of these have ever been cultivated in our Eastern States, consequently little is known of their value here; but more may be in the near future, when our horticulturists and farmers begin to plant nut trees as freely as they have other kinds, or are awakened to the fact that such trees can be made a source of pleasure and profit.

Here in the Northern States our main dependence for hardy and productive trees of this species will be upon seedlings or cions from those acclimated specimens which have already been thoroughly tested and found to be both hardy and prolific. There are plenty of these, as I have stated elsewhere, and they are well worthy of attention and multiplication until something better is produced or discovered. In the meantime, the most promising European varieties could be imported and tested, although it is not probable that those originating in southern France and Italy would be of much value for planting in the latitude of New York city or north of it, but south of this line the chances of success would be somewhat greater; and to escape injury from late spring frosts, the more elevated regions are preferable to the lower and warmer anywhere in the Southern States. In anticipation of the question being asked, I will say that, at present, I do not know of any nurseryman in the Eastern States who propagates or imports named varieties of walnuts for sale. Of course, seedlings of these are offered, but it is well known that there is but a remote chance of these coming true from seed. Even the little dwarf French walnut Præparturiens, or Early Prolific, cannot be depended upon to produce dwarf or early bearing trees beyond the first generation from the nut, and these must be the product of grafted trees, to insure this much. The following list contains the names of only a few of the most noted varieties, the greater part having originated in Europe.

AILANTUS-LEAVED WALNUT. See Oriental walnuts.
See Fig. 88.-A very long

BARTHERE WALNUTS.

nut, pointed at both ends. Shell thin; kernel large and

of excellent fla

vor. Named

after M. Bar

there, a horti

a number of FIG. 89. CHABERTE. other trees; consequently, its origin is a mystery. M. Barthere says that it is very productive, and even the

BARTHERE WALNUT.

seedlings of this variety begin to bear very early.

CHABERTE.

An old standard French variety, of an oval shape; medium size, with very full and rich flavored kernel

(Fig. 89). The

tree buds and blooms late, therefore especially valuable in localities where late spring frosts are likely to occur. CHILE WALNUT.-This name is given, in a general way, to all the walnuts received in our markets from

South America. The nuts are usually of good size, with a dark grayish shell; thin but firm, with plump kernels of excellent flavor. These nuts arrive in February and March. Many of the Chile walnuts have three valves (Fig. 90), instead of the normal two. Such freaks are occasionally found among the European varieties, also in the native hickories, but these tri-valved nuts appear to be very abundant among the Chile walnuts.

CLUSTER WALNUT. RACEMOSA OR SPICATA.-Described by Mr. Gillet as a variety of the Persian walnut, producing medium, thin-shelled nuts in long clusters of from eight to twenty-eight. He also says that he introduced it into this country, but from whence we are not informed. Lavellée (1877) records it as a variety of J. regia, under the name of racemosa, giving its synonym as Juglans Californica of the horticulturists. I have not found it mentioned elsewhere. CUT-LEAVED WALNUT.-A variety with deeply cut leaves; very orna

mental, as seen in

FIG. 91. CUT-LEAVED WALNUT.

Fig. 91. Nuts quite small, but of good quality.

FRANQUETTE.-Another old standard French variety, with large, elongated-oval nuts with a distinct point. Shell thin; kernel large, and of rich flavor.

The tree blooms late; valuable for planting in the South.

GANT OR BIJOU WALNUT.-A remarkable variety on account of its extraordinary size. The shell is thin, with rather deep furrows, those of the largest size being made into ladies' companions, where to stow away gloves or handkerchiefs, hence the name "Gant" walnut.

The kernel, though, does not correspond to the size of the shell (Gillet).

GIBBOUS WALNUT (Fig. 92).-This is a very large variety, supposed to be a hybrid, raised in France many years ago. It is of little value, as the shell is very thick

and kernel small.

Valuable mainly for its immense size. KAGHAZI..

This is supposed to be a variety of the Persian walnut, of fair size, with a very thin shell. The tree blooms very late in spring, and for this reason is recommended for localities where there is danger from injury by frost. The tree is said to be a very hardy than the general

rapid grower, and much more run of varieties of this species. I have been unable to learn its origin, but it has been planted quite extensively in California, and some of our Eastern nurserymen are offering the seedling trees for sale, but whether they will possess the merits of the original or not must be determined by experience.

LARGE-FRUITED PROPARTURIENS.-A sub-variety of the Proparturiens, originating with Mr. Felix Gillet of California.

LATE PROPARTURIENS.-Also originated with Mr. Gillet. Valuable because the trees bloom late in spring. Nuts described as of medium size, but with full kernels of excellent quality.

MAYETTE.-Very large (Fig. 93), with a light-colored shell of moderate thickness. Kernel plump, readily extracted whole, as shown in Fig. 94, sweet, and a

rich, nutty flavor. Tree blooms late and is very productive. An old and standard French variety.

MESANGE OR PAPER-SHELL.-This nut has the thinnest shell of any variety known; it derives its name

Tree very produc

of Mesange from a little lark of that name, that goes to the kernel through the tender shell. tive, and the kernel quite rich in oil. ever, recommend the growing of this variety for market, on account of the thinness of the shell, which breaks off

We do not, how