ernor-is still looked back upon as Virginia's new deal."

We certainly did disagree with Senator Taft, but of the various articles we published about him there is not a single one that could be called vicious-indeed, one of the most vicious in the history of the magazine.

Curiously enough, Senator BRIDGES Omits from his roll the name of the one Republican Senator whom we have consistently opposed, Senator JOSEPH MCCARTHY.

Senator BRIDGES said "In their magazine, there is no room for honest differences of opinion." He forgot that we have published articles by men with whom we have some difference of opinion, like Representative HUGH SCOTT, for instance, former chairman of the Republican National Committee, just as we have frequently praised men whose views on many problems differed from our own. This was the case with Senator MILLIKIN of Colorado, Senator CAPEHART of Indiana, and, incidentally, Senator LYNDON JOHNSON of Texas, and Senator RUSSELL of Georgia, who expressed their sympathy with Senator BRIDGES when he attacked the Reporter.

The heart of Senator BRIDGES' argument, I think, is to be found in the following passage: "With them the technique is smear and vicious attack-the technique we have come to know so well as used by those who follow the Communist Party line as fellow travelers and bedfellows. Why the staff of this magazine should be so familiar with the technique will be apparent as I continue."

I have already written about my staff. Now I must write about the "captain of this evil crew"-myself. He said that I had been several times jailed in Italy for my socialistic activities. The fact is that I have been jailed only once, and most certainly not for socialistic activities. This occurred on April 30, 1928, when, together with some other Italian anti-Fascist university professors, I was arrested, as far as I and my fellow prisoners could make out, for no other reason than a summons to repent "or else."

I was

kept in jail about 3 weeks, and when released I was asked to write a leter to Mussolini in whcih I would announce my conversion to the Fascist faith. I did no such thing and was kept under strict police supervision from then until I left Italy in September 1931.

In the spring of 1931, when I was the only remaining member of my university who refused to join the Fascist Association of University Teachers, I was offered a Rockefeller fellowship by the representative of the Rockefeller Foundation in Italy, Prof, Luigi Einaudi, now President of the Italian Republic. Two years later I joined the graduate faculty of the New School in New York. Later I became dean of the faculty. The list of my "agreeable associates and companions," mentioned by Senator BRIDGES is about as peculiar as the roll of statesman the Reporter has smeared. Earl Browder, who heads the list, gave one lecture at the New School in the fall of 1938 at the current events course where representatives of all political parties were invited, including Lawrence Dennis, then leader of the American Fascists.

Entirely out of context, Senator BRIDGES quotes from a book, Intelligence in Politics, which I published in 1936. He cites the following sentence: "The intellectuals know better than any other group how to enjoy a civilization and how to undermine it." He vehemently proceeds: "Shades of Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White, and Klaus Fuchs; from the grave and from prison they applaud." Had the Senator proceeded in his reading from that sentence, all those shades would have remained unsummoned, for the point that follows is that when the intellectuals undermine democracy, they bring about their own enslavement: "They are never left alone nor are they allowed to rest in pauses

of silence, which are imperative if the confused voices of the world are to be harmonized. They are commandeered at any moment and cannot escape being commandeered." Of the other quotes from Intelligence in Politics, one is not to be found in the book.

Intelligence in Politics was severely criticized by Frederick L. Schuman in the Nation and by Matthew Josephson in the New Republic. It was warmly approved, on the contrary, by Prof. Charles Beard, who wrote, "A profound and moving book. American democracy and its fateful possibilities illuminated by a mind rich in imagination, penetrating, and informed by the political philosophy of more than 20 centuries."

In 1948 I published another book, The Power of Freedom. Alf M. Landon, Republican Presidential candidate in the 1936 election, wrote to the publisher as follows: "It is seldom that I had read a book so provocative of thinking and yet captures your interest from start to finish. I think I will be reading and rereading it many times."

