QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. 129 Thomas Bangave. Subscription libraries were, however, first set on foot by Dr. Franklin, in the year 1731. 7. Since these early days, schools and colleges have been spread over the Union; school and village libraries are numerous, and some of them, in the larger cities, are very extensive. CHAPTER LVIII. The War of Queen Anne.-Capture of Port Royal.Abortive Expedition against Canada.—Indian Depre dations. 1. We must now return to the wars of the colonies. The winter before the close of King William's war in 1697, had been unusually severe. This, added to the expense and losses of a long and tedious conflict, produced a state of very great suffering. Every thing, for man or beast, was scarce and dear, and constantly becoming more so. 2. And yet only five years passed away, before another French and Indian war broke out, little less dreadful than the former. As Queen Anne was then on the throne of England, we may call it Queen Anne's war. It began in 1702, and continued till 1713, a period of eleven years; though for the first four or five years it was chiefly confined to skirmishing on the one part, and to plundering, burning, capturing, and murdering on the other. 3. But, in 1707, another expedition was fitted out against Port Royal. It consisted of one thousand men, and they sailed from Nantucket. Little, however, was accomplished, except to exasperate the enemy, and increase the suffering on our frontiers. A land expedition against Canada, conducted by three thousand men, in 1708, also failed. 4. But the idea of reducing Port Royal was not yet abandoned by the colonists. After repeated applications to England for help, Colonel Nich'-ol-son was sent over with a fleet, who, with the aid of a few regiments of troops from New England, invaded and took it, and changed the name of the place to An-nap'-o-lis, in honor of Queen Anne, who was then on the throne. 5. Encouraged by this success, another attack was planned against 6. What was done for libraries? What was done in 1781? 7. What of schools and colleges in modern times? Libraries? CHAP. LVIII.-1. What was the cause of the sufferings of the colonies after King Wil liam's war in 1697? 2. Describe the war from 1702 till 1713. 8. What was done by the expedition of 1707? Of 1708? 4. What was done by Colonel Nicholson? Canada. A fleet came over from England, but the ships were without provisions enough to last them a single month. The colonies supplied them with every necessary-both provisions and men. Fifteen ships of war, forty transports, and six store-ships, with seven thousand men, soon sailed from Boston. 6. But this great armament, in proceeding up the Bay of the St. Lawrence, was misdirected by its pilots, and dispersed by storms. A part of the transports, with seventeen hundred of the men, were cast away, and one thousand were lost. A land force of four thousand men, from Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey, which was to cross the country by way of Lake George, and unite with them, hearing the disastrous news, returned home again. 7. This last failure was charged by England on the colonies, but the charge was unfounded. They had done their part, and indeed much They had not only furnished most of their own troops, at their own expense, but they had done a great deal toward sustaining the forces sent over by the mother country. more. 8. The French and the Indians, all this while, continued their depredations. Along the extended frontiers of Maine and New Hampshire, the attacks were so frequent and the murders so numerous, that one half the whole body of the militia were continually on duty. 9. The reader may be anxious to know what half the militia, at this early period, would amount to. Massachusetts, the most thickly-settled of the colonies, had a population, in 1710, of about eighty thousand. The population of all the colonies was estimated at two hundred and sixty thousand. From these data we may conjecture the number of the militia to have been about twelve thousand, but we have no exact statement of the number. 5. What fleet sailed for Boston? 6. What became of this great armament? Wha of the land force? What had been done by the colonies for England? 8 What of the and Indians? S. What of the militia at this early period? Population? THE WAR AT THE SOUTH. 131 CHAPTER LIX. The War at the South.-Unsuccessful Attempt against the Spanish Possessions in Florida.-The Apalachian Indians subdued.-Arrival of the Palatines.-Indian Massacre. 1. THIS war of Queen Anne had been declared against Spain as wel as France; and the colonies of the south, from their nearness to the Spanish settlements in that region, had their full share of its expenses, dangers, and sufferings. They, too, had Indians on their borders, which fact, of itself, describes their condition. 2. An expedition had been fitted out in 1702 by Governor Moore, of the South Carolina settlement, almost before hostilities had begun elsewhere, against Flor'-i-da. He had sailed, with twelve hundred colonists and Indians, to take St. Augustine [aw-gus-teen']. This place, if taken, it was supposed would give him the key of the province, and perhaps unlock to him treasures of gold and silver. 3. But he found greater difficulty in taking St. Augustine than had been expected. The town was, indeed, soon conquered, but the fort held out for some time. For want of a proper understanding between the officers commanding the land and naval forces employed, he was at length obliged to raise the siege and return. 