if it contains any added poisonous ingredient or ingredient injurious to health. Mixtures or compounds recognized as ordinary articles of food or drink may be sold if not injurious to health, if containing all necessary and no unnecessary ingredient, and if distinctly labeled as such.

Manufacturers or sellers of food or drugs must furnish to any person demanding it and tendering the value a sufficient sample of any article. Penalty for violation of law, $25 to $100 or imprisonment 30 to 100 days, or both, together with necessary costs and expenses incurred in inspecting and analyzing the adulterated articles. (Gen. Stats., 1897, secs. 327-331, passed in 1889. Compare less detailed provisions in secs. 324–326.)

Unwholesome provisions.-Any person selling diseased or unwholesome provisions without making their character fully known to the buyer may be imprisoned not more than 6 months or fined not over $100. (Gen. Stats., sec. 324.)

Vinegar. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell as cider vinegar any article not the product of pure apple juice. Every person manufacturing cider vinegar shall brand each package as such with his name and place of business. The law prohibits the manufacture or sale of vinegar containing lead, sulphuric acid, or other injurious ingredient. Penalty, $50 to $100. (Laws of 1891, ch. 1.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk. It is unlawful to sell to any person or to bring to a cheese or butter factory milk adulterated with water or other substance, or from which cream has been taken or from which the strippings have been withheld, or milk which is tainted or partly sour from want of proper care in keeping utensils after notification of such taint or carelessness. The law also prohibits the sale of milk from a diseased cow. Cheese and butter manufacturers are prohibited from taking cream from milk brought to them without the consent of the owners thereof. It is unlawful to use poisonous or injurious material in manufacturing cheese or butter. Penalty, $25 to $100 and double damages to the person injured. (Gen. Stats., 1897, secs. 322, 323.)

KENTUCKY.

Adulteration of food.-The adulteration or misbranding of any article of food or the sale of such adulterated or misbranded article is prohibited. The term "misbranded" is carefully defined. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if any inferior substance has been substituted for it: if any valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter or the flesh of an animal which has died otherwise than by slaughter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is; if it contains an added poisonous or injurious ingredient or an antiseptic not evident to the consumer, or if it is falsely labeled as a foreign product or otherwise falsely labeled. Articles which are adulterated, but which contain no injurious ingredient, may be manufactured and sold if labeled "adulterated" or so as to show their exact character. Manufacturers of proprietary foods are not required to disclose their trade formulas, but baking powder must be labeled to show what acid salt has been used.

The director of the agricultural experiment station may approve a guaranty of purity issued by any manufacturer located in the State.

Enforcement. The director of the experiment station is charged with the enforcement of the law. He may adopt standards where not fixed by statute. He may appoint inspectors who shall have access to places where it is suspected that adulterated articles exist, and who may take samples. State attorneys are required to prosecute at the request of the director. The experiment station may issue bulletins giving the results of analyses and similar facts. The total expense of enforcing the law is limited to $7,500 yearly. (Laws of 1900, ch. 13.)

Vinegar.-All packages containing vinegar shall be so marked as to describe the process of manufacture and the material from which the vinegar is made, whether from fruit, malt, grain, or acid. Penalty for misbranding, $25 to $100. (Statutes of Kentucky, 1900, sec. 1282.)

Honey. It is unlawful to sell any manufactured honey unless designated as such, or manufactured honey which contains any substance injurious to health. Penalty, $10 to $100 for first offense; $50 to $250 for subsequent offenses. (Ibid., sec. 1281.)

Canned goods.-Every can of fruit, vegetables, or other article of food shall be marked with the name and address of the packer or the dealer, and with an

indication of the grade or quality. "Soaked" goods shall be plainly marked as such in letters not less than 2-line pica size. Penalty, not less than $50 for venders; $500 to $1,000 for manufacturers. (Ibid., sec. 1283a.)

