CLXXXVI. Treaties with Spain and Great Britain. Alabama admitted.. CLXXXVII. The States of Maine and Missouri admitted into the Union. The CLXXXVIII. Territorial Organization of Florida. History of Florida. Apportion- ment of Representatives in Congress at various epochs... CXCII. His Election. Van Buren Vice-President. Death of John Jay. Nul- lification in South Carolina. Clay's Compromise Act.. CXCIII. His Northern Tour. Removal of the Deposits. His Second Term... 879 CXCV. Mr. Rives's Treaty with France. The Florida or Seminole War... 382 CXCVI. The great Fire in New York, December, 1835. Decease of Eminent Men, Carroll of Carollton, Randolph of Roanoke, and John Marshall. 384 tress. Insurrection in Canada. The Border Difficulties in Maine.. 88 CXCIX. The Canadian Rebellion. The Border Difficulties in Maine... CC. The Smithsonian Institute. The Patent-Office and General Post- Office Burned. The Exploring Expedition The Sub-Treasury... 892 CCI. The Democratic Party. The Whig Party. The "Harrison Can- paign." Harrison and Tyler elected. Harrison's Death......... CCII. Measures of the Extra Session. Rupture of Tyler with his Cabinet and his Party. The Webster-Ashburton Treaty. CCIII. The Tariff of 1842. The Dorr Rebellion. Fatal Explosion on the Potomac 400 CCIV. Celebration of the Completion of the Bunker Hill Monument. Iowa and Florida admitted into the Union. Annexation of Texas; its CCV. Death of General Jackson. His Character.. CCVI. The Mexican War. General Taylor's movements. Battles of Palo CCVII. Declaration of War against Mexico. Preparations. Capture of Mon- terey by General Taylor. Other places taken by the Americans. California conquered by Fremont and others.... CCVIII. The Battle of Buena Vista. Capture of Vera Cruz. March on Mexico. Battle of Cerro Gordo. Victories of Contreras and Churubusco. The Armistice. Capture of Chapultepec. Entrance of the Amer- ican Army into the City of Mexico. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. CCX. His Election and Inauguration. The Wilmot Proviso and Martin Van Buren. The Department of the Interior. California... CCXI. The Compromise Measures, or Omnibus Bill. Henry Clay. Death of President Taylor. Death of John C Calhoun. CCXII. His Accession. Signing of the Omnibus Bills. CHAPTER PAGI CCXIII. Death of Henry Clay. Of Daniel Webster. Difficulty as to Northern Fisheries with Great Britain. Tripartite Treaty. Everett's Reply. 423 CCXIV. His Inauguration. The Mesilla Valley Dispute. Captain Ringgold's Exploring Expedition. Surveys for a Pacific Railroad. The Arrest of Martin Koszta by the Austrians. The Japan Expedition. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, and Repeal of the Missouri compromise. Seizure of the Black Warrior. The Ostend Conference. Mr. Soulé stopped at Calais by the French Authorities. The Crystal Palace. 426 CCXV. The Reciprocity Treaty with Canada. Walker's Invasion of Nicara- British Enlistments in the United States. The American Expeditions in Search of Sir John Franklin. Finding of the British Ship Resolute, and her Presentation to the British Government CCXVI. Troubles in Kansas. Lecompton Constitution in Congress. Its Re- jection by the People of Kansas, and a New Constitution adopted. 435 CCXVII. Difficulty with the Mormons. CCXVIII. The Panic of 1857. Purchase of Mount Vernon by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Death of Thomas II. Benton. CCXIX. Canals, Steam-Navigation, Railroads. The Submarine Telegraph.. 442 CCXX. Minnesota admitted as a State. History of Oregon. Its admission into the Union. The San Juan Difficulty... CCXXI. The Doctrine of the Right of Secession. The Presidential Election of CCXXII. Secession of South Carolina and other States, &c CCXXIII. The Battle of Bull Run. Other events of the Year 1861.... CCXXIV. The Battle of Fort Donelson. The Merrimac and Monitor, &c...... CCXXV. The Campaign of the Army of the Potomac. The Seven Days. The Second Battle of Bull Run. The Battle of Antietami... CCXXVI. Successes in the West. The Battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellors- CCXXVIII. The Campaigns of Sherman's Army. Capture of Atlanta..... CCXXIX. Sherman's March Northward from Savannah. Capture of Richmond, &c. 467 CCXXX. The Finances of the Union. Greenbacks. Taxation. Volunteering. PICTORIAL HISTORY OF AMERICA. CHAPTER I.