4. This, to the colony, was not only a failure, but worse, if possible, than mere failure. It involved the infant settlement in an immense debt, to get rid of which they resorted to a paper currency, as Massachusetts had already done in circumstances somewhat similar, and subjected themselves to all its evil consequences. 5. A more successful expedition was made, soon after, against the Ap-a-lach'-i-an Indians. They had become quite hostile and troublesome, and Governor Moore, in order to chastise them, led his troops into the very heart of their country, burned their villages and towns, made six or eight hundred of them prisoners, and reduced the rest to submission. 6. In 1706, the tide of war, in this quarter, became turned, and the Spaniards and French invaded Carolina, with a view to annex it to Florida. Governor Johnson had succeeded Governor Moore, and was a more efficient warrior. By his prompt and energetic movements, the CHAP. LIX.-1. What can you say of the southern colonies? 2. What of Governor Moore? 3. What success had he in Florida? 4. What was the consequence of the fail ure of his plans to the colony? 5. What can you say of the Apalachian Indians? 6. What took place in 1707? What of Governor Johnsor! assailants were defeated, and the Carolinas became able, in their turn, to attack their invaders, and to make some captures. 7. About the year 1710, a body of six hundred and fifty German emigrants settled on the Roanoke River, in North Carolina. They were called Pal'-at-ines. They had been stripped of their property by the ravages of war in Europe, and by the benevolence of their countrymen had found their way to America. Three thousand of the same class came to New York. 8. The settlers on the Roanoke were headed by one Baron Graf'-fenried, a Swiss, who called the place where they settled New Berne, in honor of his native city. These colonists were among the best and most worthy citizens who had as yet made their appearance in the United States. 9. But the savages, whenever their vengeance is aroused, do not discriminate very nicely between good and bad citizens. They fell upon the poor Palatines in their houses, and butchered one hundred and thirty-seven of them in a single night. The militia rallied, drove them back, and kept them in check till they could send for help to South Carolina. 10. Governor Cra'-ven, of the latter colony, soon dispatched, for their relief, a body of six hundred militia and three hundred and seventy friendly Indians, who, attacking the enemy with great energy, killed eight hundred, made one hundred prisoners, and pursued the rest to their own settlements, where, after destroying some six or seven hundred more of them, and burning their huts, they compelled them to make peace. 11. The colonies at the north were also relieved in March, 1713; but the relief came from a distant quarter. A peace was concluded between France and England. They were not, however, immediately delivered from the depredations of the Indians. These continued their barbarities two years longer, and many hundreds of valuable lives were sacrificed. 7. Who settled North Carolina about the year 1710? What were these settlers called? What had happened to them? 8. What of the settlers on the Roanoke? What was the character of these colonists? 9. What did the savages do? 10. What of Governor Craven? 11. What took place in the year 1713? What of the Indians? THE YAMASEE WAR. 133 CHAPTER LX. The Yamasee War.-Great Indian League.-Severe Con flict.-The Indians Defeated. 1. THERE was at this time, at the southern point of the colony of South Carolina, a numerous and powerful tribe of Indians, called Yam-a-sees'. These Indians, becoming in some way excited against the colonists, devised a plot to destroy them. They had also drawn into their scheme all the other tribes of Indians, from Cape Fear to Florida. 2. On the 15th of April, 1715, about break of day, they came upon the village of Po-co-tal'-i-go and the plantations around, and murdered, in a very short time, above ninety persons. The news soon reached Port Royal, the nearest village of any considerable size, and a vessel happening to be in the harbor, the inhabitants all went on board, and sailed for Charleston. 3. The Indians came on, and, but for their timely escape, would, no doubt, have massacred the whole of them. A few families on scattered plantations, who had not time to get on board the vessel, were all either killed or captured. The tribes in the north, toward North Carolina, also commenced a work of destruction in that region. 4. So great was the danger that many began to fear for the safety of Charleston. The governor ordered out every man in the city and neighborhood who was able to bear arms, except the slaves, and even some of the most trusty of these were enrolled; and the most vigorous efforts were made to defend the place, and successfully prosecute the war. 5. Meanwhile, the Indians on the northern frontier had gained some advantages over the colonists. Captain Barker, with a party of ninety horsemen, had been drawn into an ambush, and many of his men slain. Another party of seventy whites and forty negroes had surrendered, and been afterward murdered. 6. The alarm increasing, Governor Craven sent to Virginia for aiù, and even to England. He put the whole country under martial law, and forbade any ships leaving the province. He also ordered bills of credit to be issued to pay the troops, already amounting to twelve hundred men. CHAP. LX.-1. What can you say of the Yamasees? 2. What happened in the year 1715? What was done by the people of Port Royal? 3. What did the Indians do? 4. What was done by the governor of Charleston? 5. Describe the troubles between the Indians and the whites. 6. What was done now by Governor Craven? |