 was 230,225 short tons, as against 190,749 short tons in 1908, 223,745 short tons in 1907, 199,694 short tons in 1906, and 203,849 short tons in 1905. The value of the zinc production in 1909 was $24,864,300, as compared with $17,930,406 in 1908, with $26,401,910 in 1907, with $24,362,668 in 1906, and with $24,054,182 in 1905. The imports of zinc were valued at $2,207,155 in 1909, against $753,461 in 1908, and $1,846,445 in 1907; the exports were valued at $1,222,173 in 1909, against $1,683,887 in 1908 and $1,401,831 in 1907.

Bauxite. In 1909 the production of bauxite was 129,101 long tons, valued at $679,447, as compared with 52,167 long tons, valued at $263,968, in 1908; with 97,776 long tons, valued at $480,330, in 1907; with 75,332 long tons, valued at $368,311, in 1906; and with 48,129 long tons, valued at $240,292, in 1905. The imports for consumption

in 1909 were 18,688 long tons, valued at $83,956, as against 21,679 long tons, valued at $87,823, in 1908, and 25,066 long tons, valued at $93,208, in 1907.

Aluminum.-The consumption of aluminum during 1909 was 34,210,000 pounds, valued at $6,575,000, as against 11,152,000 pounds, valued at $2,434,600 in 1908; 17,211,000 pounds, valued at $4,926,948 in 1907; 14,910,000 pounds, valued at $4,262,286 in 1906; and 11,347,000 pounds, valued at $3,246,300 in 1905. The imports of aluminum salts in 1909 were valued at $29,061, against $24,929 in 1908. The exports of manufactures of aluminum were valued at $567,375, against $330,092 in 1908.

Quicksilver. The production of quicksilver during 1909 amounted to 21,075 flasks, as against 19,752 flasks in 1908, 21,567 flasks in 1907, 26,238 flasks in 1906, and 30,451 flasks in 1905. The value of the quicksilver produced in 1909 was $888,710, as compared with $824,146 in 1908, with $828,931 in 1907, with $958,634 in 1906, and with $1,103,120 in 1905. California reported 16,078 flasks, as against 16,984 flasks in 1908, 17,431 flasks in 1907, 20,310 flasks in 1906, and 24,635 flasks in 1905. Texas reported 4,188 flasks, as against 2,383 flasks in 1908, 3,686 flasks in 1907, 4,761 flasks in 1906, and 4,723 flasks in 1905. Utah did not report any production in 1909 or 1908, as against 450 flasks in 1907, and 1,164 flasks in 1906. Oregon and Nevada combined reported 809 flasks in 1909. Arizona had no production in 1909. Oregon and Arizona combined reported 386 flasks in 1908, as against no production in 1907, and 3 flasks from Oregon in 1906. The imports were valued at $8,203 in 1909 and at $8,216 in 1908; the exports at $266,243 in 1909, as against $124,960 in 1908.

Chromic iron ore.-California and Wyoming produced chromite commercially during 1909, the quantity being 598 long tons, valued at $8,300, as compared with the output in California alone of 359 long tons, valued at $7,230 in 1908; with 290 long tons, valued at $5,640 in 1907; with 107 long tons, valued at $1,800 in 1906; and with 22 long tons, valued at $375 in 1905. The imports in 1909 were 39,624 long tons, valued at $460,758, as against 27,876 long tons, valued at $345,960 in 1908, and 41,989 long tons, valued at $491,925 in 1907.

Molybdenum minerals.-No production of molybdenum was reported in 1908 or in 1909. There was a small commercial production in 1907 as in 1906 and 1905.

Nickel. The production of nickel in 1908 and 1909 is included under unspecified products. There was no production of metallic nickel reported in 1907 as in 1906 and 1905, only a small quantity of nickel and colbalt ore being reported as sold. The imports of nickel in 1909 were valued at $3,036,273, as against $2,497,585 in 1908, $2,243,026 in 1907, and $1,902,367 in 1906; the exports in 1909 were valued at $4,101,976, as against $3,297,988 in 1908.

Titanium ore. A production of rutile estimated at $10,000 was reported from Virginia in 1909; none was reported in 1908. There was a small output from Virginia in 1907.

Tungsten ore.-The commercial production of concentrated tungsten ores during 1909 amounted to 1,619 short tons, valued at $614 370 as against 671 short tons, valued at $229,955 in 1908; 1,640 short tons, valued at $890,048 in 1907; 928 short tons, valued at $348,867 in 1906; and 803 short tons, valued at $268,676 in 1905.

Uranium and vanadium minerals.-A small output of vanadium was reported from Colorado in 1909, but no uranium. No output of