6. Most collective nouns with the prefix Ge-:das Gebäude the building

Das Gebirge the mountain

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Gewölf

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Exceptions: die Geschichte history; die Gefahr the danger; die Geburt birth; die Gewalt power; die Gestalt shape; die Geduld patience; further: der Gedanke the thought; der Gebrauch the use; der Geschmack the taste; der Geruch the smell; and a few more. 7. Substantives ending in -nis are partly neuter, partly feminine.

D. GENDER OF COMPOUND SUBSTANTIVES.

The gender of compound substantives is generally that of the last component:-die Haustür the streetdoor (from das Haus and die Tür); das Tintenfaß the inkstand; die Winterzeit winter-time.

Except: die Großmut generosity, die Sanftmut meekness, and die Demut humbleness 1.

Note. Die Antwort the answer, is not a compound word.

E. DOUBLE GENDER.

The following nouns have a double gender and meaning:

1 Real compounds with (der) Mut are masculine; but there were in O.H.G. compound adjectives in I (corresponding to demütig)

F. FORMATION OF FEMALE APPELLATIONS.

Most appellations of male individuals allow of a female appellation being formed by adding -in:—

1. When monosyllables, they modify their vowel:

2. If the masculine ends in -e, this letter is rejected :—

Exception:―der Deutsche the German, fem. die Deutsche the German lady.

3. When the gender of persons or animals is denoted by different words, the syllable in is not added::

from which feminine abstract nouns used to be formed, such as 'deomuoti' which afterwards became Demut and remained feminine.

Meine Ehre. Jene Straße. Unfre Hoffnung. Jene Tanne ist hoch. Die Schweiz ist schön. Wilhelm war ein Junggesell. Der Sommer ist warm. Wir hatten einen Diamanten. Haben Sie die Fürstin gesehen? Sie ist sehr (very) schön. Dieses Frauenzimmer ist sehr jung. Unser Oheim und unsere Tante haben ein Schloß in Spanien. Der Gärtner hatte eine Rose. Die Gärtnerin hat ein rotes (red) Band. Geben Sie mir diesen Band (m.)! Die Frau hatte ein Häuschen und ein Gärtchen.

Aufgabe 22.

cold. This My sister is Give me a The friendship

My teacher. His friendship. The count and the countess. This man is a painter. That lady is a princess. My father is your neighbour. Your aunt is my neighbour. Here is a lion and a lioness, a tiger and a tigress. This woman is a widow. Where is the cook (f.)? My master is old. The baby is young. (The) winter is diamond is beautiful. Here is also a ruby. a shepherdess. This oak is very (jehr) old. cherry. Which youth (A. 6) is your son? of my [female] cousin. The earth is round (rund). The love of the mother. (The) iron is a metal. (The) gold is also a metal. The little house (dim.). The little horse. A little plate. The shortness of (the) time. Have you seen (gesehen) the actor and the actress? My daughter is a poetess. I have seen the bridegroom and the bride. My uncle is a bachelor. His niece is very young. Is it a hewolf or a she-wolf? It is a he-wolf.

TWELFTH LESSON.

DECLENSION OF PROPER NAMES OF PERSONS.

(Eigennamen.)

1. Masculine and feminine proper names of persons take no inflections, but & for the genitive, as in English.

(1) German Proper Names (whether Christian or Surnames).

All German proper names ending in a hissing consonant (§, ß, 3, t, r, and sch) take for the genitive the inflection ens, for the dative en; if they end in -e, they take ns (gen.) and -n (dat.) only.

(2) Ancient and Classical Proper Names.

If they end in 6, they are declined with the definite article der (masc.), die (fem.) except in the nominative; if they end in -e or another vowel, they take

for the genitive or are also in the genitive declined with the def. article. The other cases usually remain unchanged, especially with a preposition.

Masculine.

N. Augustus Augustus
G. des Auguftus of A.
D. (dem) Augustus to A.

A. (den) Augustus A.

Feminine.

Semiramis Semiramis.
der Semiramis of S.
(der) Semiramis to S.
(die) Semiramis S.

Examples.

Das Leben des Alkibiades the life of Alcibiades.
Der Tod des Augustus the death of Augustus.

Ich bewundere (den) Sokrates I admire Socrates.
Die Gärten der Semiramis the gardens of Semiramis.
Er tat es für Augustus he did it for Augustus.

Note 1. Not infrequently, however, the definitive article is used with any name or case; as:

ich habe Ludwig (or den Ludwig) gesehen I saw Lewis;
die Kinder Niobes (or der Niobe) Niobe's children.

Note 2. The definite article der (masc.), die (femin.) must be placed before any proper noun preceded by an adjective; as: