would weigh the strong opinion of Sir James. In the last three years there had been great depression. He did not mean to contend that that depression arose from causes all of which were under Government control. There had been great deficiencies in the crops; but most of the depression was caused by an injudicious system of taxation, and by incompetent government and Governors. Ceylon was the only country in the world where the greater portion of the revenue was raised from taxes on food. Now, taxing food in Ceylon was like taxing raw material wages to a great extent were paid in food, and anything which advanced its price diminished produce and crippled industry. One-fourth of the revenue of Ceylon was derived from the tax on grain alone. The production of food in the country was decreasing, and this was traceable to the land tax, and to the gross neglect of irrigation. At one time Ceylon was the granary of the East; but it had not only ceased to be so, but it could not support its own population. There was this further evil, that taxation upon Native-grown rice was to this day collected by farmers. The vices of farming taxes were well known, and they had it upon the authority of Sir Emerson Tennent that, in Ceylon, the amount of taxation levied was double that which found its way to the Treasury. Then there was the question which they had already been in another case debating-the question of irrigation. Under the old Native system, works for the purpose of irrigation were kept up almost as roads were in England, under the "Rajah Karia" system-every district being compelled to keep its own irrigation works in repair. It was true there were abuses connected with that eystem; and under the English rule this forced system of labour was put an end to, and the irrigation works were left entirely to the good will and pleasure of the Natives. But the Natives had no capital with which to meet engineering difficulties, and unaided, could not combine, and hence important works were rapidly falling into disuse and decay; and from that cause there had been a falling off in the production of food of one-half or three-quarters; cultivation in some districts having in fact entirely ceased. Since agitation had commenced on this subject, efforts had been made to enable the right hon. Gentleman to sayas no doubt he would say that Government was engaged in restoring these works. Yes, but what was the proposition by which the new system was to be main tained? It was to be met by a new tax on the food of the Natives; by increasing the burdens upon the labouring population. The unfortunate paddy-growers were already taxed to the extent of one-sixth of their gross produce. The planters of Ceylon had submitted to export duties on their produce, in order that the public works might go on with efficiency. That fertile island imported half its grain, and almost the whole of the labour employed in the cultivation of coffee; and its taxation amounted to nearly one-third of the gross produce of cultivation. He had no doubt the right hon. Gentlemen the Under Secretary for the Colonies would contend that as the revenue of the colony had increased it must be in a prosperous state. He had shown the House under what circumstances the increase had taken place, and for his part he thought that if the revenue of the colony had been diminished it would have been a better sign of prosperity than an increase, under such circumstances. Our revenue was increasing during the Russian war; and high taxation and prosperity were not synonymous. The right hon. Member for Oxford (Mr. Cardwell) the other night stated that Ceylon had the happiness to be governed by a man of the highest knowledge, capacity, and intelligence; but it should be remembered that the Governor of the island told the Colonial Office that, as far as regarded all the material parts of the complaints of the colonists, there was great foundation for every one of them. Surely that showed the case was one demanding an investigation. He knew that all official people were averse to inquiries; but he hoped the House would consider that the repeated complaints of the people, suppported in many cases by the opinions of the Governors themselves, made out a case for an inquiry. Year after year the colonists had sent home memorials, asking that the promises made them by Earl Grey, in 1848, should be carried out; year after year these memorials had been refused. Yet the colonists had never ceased to be loyal and true to the country and to the Crown. Last year Her Majesty was advised not to grant the prayer of the memorialists, and it was said that these planters wanted constitutional Government. But, in fact, they only asked for the fulfilment of the pledge which was made to them in 1848 by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The mode of doing this they left entirely with Her Majesty. In the Governor's despatch Mr. Wall was not fairly treated. He was a loyal and an able man, and well | plaint was the military contribution which capable, if in that House, of pleading the that colony had been called upon to pay. cause of the island. The wishes of the Now, the fact was, that the contributions colonists having been for so many years re- which the colony had been called upon to fused by the Colonial Office, they had