Charles P. Taft wrote: "His own solution in freedom as the dynamic relation of men to their work, to their institutions, and to each other is not far from the effective processes worked out during these last 25 years by our university research in industrial relations, but he has given it a much wider foundation in intelligent philosophy, and in sound and practical politics."

In the Daily Worker, David Carpenter wrote: "Professor Ascoli's concept of freedom is arid and abstract, but his purpose in writing this book is certainly concrete. As a spokesman for the maintenance of the capitalistic system, he is explaining to our ruling class how to delude the working class into a belief that this system is the best conceivable."

I do not care to follow Senator BRIDGES in his comments on my personal and family life. But I cannot help mentioning a few things I did in this country which he scrupulously omits. For instance, from 1940 to 1943, I was president of the Mazzini Society, at that time the major organization in the United States of Italo-American and Italian anti-Fascists. The secretary of the society was Alberto Tarchiani, who since 1945 has been Italian Ambassador to Washington. To the two of us, Tarchiani and myself, goes the credit for having kept the Italian Communists in this country out of the Mazzini Society-a unique feat in those days of "united front." I must also add that I have paid dearly for my anticommunism, for the Italian Communist press in this country has repeatedly attacked me and my family with a violence that until recently has remained unequaled.

During the war, I served as Associate Director of Cultural Relations with the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. I think that my services were of some use, as the letters I received when I finished my work can testify.

Senator BRIDGES does not omit mentioning a loan of $4,600,000 that "he receives from the Export-Import Bank what would appear to be a loan, but was later termed by his Italian handicraft company as a grant of which $2,900,000 was disbursed and the rest withheld because of the shaky position of his Italian handicraft company, which The facts was unable to repay the loan." are as follows: At the end of 1944, I started a nonprofit corporation, called HDI (Handicraft Development, Inc.), to assist the Italian handicraft producers-a substantial section of the Italian working class-and help them export their products to the United States. As a result of the good work HDI did as unpaid brokers between Italian producers and American consumers, the ExportImport Bank offered the Italian Government a loan to be administered by a company, the Compania Nazionale Artigiana, established to continue on a commercial basis the non

profit work HDI had been doing. The loanas all the Export-Import Bank loans-was guaranteed by the Italian Government. Mr. William McChesney Martin, Jr., the Chairman of the Export-Import Bank, in order to have a continuity established between the work of HDI and that of CNA wrote me in a letter dated December 3, 1947, that HDI should subscribe part of the CNA capital and be represented on the board of directors. Later when I severed my connection with the Italian company, Mr. Herbert E. Gaston, then Chairman of the Export-Import Bank, wrote me on June 3, 1952: "You can be sure that we appreciate your self-sacrificing efforts to make the handicraft experiment a success and are grateful for them." Finally, let me add, that the loan was never termed a grant and that it has been in fact substantially reimbursed.

As far as the Reporter is concerned and the reputation it has achieved, let me quote the opinion of men belonging to Senator BRIDGES' Own party who wrote to us on the occasion of the Reporter's fifth anniversary.

"You have done some particularly useful and striking work during your short life, and I hope it can be kept up as the years go on." (RALPH E. FLANDERS, U. S. Senate.)

"Your success in serving as a forum of alert liberal information for 5 years is evidence of good writing, good reading and good thinking." (HUGH SCOTT, House of Representatives.)

"The Reporter has paved some new and valuable roads in the fields of journalism. With its very special type of reporting and commentary it is making a unique contribution toward public opinion on various questions and issues relating to public and international affairs. May your magazine

have a long and successful life." (PETER FRELINGHUYSEN, JR., House of Representatives, Washington.)

"During the 5 years of its publication, the Reporter has certainly stimulated a large amount of good discussion, debate, and dissent. That makes the Reporter significant, because it is discussion, debate, and dissent that give vitality to our society. More power to you." (Paul G. Hoffman, chairman of the board, the Studebaker Corp.)

