Contingency,

Darwinian hypothesis
based on, 52, 54, 76, 84, 86; mingled
with design, 274.

Continuity of Nature, 123, 190, 234, 258,
273. 2-9, 323, 331, 379.

Creation, three views of, theistic, 158,
$57.

Cretaceous flora, relation of, to present
flora, 233.

Cross-breeding, essential to longevity

and vigor of species, 33, 346, 354.
Curtis, Rev. Dr., M. A., his account of
Dionæa, 293.

Cuvier, on the part animals have to play
in nature, 356.

Cypress, the bald, relation of, to Sequoia,
213, 225, 230.

Darwin, Charles, standing as a naturalist,
183, 283 sq., 287, 297; how his view of
species differs from the ordinary views,
13, 16; how from Agassiz's view, 16,
117, 129; summary of arguments, 36,
109-116; his distinctive work, 87, 61,
273, 808-309, 327, 337; where his argu-
ment weakest, 47, 169; where strong-
est, 121; his candor, 169, 286; harmo-
nizes teleology and morphology, 52
121, 234, 247, 288, 322, 337, 357, 875;
does not deny creative intervention,
61, 93, 143, 149; does not sneer at the
doctrine of design, 139, 140; never de-
pended exclusively on natural selec-
tion, 104; view of instinct, 173; no
atheistical intent, 258, 268-270, 274;
experiments with Dionra, 294, 821.
Darwinism, still an hypothesis, 53 8q..
119, 128, 135, 179, 274; compatible with
atheism, but not inconsistent with
theism, 54, 180, 159, 258, 279, 379; more
compatible with theism than the the-
ory of gravitation, 55, 235; relation to
teleology, 57, 84-86, 121, 145, 151-152,
176, 234, 247, 258, 271, 272, 288, 337,
357; premonitions of, 88, 94, 238; re-
lations to Lyell's geological theorles,
108, 109, 110; objections to, 168-177;
argument for, from the distribution of
the species of the oak, 190; as stated
by Wallace, 191; present attitude of
naturalists to, 234, 236-251, 279; im-
plications of, regarding the indefinite
vitality of species, 348.

Darwinian Teleology, accounts for abor-
tive and useless organs, 871; for the
apparent waste of Nature, 376, 377; for
imperfections and failures, 378.
Dawson, on derivation of species, 236,
246.

De Candolle, Alph., on the oak, 178;
definition of species, 201, 202; deriva-
tion of species, 186, 200, 236, 239; on
multiple origin of species, 191, 239.
De Candolle, conception of the struggle
for existence, 37.

Des Hayes, on gradation of species in
the tertiary period, 49, 110.
Design tersus Necessity, 62-86; distin-
guished from purpose, 358, 359; how
proved. 70-76, 64, 150-152, 168, 301,
362, 365, 371; natural selection a
substitute for it, 69; can never be de-
monstrated, 70, 365; method of proof
illustrated by pump, 71; by boome-
rang. 72; by movement of billiard balls,
62-64, 69-74, 77; by the eye, 79-84;
by machinery, 85, 278; may act
through variation and natural selec-
tion, 148, 247, 272, 275, 288; evidence
of, complete in the individual, 151, 364,
366; all Nature a manifested design,
152, 153, 176, 274, 837, 379; manifest in
insectivorous plants, 300, 301, 314, 322;
in climbing plants, 335, 336; consistent
with three views of efficient cause, 158
ff. 272; not disproved by negative in-
stances, 369, 370, 380.

Diongs, account of, 291-295, 320; digests
animal food, 19, 321.

Diseases, contagious, relation of, to nat-
ural selection, 241.

Divergence, how produced by natural
selection, 91.

"Division of labor" in the organic world,
43, 91.

Dogs, of diverse origin, 27.

Domestication, effect of, upon variation,
26, 29, 32, 184, 339, 340.
D'Orbigny, on destruction of species, 120.
Drosera, 291, 295–301, 310; sensitiveness
of, 312, 317.

Dubuque, address of Professor Gray at,

205.

