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applies to cases in which, after issue joined, the case is discontinued
on nol. pros. entered. Ib.

3. When a list of the jurors, with their residences, is required to be made
by the order or practice of the court, and to be posted up in the
clerk's office or preserved in the files, and no other mode of com-
pensating the clerk is provided, it may be charged for by the folio.
Ib.

4. The clerk is also entitled to a fee for entering an order of court direct-
ing him as to the disposition to be made of moneys received for fines,
and for filing bank certificates of deposit for fines paid to the credit
of the Treasurer of the United States. Ib.

5. The fees to which a marshal is entitled, under Rev. Stat. § 829, for
attending criminal examinations in separate and distinct cases upon
the same day and before the same commissioner, are five dollars a
day; but when he attends such examinations before different com-
missioners on the same day he is entitled to a fee of two dollars for
attendance before each commissioner. United States v. McMahon,
81.

6. A special deputy marshal, appointed under Rev. Stat. § 2021, to attend
before commissioners and aid and assist supervisors of elections, is
entitled to an allowance of five dollars per day in full compensation
for all such services. Ib.

7. The marshal of the Southern District of New York, who transports
convicts from New York City to the state penitentiary in Erie County
in the Northern District of New York is entitled to fees at the rate of
ten cents per mile for the transportation, instead of the actual expense
thereof. Ib.

8. A marshal is not entitled to a fee of two dollars for serving temporary
and final warrants of commitment.

FINDINGS OF FACT.

See MECHANIC'S LIEN.

FRAUD.

The rule that in all proceedings instituted to recover moneys or to set
aside and annul deeds or contracts or other written instruments on
the ground of alleged fraud practised by a defendant upon a plaintiff,
the evidence tending to prove the fraud and upon which to found a
verdict or decree must be clear and satisfactory extends to cases of
alleged fraudulent representations, on the faith of which an officer of
the government has done an official act upon which rights of the party
making the representations may be founded; and in this case the evi-
dence on the part of the plaintiff, when read in connection with that
which was given on the part of the defendants, falls far short of the
requirements of the rule. Lalone v. United States, 255.

FRAUDS, STATUTE OF.

1. The clause of the statute of frauds, which requires a memorandum in
writing of "any agreement which is not to be performed within the
space of one year from the making thereof," applies only to agree-
ments which, according to the intention of the parties, as shown by
the terms of their contract, cannot be fully performed within a year;
and not to an agreement which may be fully performed within the
year, although the time of performance is uncertain, and may prob-
ably extend, and may have been expected by the parties to extend,
and does in fact extend, beyond the year. Warner v. Texas & Pacific
Railway Co., 418.

2. An oral agreement between a railroad company and the owner of a
mill, by which it is agreed that, if he will furnish the ties and grade
the ground for a switch opposite his mill, the company will put down
the iron rails and maintain the switch for his benefit for shipping
purposes as long as he needs it, is not within the statute of frauds, as
an agreement not to be performed within a year. Ib.

3. Packet Co. v. Sickles, 5 Wall. 580, doubted.

Ib.

4. The provisions of the statute of frauds of the State of Texas con-
cerning sales or leases of real estate do not include grants of ease-
ments. Ib.

HABEAS CORPUS.

See JURISDICTION, A, 15, 16.

INDIAN DEPREDATIONS.

See CORPORATION.

INSOLVENCY.

See NATIONAL Bank, 1.

INTEREST.

See CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES, 1.

JUDGMENT.

See CRIMINAL Law, 3.

JUDICIAL QUESTION.

See JURISDICTION, A, 3.

JURY.

See CRIMINAL LAW, 21.

JURISDICTION.

A. JURISDICTION OF THE SUPREME Court.

1. Sections 651 and 697 of the Revised Statutes, relating to certificates of
division in opinion in criminal cases, were repealed by the judiciary
act of March 3, 1891, 26 Stat. 826, both as to the defendants in criminal
prosecutions, and as to the United States; and certificates in such cases
cannot be granted upon the request either of the defendants or of the
prosecution. Rider v. United States, 163 U. S. 132, on this point
adhered to. United States v. Hewecker, 46.

2. In an action between citizens of different States, brought in the Circuit
Court of the United States, for the violation of an author's common
law right in his unpublished manuscript, and in which the defendant
relies on the Constitution and laws of the United States concerning
copyrights, and, after judgment against him in the Circuit Court,
takes the case by writ of error to the Circuit Court of Appeals, he is
not entitled, as of right, to have its judgment reviewed by this
court under the act of March 3, 1891, c. 517, § 6. Press Publishing
Co. v. Monroe, 105.

3. The laws of California authorize the bringing of an action in its courts
by the board of directors of an irrigation district, to secure a judicial
determination as to the validity of the proceedings of the board con-
cerning a proposed issue of bonds of the district, in advance of their
issue. The Modesto District was duly organized under the laws of
the State, and its directors, having defined the boundaries of the
district, and having determined upon an issue of bonds for the pur-
pose of carrying out the objects for which it was created, as defined
by the laws of the State, commenced proceedings in a court of the
State, seeking a judicial determination of the validity of the bonds
which it proposed to issue. A resident of the district appeared and
filed an answer. After a hearing, in which the defendant contended
that the judgment asked for would be in violation of the Constitution
of the United States, the proceedings resulted in a judgment in favor of
the district. Appeal being taken to the Supreme Court of the State,
it was there adjudged that the proceedings were regular, and the
judgment, with some modifications, was sustained. The case being
brought here by writ of error, it is Held, that a Federal question was
presented by the record, but that the proceeding was only one to
secure evidence; that in the securing of such evidence no right pro-
tected by the Constitution of the United States was invaded; that
the State might determine for itself in what way it would secure
evidence of the regularity of the proceedings of any of its municipal
corporations; and that unless in the course of such proceedings some
constitutional right was denied to the individual, this court could not
interfere on the ground that the evidence might thereafter be used in
some further action in which there might be adversary claims. Tregea
v. Modesto Irrigation District, 179.