Lard. The law prohibits the sale of any substance in imitation of lard not produced from the fat of healthy swine, unless plainly marked to show its true character. (Ibid., sec. 1283.)

Butter.-No person shall sell any compound in imitation of butter which is not made from pure milk or cream, unless each package be plainly marked to indicate its true character. (Ibid., sec. 1283.)

The general pure food law declares that oleomargarine and kindred compounds may be sold only in such form as to advise the consumer of their character, free from coloration or ingredient causing them to look like butter.

LOUISIANA.

Adulteration of food.-The manufacture and sale of adulterated food or drugs is subject to a fine of not over $50 for the first offense and not over $100 for subsequent offenses. Drugs are deemed adulterated if they fall below the standard of the United States Pharmacopoeia or their own proposed standard. Foods are adulterated if any substance has been mixed with them so as to lower their quality or strength, or if any inferior substance has been substituted in whole or in part; or if any substance has been mixed with them which will injuriously affect the health of the consumer or of the public. All packages containing drugs or provisions must be distinctly stamped or marked with the true name and quality of the contents. The manufacture or sale of such articles without a stamp is subject to a fine of $25 or $50, or to imprisonment of not more than 10 days, or both; while the sale of articles falsely stamped is subject to a fine not over $100.

The State board of health shall enforce the act, shall make all necessary investigations, and shall analyze any article which it may deem wise and publish the result of the analysis. Every manufacturer or dealer must furnish samples on application. The board shall also analyze articles on the application of any citizen on payment of certain fees. (Acts of 1882, ch. 82.)

Unwholesome food. It is unlawful to sell tainted provisions, stale vegetables, or other articles unfit for food, or to slaughter or to sell the flesh of an animal in an unhealthy condition. It is unlawful to discharge from a train or steamboat cattle or other animals in a diseased condition within 2 miles of a city. Penalty, $25 or 3 months imprisonment for first offense, and $50 or not less than 6 months imprisonment, or both, for subsequent offenses. (Acts of 1880, ch. 20.)

Glucose. The law prohibits the sale of sugar or molasses adulterated with glucose or any foreign substance, unless so distinctly branded. Penalty, imprisonment not over 6 months and fine of $200 to $1,000. (Acts of 1886, ch. 49.) Cleaning of rice. The law prohibits the use of oil, paraffin, or any similar substance in cleaning rice for market for the purpose of bettering its appearance. (Acts of 1898, ch. 184.)

Adulterated candy. The manufacture or sale of candies adulterated with terra alba, barytes, talc, or other earthy substance, or with poisonous colorations or flavors or other injurious ingredients, is a misdemeanor. (Acts of 1898, ch. 68.) Adulterated butter.-The sale of any substance in imitation of butter is prohibited unless it be so labeled as unmistakably to indicate its true composition. Penalty, fine or imprisonment, or both. (Acts of 1886, ch. 81.)

MAINE.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Adulteration of food.-It is unlawful to adulterate an article of food or drink in such a way as to render it injurious to health. Penalty, imprisonment not over 5 years or fine not over $1,000. (Rev. Stats., ch. 128, sec. 1.)

Unwholesome food.—It is unlawful to sell an article of food which is diseased or otherwise unwholesome without informing the buyer. The law prohibits the killing for sale of a calf less than 4 weeks old or the sale of its flesh. (Ibid.) Vinegar. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell as cider vinegar any article not the legitimate product of pure apple juice. Penalty, $50 to $100.

The manufacture or sale of vinegar containing lead, sulphuric acid, or other injurious ingredient, is punishable by fine of not less than $100. Local authorities may appoint inspectors of vinegar. (Ibid., secs. 8–10.)

Sugar and molasses.-The adulteration of sugar or molasses with salts of tin, terra alba, glucose, or other enumerated substances, or the knowing sale of such

adulterated articles, is punishable by fine of not over $1,000 or imprisonment not over 1 year. (Ibid., sec. 7.)

Maple sugar.-No person shall manufacture or sell as maple sugar or syrup any article in imitation of pure maple sugar or syrup. Penalty, $25 to $100, or not over 30 days' imprisonment, or both. (Laws of 1895, ch. 118.)

Eggs.-It is unlawful to sell eggs that have been in cold storage, or limed, or that have been preserved in any manner, without notice to the purchaser. Penalty, fine not over $100 or imprisonment not over 30 days. (Laws of 1895, ch. 99.) Wheat meal.-No person shall manufacture, or sell, under the name of wheat meal, graham meal, or graham flour, any substance which is in imitation of pure wheat meal, not consisting exclusively of pure wheat meal, unless every package or wrapper bears, in letters one-half inch long, the words "compound wheat meal." Penalty, $50. (Laws of 1889, ch. 257.)

Candy. It is unlawful to manufacture or sell candy adulterated with terra alba or other mineral substances, or with poisonous colors or flavors, or other ingredients injurious to health, or candy containing brandy, whisky, or other alcoholic liquors in liquid form. Penalty, $50 to $100 and forfeiture of adulterated candy. It is the duty of prosecuting attorneys to enforce the law. (Laws of 1895, ch. 71.)

Lard. The law prohibits the manufacture or sale of any compound not made from pure fat of swine under the label "pure," "refined," or "family," or unless every package is marked “compound lard” in letters half an inch long. (Laws of 1889, ch. 244.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk. The law prohibits the sale of milk to which water or any foreign substance has been added, or of milk from diseased cows or from cows fed upon brewery or distillery waste or other deleterious substance. Milk from which cream has been taken must not be sold as pure. The milk standard is 12 per cent of solids, including 3 per cent of fat.

Cities and towns shall annually appoint one or more milk inspectors, who shall inspect milk and take samples. Each inspector shall leave with the owner a sealed specimen of the milk of which he takes a sample.

Penalty for violation, $20 for first offense and $50 for subsequent offenses. (Rev. Stats., ch. 38, secs. 44-47, as amended by Laws of 1893, ch. 255, and Laws of 1897, ch. 292.)

It is unlawful for any person to hold for sale the meat or milk of any animal affected with tuberculosis or any other contagious diseases. Penalty, $5 to $50. If local boards of health suspect the existence of such disease they shall notify the State cattle commissioner. It is the duty of the owner of a diseased animal to notify the local board of health. (Laws of 1895, ch. 144.)

Imitation butter and cheese.-The law forbids the manufacture or sale of any article or compound, in imitation of yellow butter or cheese, not made exclusively from milk or cream. Penalty, $200, one-third going to the complainant. Inspectors of milk and similar officers must enforce the law. (Rev. Stats., ch. 128, sec. 3, as amended by Laws of 1895, ch. 143.)

MARYLAND.

FOODS GENERALLY.

Unwholesome food.-No person shall sell diseased or unwholesome provisions of any kind for food. The act does not apply to green fruits or vegetables which spoil in transit. Penalty, not over $500 or 1 year's imprisonment, or both.

Adulterated food.-No person shall mix or stain an article of food or drink with any other ingredient, or offer such an adulterated article for sale, unless its true name and the fact of such mixture be marked or stamped on each package, and unless each purchaser is notified of its character. If oleomargarine, lard, glucose, or other adulterants be mixed with any article, the package shall be marked with the name and percentage of the adulterant used. Persons purchasing such articles must be informed by the seller as to the true composition.

Glucose. It is unlawful to mix glucose, grape sugar, or other adulterants with sugar, honey, or syrup; but such articles may be used in manufacturing candy. Candy. The law prohibits the manufacture or sale of candy adulterated with terra alba or other poisonous drugs or narcotics. Penalty, $50 to $500 for the first offense; $500 to $1,000 for the second offense; one-half to go to the informant. Persons injured by the sale of such candy may recover damages. Another law

makes it unlawful to adulterate candy or cakes with any injurious ingredient. Penalty, $50 to $500. (Laws of 1890, ch. 317; Public General Laws, art. 27, secs. 137, 138.)