Effect, as result of complex causes, 62–86.
Elephant, possible rapidity of increase,
88; Falconer on, 193–196.
Embryology, 118.

Equilibrium of natural forces, 41, 42.
Evolution and theology, 252-265.
Evolutionary hypotheses should be the-
istic, 176, 199, 279, 381, 889, 390.
Evolutionary teleology, article on, 359-
390.

Extinction of species, not by cataclysms,

41.

Eye, formation of, 59, 60; illustrating
design, 79-84.

Falconer, on the affinity of the mammoth
with the elephant, and the bearing
of the facts on Darwinism, 198-196.
Fertilization of plants, contrivances for,
346, 375–377.

Final causes, see Teleology.
Flounder, see Pleuronecta.
Flower, Prof., on the derivative hy-
pothesis, 236, 243.
Fly-trap, see Dionæs.

Forbes, Edward, on the dispersion of
species, 191.

Fulmar petrel, the remarkable increase
of, 39.

Gaston de Saporta, Count, on the origin
of tertiary species, 197, 198.

Genealogical tree, 17.

Herschel, Sir John, on the relation of
God to Nature, 275.

Hilaire, Geoffroy St.-, opposition of, to
teleology, 356.

Hooker, Dr. J. D., on Nepenthes and
Sarracenia, 331.

Genus, difficult to define, 184, 204.
Geology, incompleteness of record, 48,
169, 263.

Ginseng, common to America and North-
ern Asia, 222.

Glacial period, as accounting for the dis-
tribution of species, 114, 115, 224; effect
of, on mammoth and elephant, 193-196.
Glyptostrobus of China, relation to Se-
quoia, 214, 225, 230.

God, relation of, to Nature, 54, 58, 144-
168, 199, 234, 257, 275; to the universe,
59; his presence required in a long
process of adaptation as well as in a
short one, 60, 149 sq., 234, 256; imma-
nence in Nature, 61, 159; his thoughts
eternal, yet manifested in succession,
167; veracity of, in the works of Na-
ture, 371.

Goeppert on the antiquity of Taxodium
distichum and other plants, 228.
Gradation, from tertiary species down-
ward, 34, 101, 114, 115, 200; extent of,
in fossils of consecutive formations, 48;
between the tertiary and the present,
49, 110, 112; principle of, in organic
Nature, 123, 129; between plants and
animals, 124, 289, 808, 309, 323; ungu-
lata, 243; towards individuality, 125;
coarser in systems of classification than
in Nature, 126, 142, 184, 289; in climb-
ing plants, 335; in insectivorous plants,
827; of, in the species of oak, 180, 203;
between the cretaceous and tertiary
formations, 197.

Grady, Mr. B. F., on lure in Sarrace-
nia, 303, 305.

Greenland, fossil plants of, 231.

Grafting, effect on longevity of a species,
341 ff.

Grisebach, Prof., on geographical distri- |
bution of species, 229.

Hayden, on fossil Sequoia in the Rocky
Mountains, 228.

Henslow, Rev. George, on evolution and
theology, 252, 256.

Heer, on origin of species, 192; on the
antiquity of Taxodium and other spe-
cies, 227 sq.

Hobbes, theory of society, 87, 89.
Hodge, Dr. Charles, on evolution and
theology, 253, 257–261; on Darwinism,
269-283.

Horses, increase of, in South America,
89, 117; a former species existed in
South America, 118.

Hybrids, 50; how to test sterility, 51;
sterility of, 175.

Hypothesis, domain of, 108, 119, 131, 132,
250, 259,260.

Increase, rate of, in elephants, 38; among

cattle and horses in South America,
39, 117, 118; causes affecting, 40.
Individuality, attained gradually, 125,
343; not fully attained by plants, 344.
Inductive science, domain of, 14, 95;
limitation of, 47; process of, 23, 70
89., 98, 101, 107, 108, 112, 201, 202, 244,
250; Darwin's method conformable
to, 37, 103, 111, 113, 114, 115, 119, 122,
244, 260; postulates the veracity of
Nature, 371.