-INTRODUCTION. Early settlement of Asia, Africa, and HE following pages are designed to comprise a History of the United States, with some account of other portions of America. History is a recital of what has happened respecting nations and countries; and our History of America will be an account of the most interesting events that have occurred in this quarter of the globe. 2. All our readers know that the history of mankind begins with Questions.-CHAP. I.-VERSE 1. What is the object of the following pages? What is History? What will this History of America be? Adam and Eve, about 6,000 years ago; and that their descendants spread over Asia first, then over Africa, and then over Europe. 3. At what time mankind began to settle in Europe we cannot precisely tell; wè only know that about 1,856 years before Christ, that is, more than 3,700 years ago, a man by the name of In'-a-chus led a company of emigrants from Egypt into Greece. 4. These found that country inhabited by savages, who, no doubt. were the descendants of those who had wandered there from Asia Inachus and his companions established themselves in Greece, and from that point of time Europe gradually became occupied by civilized people. 5. Thus the three quarters of the globe, Asia, Africa, and Europe, were settled; and as they all lay together in one continent, mankind gradually acquired a general, though still imperfect notion of their shape and extent. But America was separated from. Asia by the Pacific Ocean, almost ten thousand miles across; and from Europe and Africa, by the Atlantic, about three thousand miles acı vss. America, therefore, the people in ancient times knew nothing. Of 6. The ships in old times were small, ill-built, and feeble, compared with the ships of the present day. The people did not know the shape of the world; the art of navigation was in its infancy, and even the mariner's compass, that mysterious but steadfast friend of the sailor, was not used by the Europeans till about the year 1250. The crossing of wide oceans was therefore a thing that could not be accomplished. Navigators seldom dared to stretch forth upon the boundless sea; they only ventured to creep carefully along the shores, always keeping the land in sight. 7. But the weakness of the ships, and the inexperience of navigators, were not the only hinderances to the progress of navigation A multitude of imaginary dangers, brooding over the great waters were conjured up to appall the sailors, and prevent their venturing forth upon them. 8. Among these horrors was that described by Pyth'-e-as, who, many centuries before, had coasted from Marseilles [mar-sailz'] to the Shet'-land Isles, then a great and daring adventure. When he returned he declared that his progress was stopped by an immense black clam or oyster, suspended in the air, and that any ship advancing toward it would be swallowed up in its gigantic shell! 2. What of the history of mankind? What of the descendants of Adam and Eve? 3. What of the settlement of Europe? 4. What did Inachus and his companions find in Greece? 5. Why did mankind early acquire a knowledge of Asia, Africa and Europe? Why did they not acquire a knowledge of America? 6. What of the ships of ancient times? 7. What other things hindered the progress of navigation? 8. What of the story of Pytheas? 9. If such were the terrors of the Northern seas, still more awful dangers were supposed to beset those of the South. It was believed that a giant was stationed on the Ca-na'-ry Islands, who brandished a formidable club, and warned all vessels from proceeding to the westward of his island throne; and those who should venture across the equator into the regions of the Sun, it was said would be changed into negroes for their rashness. 10. Even the maps and charts of that day pictured the unknowr. portions of the sea as filled with concealed and treacherous horrors, such as terrible monsters and hideous water unicorns, ready to ingulf the voyager. The At-lan'-tic was then called the Sea of Darkness, and one of these devices represented the bony and gnarled hand of Satan as rising from out the waves, ready to seize and destroy the mariner who should venture into those forbidden regions. 9. What of the giant of the Canaries? What of those who should venture to cross the quator? 10. What of the maps and charts of those days? What of sea monsters! What of the hand of Satan? 2 |