As for myself I can only say that I am proud to be one of the countless men who, fleeing the loss of freedom in their native lands, have found in America a new home and a new hope. Since I first landed over here I have considered American citizenship as a precious privilege to be constantly cherished and constantly earned. For me, the way to earn this privilege is to dedicate all my energies to the defense of freedom, for I have known what it means to lose it. This I will keep doing as long as I live. Respectfully and gratefully, MAX ASCOLI, Editor and Publisher, the Reporter.

The Atomic Energy Program

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. THOMAS A. JENKINS

OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, August 20, 1954

Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, as a member of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy it has been my privilege to assist in the preparation of the 1954 amendments to the Atomic Energy Act. These amendments will have far-reaching effect in bringing our atomic law into line with the scientific, technical, economic, and political facts of atomic en

ergy as they exist today. These amendments will also insure that our atomicenergy program will be designed to maximize atomic energy defense utilization and also to give greater opportunity for the peacetime utilization of this form of energy. These amendments are designed to permit cooperative endeavor between the Government and private enterprise in developing uses of atomic energy without jeopardizing our national security.

We have all read and been told about the military implications of atomic energy. Therefore, I do not propose today to dwell on that aspect of the program. Instead I would like to discuss the peacetime application of this new source of energy which, with proper handling, can provide limitless benefits to the American people.

ATOMIC ENERGY AND MEDICINE

In medical circles the atomic energy program has offered up vistas in diagnostic fields comparable to those resulting from the invention of the microscope and the X-ray machine. This is accomplished through the use of radioactive isotopes. These isotopes are infinitesimally small chemical particles which are introduced into the body by means of drinking an atomic cocktail, intravenously, or otherwise. They go into every organ, vein, and cell. Their passage can be traced with minute accuracy. These tracers have proved particularly valuable in diagnosis of cancer, brain tumors, and glandular diseases. The Atomic Energy Commission now manufactures more than 100 types of radioactive isotopes which have peaceful uses only. Through the use of isotopes, doctors can now have a picture of what goes on in every part of the living body. Our men of medicine can unerringly locate sources of disease. Thus, atomic energy proffers for the future an assurance of greater longevity through medical science.

THE ATOM AND INDUSTRY Fission-or the splitting of the atomgenerates terrific heat. This heat can be used to produce steam which in turn generates electricity. When this energy is harnessed, and tremendous strides have already been made to that end, our entire power industry will be revolutionized. In view of that fact, the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy has taken an active part in stimulating the atomfor-peace program. The Atomic Energy Commission has a 5-year development and research program underway at the present time to advance the peaceful use of the atom.

The 1954 atomic energy amendments have made it possible for private industry to participate and aid in this development program. Greater productive efficiency and a more abundant way of living are in the offing to the American people through this application of atomic energy to our great industrial resources.

ATOMIC ENERGY AND AGRICULTURE

The role of the atom in agriculture is equally as intriguing as in the fields of industry and medicine. Detailed study of

plant characteristics and growing habits has been possible with the advent of the atom. New types of disease-resistant crops are being developed. Experiments now underway will result in spectacular new varieties of fruits and flowers in the next decade. Through exposure to atomic radiation, crops can be preserved for years without refrigeration or any other type of preservative. By using atomic energy to assure a greater output of farm produce, man's oldest industryagriculture-will be assisted immeasurably by man's youngest industryatomic energy.

In the summer of 1953, as a member of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, my committee colleagues and I visited our atomic military installations overseas and also inspected our sources of raw materials necessary to the development of atomic energy. I am pleased to report to the American public based on this exhaustive inspection trip that our atomic-energy program is being carried out in the most effective and efficient manner possible.

The 104-page Atomic Energy Act Amendments of 1954 will provide us with a law that will permit this program to go forward with even greater speed. Under this legislation enacted by the Republican 83d Congress, we are making tremendous strides in developing atomic energy for use in national defense and in the development of a prosperous, peacetime economy.

Total, Howard University..

Office of Education:

Promotion and further development
of vocational education..
Further endowment of colleges of
of agriculture and the mechanic
arts.