Inheritance, more mysterious than non-
inheritance, 29; the only known cause
of likeness in living species, 227.
Insects, agency of, in fertilization, 287.
Insectivorous plants, 289-308; and climb-
ing, 308, 337.

Instinct of animals, 171; of the Talegal,
171.

Intelligence of the higher animals, 172–

174.

Intention, see Design.

Interbreeding, when close, diminishes
vigor and fertility, 32, 287.

Ivy, Poison (Rhus Toxicodendron),
common to America and Japan, 221.

Jackson's "Philosophy of Natural The-
ology," 363.

Japan, relation of flora to that of North
America, 215 sq.; Grisebach on, 226.
Jussieu, A. L., definition of species, 163,
201.

Kale, origin of, 111.

Kingsley, Rev. Charles, on "Evolution
and Theology," 299, 282.
Knight, Andrew, on effect of budding,
341-343.

Kohlrabi, origin of, 111.

Lamarck, his theory of transmutation,
28, 52, 171.

Le Conte, Prof. Joseph, on religion and
science, 252, 262.

Leibnitz charges Newton with subvert-
ing natural theology, 187, 258.
Lesquereux, on fossil Sequoia, 229, 232;
on the relation of present flora to that
of the cretaccous age, 238.
Libocedrus, distribution of, 230.

Linnæus, definition of species, 12, 201;
diagnosis of the three kingdoins of
Nature, 308.
Lyell, Sir Charles, on the imperfection
of the geological record, 45; on gra-
dation of species in later formations,
49, 110; theory of geological changes,
103, 109; acceptance of Darwinism, 238.

Macbride, Dr. James, observations on
Sarracenia, 304.

Machinery, does not dispense with de-
sign, 85.

Malthus, on struggle for existence, 37, 89.
Mammoth, Falconer on, 193-196.
Man, separation of, from the quadru-
mana, 50; mental power of, not
necessarily acquired, 59; may be an
exception to the rule, 92, 93, 256;
unity of origin, 99, 176; antiquity of,
100.

Materialism, philosophy of, rejected, 126,
158, 174; note, 176, 235, 250.
Mellichamp, Dr., on pitcher plants, 329.
Mill, J. S., on creation by intelligence,
861, 374.

Morphology, 52, 121, 122; reconciled
with teleology, 121, 288.
Mysteries, of natural operations, 53, 158,
817, 818, 827; of Providence and Na-
ture the same, 153; in the action of
sundew, 312, 317; in similarity of off-
spring to parents, 383; proper to be
inquired into, 390.

Nature, definition of, 61, 160, 259, 269,
389; theistic views of, 158-168, 249,
257, 390; see Continuity of; veracity
of, 370.

Natural history, province of, 209, 260,
268.

Natural selection, 34, 89; method of op-
eration, 44; a very expansive prin-
ciple, 278; supposed recent illustra-
tions of its effect, 45; still an hypoth-
esis, 54, 185, 274; not inconsistent with
natural theology, 87 89., 187 89., 255,
272, 386; how it produces divergence,
43, 91; not disproved by special mirac-
ulous exceptions, 98; not the exclusive
cause of modification, 104, 195, 387,
386; extent of operation, 104-109, 278;
not to be confounded with variation,

production of a complex organ, 387.
Newberry, on the antiquity of Sequoia,
230, 232.

Newton, Sir Isaac, charged with sub-
verting natural theology, 137, 259.
North America, botany of, 206; former
climate of, 224; birds of, 244.
Novelties, difficult to accept, 87, 103, 247.

Oak, De Candolle on, 178, 203; Linnæus
on, 187; as illustrating the origin of
species, 179; a waning genus, 186;
dispersion of species, 188; in the Ter-
tiary deposits, 189; waste of pollen in,
888.
Objections to Darwinism, philosophical,
135; absence of close gradation, 47,
63; distance of man from quadru-
mana, 50; hybridism, 50, 51; special-
ization of organs, 52; novelty, 87, 103,

245.

Optimism, absurdity of, 141.
Orchids, fertilization of, 287.
Ostrich, increase of, 39.