4. The complainant in this case sought to compel a number of stock-
holders in a corporation severally to pay their respective alleged
unpaid subscriptions to the capital stock of a corporation, the amounts
to be applied in satisfaction of a judgment in plaintiff's favor. Among
the stockholders so proceeded against were K., C. and A. As to them
the allegations were that each subscribed for fifty shares of the cor-
poration, of the par value of one hundred dollars each; and that each
was liable for five thousand dollars, for which recovery was sought.
Held, that the amount involved for each subscription did not reach
the amount necessary to give this court jurisdiction; that the sub-
scriptions could not be united for that purpose; and that even if they
could, there having been a cross bill in the case, the judgment upon
which must affect rights of parties not before the court, the court
could not take jurisdiction. Wilson v. Kiesel, 248.

5. The printed record in this case is so fragmentary in its nature as to
leave no foundation for the court to even guess that there was a Fed-
eral question in the case, or that it was decided by the state court
against the right set up here by the plaintiffs in error; and, under the
well settled rule that where a case is brought to this court on error or
appeal from a judgment of a state court, unless it appear in the
record that a Federal question was raised in the state court before
entry of final judgment in the case, this court is without jurisdiction,
it must be dismissed. Fowler v. Lamson, 252.

6. Although, as a general rule, an appeal will not lie in a matter of costs
alone, where an appeal is taken on other grounds as well, and not on
the sole ground that costs were wrongfully awarded, this court can
determine whether a Circuit Court, dismissing a suit for want of juris-
diction, can give a decree for costs, including a fee to the defendants'
counsel in the nature of a penalty; and it decides that the decree in
this case was erroneous in that particular. Citizens' Bank v. Can-
non, 319.

7. In an action of ejectment in a state court by a plaintiff claiming real
estate under a patent from the United States for a mining claim, a
ruling by the state court that the statute of limitations did not begin
to run against the claim until the patent had been issued presents no
Federal question. Carothers v. Mayer, 325.

8. So, too, a ruling that matters alleged as an estoppel having taken place
before the time when plaintiffs made their application for a patent,
and notice of such application having been given, all adverse claim-
ants were given an opportunity to contest the applicant's right to a
patent, and that, the patent having been issued, it was too late to base
a defence upon facts existing prior thereto, presents no Federal ques-
tion. lb.

9. The construction by the Supreme Court of Alabama of §§ 1205, 1206
and 1207 of the code of that State, regulating the subject of fire and
marine insurance within the State by companies not incorporated

therein, is, under the circumstances presented by this case, binding on
this court. Noble v. Mitchell, 367.

10. The decision below upon the question whether there was adequate
proof that the policy in controversy in this case was issued by a for-
eign corporation is not subject to review here on writ of error. Ib.
11. The findings of the Court of Claims in an action at law determine all
matters of fact, like the verdict of a jury; and when the finding does
not disclose the testimony, but only describes its character, and, with-
out questioning its competency, simply declares its insufficiency, this
court is not at liberty to refer to the opinion for the purpose of eking
out, controlling or modifying the scope of the findings. Stone v. United
States, 380.

12. This court has no jurisdiction to review, on writ of error, a judgment
of the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia in a criminal case,
under § 8 of the act of February 9, 1893, c. 74, 27 Stat. 434. Chap-
man v. United States, 436.

13. The controversy in this case being between the mother and the testa-
mentary guardian of infant children, each claiming the right to their
custody and care, the matter in dispute is of such a nature as to be
incapable of being reduced to any pecuniary standard of value; and
for this, and for the reasons given in Chapman v. United States, ante,
436, it is held that this court has no jurisdiction to review judg-
ments of the Court of Appeals under such circumstances. Perrine v.
Slack, 452.

14. As the plaintiff in error did not specially set up or claim in the state
court any right, title, privilege or immunity under the Constitution of
the United States, this court is without jurisdiction to review its final
judgment. Chicago & Northwestern Railway Co. v. Chicago, 454.
15. An appeal lies to this court from a final order of the Supreme Court
of the Territory of New Mexico, ordering a writ of habeas corpus to
be discharged. Gonzales v. Cunningham, 612.

16. The cases deciding that there is a want of jurisdiction over a similar
judgment rendered in the District of Columbia are reviewed, and it is
held that the legislation in respect of the review of the final orders of
the territorial Supreme Courts on habeas corpus so far differs from that
in respect of the judgments of the courts of the District of Columbia,
that a different rule applies. lb.

See CONSTITUTIONAL LAW, 1;
PUBLIC LAND, 9.

B. JURISDICTION OF CIRCUIT COURTS OF THE UNITEd States.
1. Jurisdiction cannot be conferred on a Circuit Court of the United
States, by joining in one bill against distinct defendants claims, no
one of which reaches the jurisdictional amount. Citizens' Bank v.
Cannon, 319.

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