Salaries and expenses.
Payments to school districts.
Assistance for school construction..

Total, Office of Education..........
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation:
Payments to States..
Salaries and expenses.

Total, Office of Vocational Rehabil-
itation...

Public Health Service:

Assistance to States, general..
Venereal diseases.

23,673, 201

2,501, 500 2,900,000 55,000,000)

70, 000, 000

154,074, 761

23,000,000 635,000

23,635,000

13, 000, 000

3, 000, 000

6, 000, 000 4,300,000

3,565,000

1, 125, 000 75, 000, 000

850,000 33,000,000 2,900,000

4,675,000

21,737,000

14, 147, 500

16,668,000

1,990,000

8,270,000

6,180,000

7,600, 500

81,268,000

H. R. 9447: Department of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriation Act-Continued

TITLE II-DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE continued

Social Security Administration-Con. Salaries and expenses, Children's Bureau..

Appropriation

$1,525,000

Grants to States for maternal and child welfare.

30,000,000

173,000 (123, 500)

Credit Union..

Total, Social Security Administration...

1,233, 185, 500

Salaries and expenses, Office of the

Secretary:

Appropriation

Transfer from OASI

1,112, 500 (171,000)

Salaries and expenses, Office of Field

Many of the provisions of our Federal tax laws that have been of particular benefit to the American farmer are attributable to the diligent efforts of the future junior Senator from Iowa, Toм MARTIN. He has been instrumental in obtaining excise tax relief for farmers on certain automobile parts used in farm machinery, in extending capital gains tax treatment to breeding stock and dairy stock, in obtaining rapid tax amortization for grain and crop storage facilities, and in providing tax deductions for soil and water conservation projects.

Mr. MARTIN is a veteran of World War I and had members of his immediate family serve in both World War II and in the Korean conflict. As a consequence, he is a man who has taken great interest and has demonstrated a keen insight in matters affecting our foreign affairs. To no other man can greater credit be given for our program of stockpiling strategic materials. Mr. MARTIN is not only the author of this legislation but he has also been its most able supervisor to make certain that it is being (22,500) properly administered.

1,800,000 (350,000)

350,000 (365,000)

400,000

3,662, 500

Health, Education, and Welfare. 1, 663, 413, 761

As a distinguished soldier, lawyer, legislator, and statesman, Mr. MARTIN's record clearly demonstrates his fitness for the office he seeks. As he leaves the House of Representatives, I wish him well.

Congressman Granahan Seeks To Speed Painfully Slow Immigration Procedures

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. WILLIAM T. GRANAHAN

OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr. GRANAHAN. Mr. Speaker, the Refugee Relief Act, which was supposed to have meant a substantial increase in immigration into the United States, not only of escapees from behind the Iron Curtain but also of Italian and Greek

A Tribute to the Honorable Thomas E. relatives of American citizens, has been

Martin

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. THOMAS A. JENKINS

OF OHIO

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, August 20, 1954

Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, with the convening of the 84th Congress in January 1955, the House of Representatives is going to lose to the United States Senate one of its most distinguished Members. I refer to the Honorable THOMAS E. MARTIN, of the First Congressional District of Iowa.

TOM MARTIN and I have served together in the House of Representatives and on the Committee on Ways and Means for many years. In that time I have been impressed by his industry, wisdom, integrity, and effectiveness.

one of the worst administered acts in history. During the first year of its operation, only a handful of persons was admitted. The whole idea behind the administration of the law seems to be not how to speed up admissions but how to keep people out.

Responsibility for administration of the law was turned over to the State Department's chief cop-its security officer. He and his subordinates seem to look upon every potential immigrant as a potential enemy of the United States. Certainly we have to be careful of the kind of people we admit to this country; no one opposes that. But under the strict provisions which already exist in the immigration laws for admission of aliens to the United States, and under the requirements for American sponsorship of these immigrants and assurances that there is a place for them here, it is nonsensical to go the extreme lengths our Government is going in order to try

to find excuses to deny admission to every possible applicant.

Many of the residents of the Second Congressional District in Philadelphia have informed me of the great difficulties they have experienced under this law, and under the immigration laws generally, in having relatives admitted to this country. It has really become a national disgrace.

The Refugee Relief Act, as many of us insisted at the time it was passed, was in many respects poorly drawn and mistakenly conceived, particularly in its provisions affecting people in Italy. There are many thousands of Italian relatives-close relatives of American citizens who are eligible for admission to the United States but who have to wait and wait and wait for visas under the small quota assigned to Italy. Only a small group of Italian residents, on the other hand, are eligible for admission to this country as escapees from behind the Iron Curtain. Yet the Congress provided many thousands of non-quota visas for escapees and refugees in Italy and only 15,000 for Italians who are not escapees but who are close relatives of American citizens.

LOPSIDED ASSIGNMENT OF VISAS FOR ITALIANS

I am glad that we were able to get through the House and Senate legislation to make available to the relatives of Americans unused visas presently set aside for escapees and refugees in Italy. As I understand it, only about 1,000 Italian nationals have applied altogether for the 45,000 special nonquota visas reserved for refugees and escapees, while more than 44,000 petitions have been filed by American citizens for relatives in Italy to come here under 1 of the 15,000 nonquota visas set aside for relatives. So we have the lopsided situation of providing 44 times as many visas as are needed in Italy for refugees, but only one-third as many as are needed for close relatives of American citizens.

The bill we have succeeded in getting through, and which I sincerely hope the President will agree to, would allow qualified Italians who are relatives of Americans to obtain these unused visas now set aside for refugees and escapees.

I know well, Mr. Speaker, how heartbreaking and tragic it has been for many fine Americans in my district to try to get action on their applications to bring over to this country from Italy parents and other close relatives who have waited and waited for their visas to come through. Most heartbreaking of all have been those cases where the wait was so long that the loved ones died before their names were reached.

On the other hand, there is nothing to warm the heart of the friend and onlooker more than to see the reunion in this country of families long separated by immigration red tape.

I have seen this happy event occur frequently in my city, and when it does it is the kind of celebration one never forgets. The close-knit nature of families of Italian extraction always makes the reunion of such a long-separated family memorable. Their joy is so unbounded that it puts joy in the heart of

My concern over excessive redtape and unnecessarily restrictive rules in immigration has been a matter of record for many years, Mr. Speaker. I shall always continue to fight for more liberal immigration policies-for the renewal of the terrible injustices in the present immigration law, and for prompter and more speedy administration of the immigration process.

LEADING OPPONENTS OF RESTRICTIVE
IMMIGRATION LAW

In this respect, I appreciate the sub

stantial support we have received in this continuing fight to correct immigration injustices from such organizations as the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America, the National Catholic Welfare Conference, the National Council of Catholic Men, the National Council of Catholic

Women, the National Lutheran Council, the Protestant Episcopal Church, the Baptist World Alliance, the Synagogue Council of America, the American Jewish Congress, and many, many others so numerous I could not begin to mention all of their names. Americans of Italian and Greek descent have always been in the forefront of this fight for better immigration standards because they know from personal experience how the low quotas assigned to their homelands act to keep out of this country so many deserving relatives who would make good

citizens.

The McCarran immigration law, when it was passed, could have been used as a means for improving the situation greatly. But even though President Truman vetoed the bill in the hope of getting much more generous treatment for deserving cases, and although he bitterly attacked the unfairness of the quota system, those of us who supported that view did not, unfortunately, have enough like-minded Congressmen with us to help us sustain the veto. This administration has failed to attack the problems which President Truman cited in vetoing the McCarran Act-it has done nothing to help remove the antialien aspects of the law. Instead, it has made the law even more restrictive by assigning its administration to unfriendly offi