Owen, Prof., evolutionary tendencies of,
68, 102 (134, 136?) 238.

Paley, on teleology, 52, 57,
Pantheism, 55, 58.

Paraguay, relation of insects to cattle
in, 41.

Parsimony, law of, 360 (see Continuity
of Nature).

Peach, origin of, 111.
Perfection, relative, 141.
Phyllotaxis, law of, 196.

Pictet on Darwinism, 105, 108, 109, 112,
127; on geological time, 162.

Pigeon, known extent of variation, 27;
why chosen for experiments, 28; re-
version of, 31.

Pinguicula, insectivorous, 325.
Pitcher Plant, see Sarracenia.
Plants, insectivorous and climbing, 289-
308, 308-337.

Pleuronecta, facts concerning, 372, 883.
Presumption against novelties, 87, 181,

132.

Probability, how far a guide, 47, 107, 260;
an element in scriptural interpreta-
tion, 260.

Progress in the succession of organic
beings, 115 8q., 118.

Providence, mysteries of, compared with
those of Nature, 58, 142, 177; Lord
Bacon's view of, 144.

Pump, as illustrating the proof of de-
sign, 71.

Purpose, see Design; distinguished from
design, 359.

Quercus, see Oak.

Rape, or Colza, origin of, 111.

Resemblance of progeny to parent,
cause of, inscrutable, 29.

Revelation does not determine the mode
of creation, 131, 260, 261.
Reversion to aboriginal stock, 839, 341;
takes place in pigeons, 31; reason of,
81; not proved in general, 81, 339.
Roth, observations of, on Drosera, 296,
297.

Rudimentary organs, 371.
Rutabaga, origin of, 111.

Sachs, his view of the motion of climb-
ing plants, 336.

Saporta, Count Gaston de, on origin of
tertiary species, 197, 198.

Sarracenia, insectivorous habits of, 301,
302, 328.

Science does not concern itself with pri-
mary cause, 145, 259, 263, 268.
Scientific spirit, the, 95, 255, 259.
Selection, artificial, 30; may preserve a
variety which could not remain in a
natural state, 339; methodical, 31;
unconscious, 30; natural, 34, 89, 90;
probably hinders, 135, 196, 337; De
Candolle's estimate of, 192; Heer's
view of, 192; Falconer on, 193-196;
confounded with variation, 195, 389
relation of, to contagious diseases, 241;
to vaccination, 241; compared to the
rudder of a ship, 386.

Sequoia and its history, 205-235; age
of, 207, 218; its isolation, 208, 230;
antiquity of, 229, 233; relations to the
bald cypress, 213, 225; to Glyptostro-
bus, 214, 225; to tertiary species, 214,
228; in the arctic zone, 229; to creta-
ceous species, 233.

Sexual reproduction, meaning of, 347.
Sisley, Mr., on individuality and longev-
ity of species, 344.

South America, former existence of the
horse in, 117.

Species, ordinary view of, 11, 16, 118,

129, 163, 199, 200, 201; Agassiz's view
of, 13-16, 117, 163, 164, 168, 191, 199;
Darwin's view of, 13-16, 117; Dana's
view of, 11; De Candolle's view of,
191, 201, 202; Jussieu's definition of,
163, 201; Grisebach's definition of, 226;
Linnæus's definition of, 12, 163, 201;
average numbers of individuals in, 39,
40; arranged in clusters, 97, 118; com-
munity of origin, how inferred, 12, 85,
111, 112, 113, 122, 182, 164, 183, 201,
238, 255, 264; distribution of, 98, 118,
191, 192, 200; in the tertiary period,

114; in time, 118, 233, 243; transmu-
tation of, how to be proved, 23; local-
ization of, 113, 114, 118, 200; connec-
tion of, illustrated by a genealogical
tree, 17 8q.; physical connection of,
not inconsistent with intellectual, 22,
53, 54, 95, 181, 146, 147, 156, 166, 167,
176, 234, 275, 278, 279, 357, 360, 385,
889; do they wear out? 847; difficulty
of defining, 90, 97, 111, 122, 126, 184,
244; stability and persistency of, 175,
185, 193, 338 sq., 348; mode of origin
necessarily hypothetical, 129, 130, 131,
186; of the oak, 179 8q, 203.
Spencer, Herbert, philosophy of, 250.
Spitzbergen, fossil Sequoia of, 228, 229.
Spontaneous generation, rejected by
Darwin, 93.

St. Clair, George, on Darwinism and
Design, 269, 280.

Sterility of hybrids, how far proved, 50;
test of theories regarding, 52.
Struggle for existence, 37, 38, 41, 89,
382; conceived by De Candolle, 37.
Sundew, see Drosera.

Taxodium (see Cypress).

Teleology, Paley on, 52, 57; of Darwin-
ism, 57, 84-86, 322, 374; reconciled
with morphology, 121, 210, 288, 357;
denial of ordinary doctrine of, not
atheism, 138-140, 154, 258; not dis-
turbed by Darwinism, 145, 149, 151-
158, 176, 247, 822, 337, 360, 371, 375
evolutionary, article on, 356-390; old
doctrine of, needs reconstruction, 370,
874, 880; old doctrine of, does not ac-
count for abortive and useless organs,
870; nor for the wastefulness of Na-
ture, 372; nor for imperfections and
failures, 378.

Tertiary period, gradation of species in,
84, 49, 101, 110, 200; distribution of
species in, 112-115, 228-232; no hiatus
between the cretaceous and, 197, 198,
233.

Theism, as affected by Darwinism, 54,
131, 176, 234, 235, 248, 252-265, 307,
837, 379; by other physical theories,
54-56; by nebular hypothesis, 187;
Darwinism compatible with, 67, 144 8q.,
151-157, 199, 249, 288, 379; three views
of Nature compatible with, 158-168,
177, 275, 277.

Theologians, interest of, in evolutionary
hypothesis, 252; attitude toward, 253,
254, 261; deal largely in probabilities,
260.

Time, geological evidence of, 98-100, 162.
Transmutation, theories of, no novelty,
23; Lamarck's theory of, 23; of the
"Vestiges of Creation," 24.

Treat, Mrs., of New Jersey, observations
on sundew, 298; on Utricularia, 324.
Truth, search for, laudable, 95.

Tulloch, Principal, on the philosophy of
miracles, 199.

Turnip, origin of, 111.

Tyndall, Prof., on matter, 390.

Types, prophetic and synthetic, of Agas-
siz, 116.

Ungulata, affiliation of, 243.
Unity of the human race, 179.
Universe, relation of God to, 57-59, 131,
152, 167.

Utricularia, or bladderwort, insectivor-
ous, 324.

Variation, cause of, unknown, 12, 76, 84,
157, 158, 170, 196, 337, 335; an inherent
tendency, 15, 96, 337, 386, 388; of
domestic animals not exceptional, 26;
extent of, undetermined, 27, 97, 111,
113, 203; effect of domestication upon,
26, 29, 203; more likely than inherit-
ance to be explained, 29, 207; not in
every direction, 147, 387; may be led
along beneficial lines, 148; among wild
species, 174, 203; in the oak, 181, 185,

187; in the birds of America, 244;
compared to the wind which propels a
ship, 386.

Varieties, do not differ from closely re-
lated species, 35, 90, 97, 111, 112, 123-
126, 185, 200, 203; less definite than
species, 184; do they wear out? 338
89., 345.

Venus's Fly-trap (see Dionæa).
Vestiges of creation, characterized, 24,
237.

Wallace, A. R., formula of, concerning
the origin of species, 119, 191.
Wastefulness of Nature, 89, 372-374;
not objectless, 375, 377; of pollen in
pine and oak trees, 375; in mould fun-
gi, 377.

Westminster Review, article in, on de-
sign in Nature, 361 8q.

Whewell, on divine interposition in Na-
ture, 259, 269.

Winchell, Alexander, on the doctrine
of evolution, 269, 281.
Wind carriage, cheap, 377.
Wyman, Prof., on pitcher plants, 329.