ALABAMA.

cultural colleges in the several States. The land, amounting to 240,000 acres, has been sold at 90 cents an acre, yielding the sum of $216,000. It is thought that the Agricultural College will be established in connection with the university. There is an institution for the instruction of the deaf, dumb, and blind, at Talladega, in which there were 55 pupils at the date of the last report.

The industrial resources of Alabama are still but imperfectly developed. Her natural capacities for the production of wealth and the maintenance of commerce are very great, and, since the close of the war, much has been done to prepare the way for their development. With the aid of the State funds, railroads have been constructed in all directions, about two hundred miles on different lines having been ompleted during the past year. Among those finished since 1870 are the Alabama & Chattanooga, and the Montgomery & Eufaula, which connects the capital with the eastern districts of the State. The South and North road has been opened to Elyton, thereby connecting the mineral region with the southern ports. When the railroads now in course of construction are completed, the aggregate number of miles within the State will be nearly three thousand.

The 1,496 miles of railroad now completed, including main and side tracks, have an aggregate assessed value of $25,943,052.59. The following are the different lines:

$6,120,995 00
2,719,800 00
1,076,760 00
1,474,552 00
2,862,580 00
824,289 60
386,435 00

NAME.

Miles.

Value.

84

Mobile & Ohio...

84

Mobile & Montgomery.

171

Montgomery & Eufaula.

57

Nashville & Decatur..

29

Nashville & Chattanooga.

26

Savannah & Memphis.

21

Selma & Gulf..

31

Selma, Marion & Memphis..

48

Selma & Meridian.

83

Selma, Rome & Dalton.

177

South & North..

102

Southwestern of Georgia.
Western.

167

1,495

Total....

The mineral region of Alabama, which oc-
cupies the northeastern portion of the State,
is very rich, but little has been done as yet
to utilize its treasures. There are three coal-
fields: the Warrior, having an extent of about
three thousand square miles; the Cahaw-
ba, seven hundred square miles; and the
The coal is mostly of a bituminous character.
Tennessee, about three hundred square miles.
Near the coal-fields are rich deposits of iron-ore.
Several iron-works are in operation, among
them the following: the Briarfield works, 50
miles north of Selma; Shelby works, near
Columbiana; Salt Creek Furnace, 15 miles
from Talladega; Oxford Furnace, near Oxford;
Choccolocca Furnace; Roups Valley Furnaces,
32 miles northeast of Tuscaloosa; Irondale
works, on the railroad from Montgomery to
Decatur, about eight miles from Elyton; and
Red Mountain works, at Grace's Gap.

The manufacturing interests of the State are progressing slowly. Several cotton-factories have been built in the region just north of the cotton-growing belt, which crosses the State with an average breadth of about 75 miles, and lies to the north of the timber districts. These are said to be in a flourishing condition, culture is still, however, the leading departand rapidly extending their capacity. Agriment of industry in the State. The second annual fair of the Alabama Agricultural and Springs, commencing on the 31st of October. Mechanical Association was held at Pickett's There was a very liberal premium-list, and the display of the productions of the farm and workshop was very promising for the future welfare of the State.

There was no general election in the State in 1871. The election for county and local officers occurred in November, and indicated a very 480,434 00 nearly equal division between the two parties. 263,900 00 The county of Mobile, the most populous, chose the Democratic candidates by over 2,000 majority; while that of Montgomery, the next in importance, was carried by the Republicans, almost without opposition.

425,275 00
771,000 00

1,843,981 70
2,464,812 69

1,625,200 00

14,337 60 2,588,700 00 $25,943,052 59

The extent of the liabilities of the State on account of indorsement of bonds for various railroad lines is as follows:

NAME OF ROAD.

Miles. Amount.

255 $4,720,000

580,000
320,000
320,000
2,500,000

960,000
480,000

20

Mobile & Alabama Grand Trunk.

20

Mobile & Montgomery.

Montgomery & Eufaula..

60

Selma & Gulf....

30

Selma, Marion & Memphis.

45

South & North...

100

720,000 2,200,000

Savannah & Memphis..