at make had been recommended in the Report last come to that House for redress. Our of a Select Committee, who were of opinion distant dependencies, he believed, could be that Ceylon ought to contribute towards retained by us in a satisfactory manner the cost of the troops kept in that island. only through the cultivation among their The hon. Member intimated that the coloinhabitants of two sentiments namely, nists did not so much complain of the milifirst a feeling of loyalty to the Crown and tary contributions as of the number of Government of this country, and next a troops. [Mr. WATKIN: I said nothing of conviction that, whenever they had real the kind.] He had certainly understood grievances to complain of, and failed to the hon. Member to say so; and of the obtain redress for them in other quarters, number of troops which ought to be mainthat House would at least do them the tained in Ceylon Her Majesty's Governjustice of granting inquiry. The hon. ment was the proper judge. It was only Member concluded by moving the Motion when Ceylon was called upon to pay the of which he had given Notice. military contribution that they heard of any complaints on the part of that colony. The statements of the hon. Member with reference to the mis-government of Ceylon and the decay of the prosperity of that island were not borne out by the reports which had been received in this country upon the condition of that colony. When it was proposed to place Ceylon under the Indian Government, there was a general outcry against the proposition. The hon. Gentleman stated that the population had fallen off. Now, the fact was that it was rapidly increasing, being 13,000 more than last year. Last year the births were 48,000, and the deaths 39,000. MR. ALDERMAN LUSK seconded the Motion. Amendment proposed, To leave out from the word "That" to the end of the Question, in order to add the words "a Select Committee be appointed to inquire into the condition of Ceylon and the action of its Government," (Mr. Watkin,) -instead thereof. MR. ADDERLEY said, that the hon. Member for Stockport (Mr. Watkin) asked that House to grant a Select Committee to inquire into the state of Ceylon upon two grounds. The first was, that certain complaints had reached this country from that island; and the second was, that the institutions of the island were decaying, and its population and prosperity were falling away, and that general misgovernment existed there. Now, as far as the complaints were concerned, they were amply discussed only four weeks ago, when the hon. Gentleman called the attention of the House to the petition which had been forwarded from Ceylon to this country. The hon. Member had not adduced any fresh complaint. Four hon. Members interested in Ceylon took part in that discussion. He (Mr. Adderley) then stated the views of the Government upon the subject, which were fully indorsed by the right hon. Gentleman the late Colonial Secretary, and the House seemed to think that no case whatever had been made out in support of the petition. The hon. Gentleman had now put forward state ments of his own, alleging that the island was in a general state of decay. But he submitted that the hon. Member had altogether failed to change the issue of the discussion which had already taken place upon Ceylon. The sole ground of com MR. WATKIN said, that the colonial blue book showed that in 1863 the population was 2,342,098, whilst in 1866 it was only 2,088,027. MR. ADDERLEY said, that the hon. Gentleman had, perhaps, selected a year in which there was a great mortality; but the last accounts showed a great increase in the population. The hon. Member had adduced the increase of the revenue as a proof of decay, inasmuch as he attributed that increase to the imposition of new taxes. The truth, however, was, that it was due to no such cause, but to the growing prosperity of the colony, for the taxes there remained the same as those which had been levied for the last ten years. next complaint of the hon. Member was that the Government had unwisely interfered with the railway speculations of the colonists, and prevented railways being made into the coffee districts; but that, too, was a statement which was not supported by the facts of the case. When it was shown that the state of the funds for making the railway referred to was satis The He MR. ALDERMAN LUSK trusted that the Motion for a Select Committee would be agreed to. The Under Secretary for the Colonies had objected that the complaints came only from Englishmen in the colony; but Englishmen constituted the life and soul of the colony; and, if they complained, they ought to have a fair hearing. With regard to the population of the colony, it was true, as stated by the hon. Member for Stockport that its amount had diminished since 1863, though there had been some increase of population in 1866 over the amount in 1865. factory, it was sanctioned by the Goveru-, ample influence in the Council. ment. The hon. Gentleman also com- thought that no case had been made out plained that large taxes were levied upon for the inquiry which the hon. Gentleman rice grounds; but these taxes had been asked the House to sanction. brought under the consideration of the Government, who had ordered that an inquiry should take place with a view to