Liquors and vinegar.-No person shall adulterate vinegar, wine, malt, or spiritous liquors with any injurious drug or substance, or shall sell such adulterated articles knowingly.

Penalty for violation of any of the provisions in the above paragraphs, a fine of not over $500 or imprisonment not over 1 year.

Enforcement.-The State board of health is charged with the enforcement of the above provisions and is directed to take such steps as it deems necessary for that purpose.

Any officer designated by the board may at any reasonable time inspect articles of food exposed for sale and take samples. Whenever the board is satisfied that an article has been adulterated, it may prohibit its sale, or may destroy or otherwise dispose of it. The prosecuting attorney is bound to prosecute complaints under the law. Two thousand five hundred dollars is annually appropriated for enforcing the law.

(Laws of 1890, ch. 604; Public General Laws, art. 43, secs. 48-57.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Milk.-A statute of 1900 prohibits the sale of milk which is adulterated or unwholesome, or the milk of a cow within 10 days before or 5 days after parturition, or from a sick cow, or from one fed on garbage or any substance in a state of fermentation or otherwise producing unwholesome milk, or from cows stabled near a house where there is infectious disease. The milk standard is 12.5 per cent milk solids, including 3.5 per cent butter fats. Skimmed milk may be sold only from cans so marked with letters 1 inch square. The use of chemical preservatives is specially prohibited. Penalty, not over $100 or imprisonment not over 60 days, or both. (Laws of 1900, ch. 459.)

Imitation butter.-No person shall manufacture or sell any compound in imitation of yellow butter which is not produced wholly from pure milk or cream. Oleomargarine may be manufactured and sold in separate form, in such manner as to advise the consumer of its character, free from coloration or ingredients causing it to look like butter.

Persons selling oleomargarine must maintain a conspicuous sign to that effect. Hotel and boarding-house keepers, etc., and officers of public or private hospitals, schools, and penal institutions, using imitation butter, must maintain a sign to that effect, and must notify each guest or inmate orally. It is unlawful to sell an imitation to any person asking for butter. Various penalties are imposed for violation of this law. (Laws of 1900, ch. 496.)

Condensed milk.-No condensed milk shall be manufactured or sold unless it is made from pure and wholesome milk, from which no cream has been removed, and which conforms to the milk standard. The name of the manufacturer must be marked on each package.

Penalty, $25 to $100 or imprisonment 10 to 30 days for first offense, and higher penalties for subsequent offenses. (Laws of 1900, ch.532.)

MASSACHUSETTS.

Adulteration of foods.-The adulteration of any article of food or of any drug or the sale of such adulterated articles is prohibited. A drug is deemed adulterated if it differs in strength or purity from the standard fixed by the United States Pharmacopoeia, or by such other pharmacopoeia or standard work as recognizes the article, or if its strength or purity falls below the professed standard under which it is sold. Food is deemed adulterated if any substance has been mixed with it so as to injure its quality or strength; if any inferior substance has been substituted in it; if any valuable constituent has been taken from it; if it is an imitation; if it contains diseased or decomposed animal or vegetable matter; if it is colored or otherwise made to appear better than it really is, or if it contains any added poisonous ingredient or ingredient injurious to health. Mixtures or compounds recognized as ordinary articles of food or drink may be sold if not injurious to health, and if distinctly labeled as such, with the names and percentages of the ingredients.

Penalty for violation as regards foods, $10 to $100 for venders and $100 to $500 for manufacturers. (The law relating to foods is found in Laws of 1897, ch. 344; that relating to drugs is Laws of 1896, ch. 397.)

Unwholesome food.-It is unlawful to sell diseased or unwholesome provisions without making the fact fully known to the buyer. Penalty, not over $200 or imprisonment not over 6 months. The law also prohibits the killing or the sale of the flesh of a calf under 4 weeks old, with the same penalty. (Public Statutes, 1882, ch. 208.)