20

320,000

State bonds for railroad purposes:

Alabama & Chattanooga.

2,000.000

Montgomery & Eufaula.

Total

The Republican State Committee held a meeting at Montgomery, on the 26th of November, for the purpose of uniting the party on a common platform, and securing harmony in its ranks, in order that its influence might be unimpaired in the campaign of 1872. The meeting was attended by many leading Republicans, besides the members of the committee, and the following resolutions were adopted as a basis of action for the party:

Resolved, That the administration of President Grant meets with our hearty approval, and we point with just pride to its grand results in the faithful collection and disbursement of the public revenue, the immense reduction of the public debt, the wise and humane settlement of our differences with Great Britain, and the vigorous and successful enforcement of the Ku-klux act of Congress.

Resolved, That we rejoice in the glorious and over300,000 whelming triumph of Republican principles, as shown in the recent elections, which we recognize as clearly $15,420,000 indicating the fixed determination of the American

12

people that the recent amendments to the Constitution of the United States, guaranteeing equal rights to all men, shall be neither repealed nor nullified, and that the whole power of the General Government shall be used, if necessary, to prevent and punish all unlawful proscription and persecution of citizens, whether by individuals, or organizations, for the sake of political opinion or action.

Resolved, That unless this wicked and cruel persecution, still persisted in in some portions of this State on account of political opinion, shall immediately cease, we shall unhesitatingly ask of the President of the United States that he shall promptly exercise the whole power given him by the Constitution and laws for its suppression, and for the swift punishment of the criminals.

Resolved, That the Republican party is the party of equal rights, of obedience to the Constitution and to law, of peace and good-will to all men, and finds its truest platform in the words of the Master-"Do unto others as ye would that others should do unto you."

Resolved, That we pledge ourselves anew to the success of our great principles, and to the work of educating, at the public expense, all classes of the children of our State; of restoring fraternal feeling among all the citizens of our great country.

Resolved, That, condemning the violent and intolerant tone of the regular Democratic party of the South, and its useless and mischievous warfare against fixed facts, and seeking as we do the ends of justice, peace, education, and prosperity for all, we cordially invite the cooperation of all good men seeking the general welfare. Resolved, That the people have the right to demand from their chosen officers good and honest government, and that we sternly rebuke and denounce all corruption and unfaithfulness in public officers, and pledge our best efforts to secure the selection for all offices of men whose well-known character shall afford safe guarantees for honesty and competency.

Resolved, That the late elections in this State, in the evidence of Republican unity and growth where the voters were free to act independently, and of general Democratic discord and disintegration, give us the sure promise of complete triumph in the State next year, and enable us to give to our friends through out the country the assurance that the electoral vote of Alabama, though not needed, may be relied upon for the nominees of the Republican party for President and Vice-President in 1872.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be for-
warded by the chairman to the President of the
United States, and to the Republican papers in this
and other States.

The Legislature of 1871-'72 met at the capi-
tal on the 20th of November, and remained in
session until the 19th of December, when it
adjourned to the 10th of January, a resolution
having been previously adopted, extending the
session beyond the period of thirty days, to
which it is regularly limited. Several meas-
ures were set on foot to secure an amendment
of the Constitution, but none of these were
One reso-
carried through before the recess.
lution proposed seven amendments to be sub-
mitted to a vote of the people. The most im-
portant of these affected the right of suffrage,
and the maintenance of a system of public
education. The former consisted of the fol-
lowing to take the place of sections 3 and 4
of article 7 in the present instrument:

The following persons shall not be entitled to vote,
nor to hold office in this State:

1. Those who, during the late war between the States, inflicted, or caused to be inflicted, any cruel

or unusual punishment not justifiable under the laws
of civilized warfare, upon any soldier, sailor, or citi-
2. Those who have been convicted of treason, em-
zen.
bezzlement of public funds, malfeasance in office, or
felonies.

8. Those who are idiots, or insane. And no per-
son shall be eligible to any office in the State, who
is disqualified under the fourteenth amendment of
the Federal Constitution, until said disabilities are
removed..