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN

OF OHIO

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Friday, August 20, 1954

Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, this month a subcommittee of the Select Committee To Investigate Communist Aggression held hearings on the Communist takeover and cruel control of Hungary. It was my privilege to serve

as a member of this subcommittee. Two Ohio, the district which I have the honor days of hearings were held in Cleveland, to represent. Following the hearings, the Cleveland News, which has one of carried an editorial which is most timely the finest editorial staffs in the country,

and informative. This editorial sounded munism takes over in a country and how the warning of what happens when comvigilant in combating this evil force. necessary it is for all Americans to be Under unanimous consent, I include in the RECORD the following editorial from the Cleveland News entitled "Inquiry Dramatizes Evils of Communism": INQUIRY DRAMATIZES EVILS OF COMMUNISM The significance of the testimony heard here last week by a congressional committee on Communist operations in Hungary is that it presented a picture of medieval torture and sadism difficult to associate with this

century.

It revealed the general pattern of viciousness that goes with the attempt to impose a sordid philosophy and way of life on an unwilling people.

The awful stories heard here by the Bentley-Feighan subcommittee expose the methods of Communist conquest and should serve as a warning to others who might be tempted to listen to the false persuasive note of Red propaganda.

It happened in Hungary, it happened in Poland, Rumania, and in other places. It will happen again if the Kremlin-dominated puppets take over any other nation. It could even happen here.

That's why the Cleveland hearings served a useful purpose. They dramatized the dangers and the barbaric cruelty that mark Communist conquest so that all could understand the need for combating such evil forces.

When I first came to Congress in 1949, I benefited greatly from the advice that ED HART freely gave me. I am sure that all of us from New Jersey on the Democlatic side of the aisle have been able to perform our duties with greater effectiveness because of ED HART'S personal interest in our activities and problems.

As chairman of the Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee, he used his expert knowledge of maritime affairs to the best advantage. His interest in shipping grew from the great port of New York, an important part of which was included in his district. The committee will miss his thorough understanding of the shipping industry.

ED HART has given the rich years of his life to his State and country. With his retirement, the Nation, New Jersey, and Hudson County lose a true friend and a devoted public servant.

The Record of the 83d Congress and the Eisenhower Administration

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. GEORGE MEADER

OF MICHIGAN

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, August 20, 1954

Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, for my colleagues and my constituents I want to summarize and appraise the record of the 83d Congress and the Eisenhower administration.

Through the legislative and executive decisions of the first Republican administration in two decades has run this common theme: The resurrection and application of traditional American principles of economic and political freedom. A government planned and controlled economy has been rejected. We have turned our back on socialism.

The record covers a wide variety of fields of national and international concern: Atomic energy, the St. Lawrence seaway, taxation, appropriations, government in business, economic controls, the Korean war, an expanded highway system, national defense, subversives, housing, social security, reorganizations

trying as hard as possible to get something on prospective immigrants in order to keep them out of this country.

We need a new immigration law; we also need more sympathetic and friendly administration of the immigration laws. We need compassion and reasonableness in the administration of the immigration laws, not the kind of brutal disregard of family considerations we have seen evidenced so often under the present setup.

I will continue, Mr. Speaker, to do everything I can to speed up the painfully slow immigration procedures and to get better legislation on the books.

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. CHARLES R. HOWELL

OF NEW JERSEY

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, August 20, 1954

Mr. HOWELL. Mr. Speaker, for many years, the House of Representatives has gained from the presence of EDWARD J. HART. His well-informed, reasoned counsel has guided the House to wise decisions on many occasions. While constantly devoted to the needs of his constituents in Hudson County, he was able

other aspects of government.

GETTING GOVERNMENT OUT OF BUSINESS

Under the New Deal the empire builders made the Federal Government the biggest lender, the biggest ship line operator, the biggest warehouser, the biggest landholder and the biggest tenant in the country. The Eisenhower administration took steps to get the Government out of competition with private business. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation is being liquidated; the Federal barge line has been sold; synthetic rubber plants owned by the Government are being sold and drastic curtailment is in process in rope-making, paint-making, box-manufacturing, scrap-process