Enforcement.-The State board of health, lunacy, and charity is to enforce the pure-food law. It may exempt articles, from time to time, from the provisions of the law, and may fix the limits of variability of any article not otherwise prescribed. It may appoint inspectors and chemists. Its officers have the usual powers of taking samples. (Laws of 1882, ch. 263.)

Adulteration of liquors.-A special provision prohibits the adulteration of liquors with certain enumerated drugs or other substances injurious to health. Penalty, imprisonment not over 3 years. (Public Statutes, 1882, ch. 208, sec. 4.) 66 Soaked" Canned goods.-All canned goods must be distinctly marked with the name and address of the packer or dealer, and with the grade or quality. goods must be marked as such in letter not less than 2-line pica size. Penalty. same as for foods generally. (Laws of 1897, ch. 344.)

Maple sirup and molasses.-All packages or cans containing maple sirup or molasses shall be marked with the name of the person preparing it, and the name and quality of the ingredients. (Ibid.)

," "refined," "family" shall not Lard. The law provides that the words "pure,' be used in connection with the label on any lard which is adulterated with foreign fat or on any lard substitute, and every such article shall bear in prescribed type Violators of the act are punishable by fine. (Laws the label "compound lard." of 1887, ch. 449.) Impure ice.-Cities are authorized to make ordinances to prevent the sale of impure ice. (Laws of 1895, ch. 338.)

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

State dairy bureau.-The governor appoints 3 members of the State board of agriculture to constitute a State dairy bureau; also an assistant to the secretary of agriculture to assist in enforcing the law. The secretary is the executive officer. The bureau may spend not over $4,000 yearly in enforcing the laws relating to dairy products. Its officers have the usual rights of access and inspection of dairy products. (Laws of 1891, ch. 412.)

Milk.-Cities and towns may appoint milk inspectors. They shall record the names and places of business of all persons selling or delivering milk, and issue licenses to them. Each wagon must have the number of license, name, and place of business conspicuously posted. Each seller of milk from a store or booth must also be registered.

It is unlawful to sell milk adulterated with water or any other foreign substance, or milk from cows fed on refuse of distilleries, or from diseased cows. Skimmed milk may be sold only if the words "skimmed milk" be distinctly marked in letters not less than 1 inch long on each can or vessel.

Pure milk must contain at least 9.3 per cent of milk solids exclusive of fat, and 3.7 per cent of fat, except during the months from June to August, inclusive, when the respective standards are 9 and 3 per cent. Skimmed milk must contain at least 9.3 per cent of milk solids.

Penalty for violation of law, first offense, $50 to $200; second offense, $100 to $300, or imprisonment not less than 60 days; subsequent offenses, $50 and imprisonment 60 to 90 days.

Inspectors of milk have the right to enter any premises where milk is sold and to take samples. They must give a sealed portion of each sample taken to the person in charge. No person except an authorized inspector is entitled to demand a sample for analysis. (Public Statutes, ch. 57, as amended by Laws of 1884, ch. 310; Laws of 1885, ch. 352; Laws of 1886, ch. 318; Laws of 1894, ch. 425; Laws of 1896, ch. 398.)

Condensed milk.-No person shall sell hermetically sealed cans of condensed milk unless they be distinctly labeled with the name of the manufacturer and with the true contents of the can, whether condensed pure milk or condensed skimmed milk. Packages not hermetically sealed must be labeled with the name of the manufacturer. Penalty same as for the adulteration of milk. (Laws of 1896, ch. 264.)

Imitation butter. The laws prohibit the manufacture or sale of any compound in imitation of yellow butter which is not produced from pure milk or cream, provided that oleomargarine may be sold in separate form, in such manner as will advise the consumer of its character, free from coloration or ingredient causing it to look like butter.