On the subject of education, a substitute for article 11 was proposed. This places the control of the schools in the hands of a Superintendent of Public Instruction, district superintendents, and township trustees, all to be elected by the people. It proposes to take the school legislation away from the Board of Education, and intrust it to the Legislature, which "shall designate, in advance, such days as they may deem best (during the session of the General Assembly) for the consideration of measures relating to the educational interests of the State; on which days the State Superintendent shall be entitled to a seat in the House, then considering educational measures, and shall have and may exercise all of the rights and privileges of a member of such House, but shall have no vote. The Senate and House of Representatives shall not, upon the same day, consider matters connected with Funds for education are to be raised in acthe educational interests of the State." cordance with the following sections:

SECTION 6. The proceeds of all lands that have been or may be granted by the United States to the State for educational purposes; of the swamp-lands; and or appropriated by the State for like purposes; and of all lands, or other property given by individuals, of all estates of deceased persons who have died without leaving a will or heir; and all moneys which may be paid as an equivalent for exemption from military duty, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest and income of which, together with the which may be increased, but not diminished, and rents of all such lands as may remain unsold, and such other means as the General Assembly may tional purposes, and to no other purpose whatever. provide, shall be inviolably appropriated to educaSEO. 7. In addition to the amount accruing from the above sources, there shall be collected, for educational purposes alone, from every male inhabitant of the State, between the ages of twenty-one and sixty years, a poll-tax of one dollar and fifty cents: ship, shall be appropriated exclusively to the supProvided, That the poll-taxes, collected within a townport of the public schools within the township paying

the same.

SEO. 8. The General Assembly shall have power, when deemed best for the interests of the State, to levy a special tax upon the people of the State, to be devoted exclusively to the support of the public schools: Provided, That authority may be conferred by law upon a county to levy and collect a special SEC. 9. The General Assembly shall levy a spetax, for educational purposes, within its limits. cific annual tax upon all railroads, navigation, banking and insurance corporations, and upon all insurance, and foreign bank, and exchange agencies, and upon the profits of foreign bank bills issued in this State by any corporation, partnership or persons, which shall be exclusively devoted to the maintenance

of the common schools.

No final vote was taken on these proposi

ALSACE AND LORRAINE.

1841 he published a critical work, "Chapters
on the Poets of Greece," and the same year
was Hulsean Lecturer to the University of Cam-
bridge, his subject being "The Divine Reve-
lation of Redemption." He was appointed
Examiner in Logic and Moral Philosophy to
the University of London in 1841, and held
the office till 1857. From 1853 to 1857 he
resided in London, and was officiating minister
at the Quebec-Street Chapel, where he enjoyed
a high reputation for eloquence. On the death
of Dean Lyall, in 1857, Lord Palmerston ap-
pointed him Dean of Canterbury, and in that
For at
office he remained till his death.
least ten years before becoming Dean of Can-
terbury, Mr. (now Dr.) Alford had been turn-
ing his attention in the direction of philology
and biblical criticism. His researches on the
improvement and correction of the Greek text
of the New Testament were very thorough and
deliberate. In 1849 he published the first
volume of his commentary on the Greek Tes-
tament, and the fourth and last in 1861. It has
gone through several improved editions, em-
bodying the latest discoveries of Tischendorf,
Tregelles, and others. The sixth edition of the
first volume had been published before his death.
Besides the edition with the Greek text, he
published the Commentary for English readers,
substituting a revision of the authorized version
for the original, both in the text and the com-
ments. He also issued a Greek Testament, in
one volume, with very brief notes for schools,
and a separate edition of his English New Tes-
tament (1869). He had made arrangements
for a similar Commentary on the Old Testa-
ment, with the aid of other scholars; but this
will probably be relinquished. The Commen-
tary, or, as it is generally called, "Alford's Greek
Testament," contains a corrected Greek text,
with a pretty full critical apparatus on the
principles of modern criticism since Lachmann.
The explanatory notes are brief, condensed,
judicious, critical, and pervaded by a Christian
and devout spirit. He has mastered and di-
gested the immense material and brought it
within reasonable limits and into readable
He has
shape for the theological student.
made free and judicious use of the best German
critics and commentators, especially De Wette,
Meyer, Lücke, Tholuck, Olshausen, and Stier.
Of Dr. Alford's other literary labors we may
speak more briefly. He had published two or
three volumes of sermons; a fourth edition of
his complete poetical works (in 1863); a hymn-
book entitled "The Year of Praise" (1867); a
Prayer-book entitled "The Year of Prayer"
(1868); and a little book thrown off in a hurry,
and not quite so carefully written as it should
have been, called "The Queen's English."
This was sharply reviewed by Mr. Moon, in
"The Dean's English," and the dean retorted
in "Mr. Moon's English."

He was also the
founder and for some years editor of The Con-
temporary Review.

ALSACE AND LORRAINE. As was ex

pected at the end of 1870,* one of the principal
conditions on which the Government of Ger-
was the cession of Alsace and the German-
many insisted in concluding peace with France
speaking portion of Lorraine. In Article I. of
the preliminary peace concluded at Versailles
on February 26, 1871, the new demarcation-
line was determined upon as follows:

France relinquishes all its rights and claims, in
favor of the German Empire, on that territory which
marcation commences on the northwestern boundary
lies east of the following boundary: The line of de-
of the canton Cattenom toward the grand-duchy of
Luxemburg; follows in a southern direction the
western boundaries of the cantons Cattenom and
Thionville; intersects the canton Briey in running.
along the western boundaries of the communes Mon-
ern boundaries of the communes Marie-aux-Chênes,
tois-la-Montagne and Roncourt, as well as the east-
Saint-Ail, and Habonville; touches the frontier of the
canton Gorze, which it intersects on the boundaries
of the communes Vionville, Bounières, and Onville;
ment Metz, the western boundary of the arrondisse-
follows the southern boundary of the arrondisse-
ment Château Salins, to the commune Pettoncourt,
whose western and southern boundary it encloses;
and then follows the crest of the mountains lying be-
tween the Seille and Moncel to the boundary of the
line of demarcation coincides with the boundary of
arrondissement Saarburg south of Garde. Then the
this arrondissement up to the commune Tauconville,
whose northern boundary it touches. Thence it fol-
lows the crest of the mountains between the sources
dary of the canton Shirmeck; passes along the west-
of the Sarre Blanche and of the Vezouze to the boun-
ern boundary of this canton, encloses the communes
Saales, Bourg-Bruche, Calroy-la-Roche, Plaine, Ran-
rupt, Saulxures and St.-Blaise-la-Roche in the can-
boundary of the departments Haut-Rhin and Bas-
ton Saales; and then coincides with the western
Rhin up to the canton Belfort. It leaves the south-
ern boundary of this canton near Vouvenans, inter-
sects the canton Delle at the southern boundary of
the communes Bourogne and Froide-Fontaine, and
ern boundary of the communes Jonchery and Delle.
reaches the Swiss frontier, in passing along the east-
The boundary-line as designated has, however, been
changed as follows, with consent of the contracting
powers: In the former department of the Moselle
the villages Marie-aux-Chênes, near St.-Privat-la-
are ceded to Germany. On the other hand, the city
Montagne, and Vionville, to the west of Rezonville,
and fortress of Belfort, with a rayon to be deter-
mined upon, remain with France.

Article I. of the permanent treaty of peace, signed on May 10, 1871, contains the follow

ing:

The distance from the city of Belfort to the boundary-line, as was originally proposed at the negotiation of Versailles, and is designated on the map annexed to the ratified documents of the preliminaries of the 26th of February, is regarded as decisive clause of the first article of the preliminaries of peace, for the rayon which, according to the respective shall remain with France, with the city and fortress of Belfort. The German Government is willing to enlarge this rayon in such a manner that it shall inas well as the western part of the canton Fontaine, clude the cantons of Belfort, Delle, and Giromagny, westward of a line from the point where the RhineRhône Canal leaves the canton Delle, in the south

* See the preceding volume of the AMERICAN ANNUAL ments of "Alsace and Lorraine," organized in 1870 bv CYCLOPEDIA for statistics of the two General Governthe German Government, as well as the population of all the towns containing upward of 5,000 inhabitants.