ascertain whether a reduction in them might not be effected. The tax upon rice was a tax per bushel, and therefore the increased produce of the tax showed an increased production. [Mr. WATKIN: The tax is in proportion to the value.] The tax had not been altered. The question whether the naval stations for the purposes of the colony should be maintained at the cost of the British taxpayer he did not think it necessary to discuss. He had frequently heard the hon. Gentleman complain of the burden thrown upon the English taxpayer to maintain such stations for colonies, many of which were richer than England. Why should not the people of Ceylon bear their share of the taxation of the Empire? Was all the expense of the Empire to be borne by a particular part of it? [Mr. WATKIN: Certainly not.] Under all the circumstances of the case, he did not see any good that could be derived from granting the proposed Committee. Since the Report of the Military Commission in Ceylon, the colonists seemed to be perfectly satisfied with the terms which had been come to, and that Report, he believed, would be strictly adhered to. He did not, he might add, at all agree with the views of the hon. Gentleman as to the government of Ceylon. While the Governor was responsible for the good government of the colony, he must have ample discretion in the management of its affairs; and if, as the hon. Member proposed, the majority of Members in the Council were to be elected, the Governor would no longer be in the position which an autocratic governor ought to occupy, who, being fully responsible, should have the power of conducting his own policy. The hon. Member had also fallen into a mistake with respect to the intention of Earl Grey, whose despatch contained no such promise as that indicated by the hon. Member. Earl Grey expressed a wish that the colony might become more able to take a part in its own financial affairs, and it was rapidly exhibiting greater capacity in that respect, for it frequently controlled votes on financial questions. The hon. Gentleman talked, not in the interest of the great population of the colony, but in the interest of a small section the English planters-who had MR. GORST thought the House had not only failed to dispose of the grievances of Ceylon, but had failed in understanding what those grievances really were. It was ridiculous to say that the matter had been fully discussed on a former evening, when, in point of fact, only four Members took part in the debate. Moreover, both the Under Secretary for the Colonies and the right hon. Member for Oxford (Mr. Cardwell) had misconceived the real ground of complaint. Although the statement that the military expenditure was not the real grievance had been proved during the former discussion, the right hon. Gentleman (Mr. Adderley) had repeated his former statement. The grievance was not confined to any particular expenditure. It referred to the general system pursued by the Colonial Office; and the complaint was that the Colonial Minister of this country expended £1,000,000 per annum without the slightest check or control from any person in the world. [Mr. ADDERLEY : No, no!] Well, was that expenditure controlled by the House? The state of the House when colonial matters were brought forward showed that hon. Members did not take the slightest interest in them; and it was almost impossible to discuss them except when a Vote was proposed in Committee of Supply. On the previous discussion the House would have been counted out but for the accidental circumstance that the Government wanted to pass a Vote in Supply, and the result would probably have been the same on the present occasion but for a similar reason. only was there no control by the House over the expenditure in Ceylon, but there was no control whatever. Now, what was wanted was that there should be an efficient control vested in the colony itself. It was Not quite true that there was a Legislative | thoroughly into the whole system of adCouncil, and that money votes were brought ministration there. Such a course would, before that Council; but of the sixteen he was convinced, be most beneficial not Members who composed it ten were official only to Imperial but Colonial interests. He servants of the Government, who were believed the Government of Ceylon was compelled to vote according to instructions not well administered; from careful insent out from this country. He strongly spection of official documents he could urged the Government to consider the say that a great deal ought to be done question, and to devise some means for with respect to the finance of the colony. checking our colonial expenditure. He But he should feel considerable difficulty believed that representative institutions had in voting for this Motion, because it been granted far too soon in many of the must be considered in connection with colonies, and there was great danger lest the Papers which had been laid on the the refusal to redress real grievances might table; and he was bound to say that those lead to an extension of that practice. There Papers disclosed such extraordinary docwas first a refusal to listen to just com- trines that the House could not allow itself plaints, and then violent agitation having to appear to give any sanction to them. been excited, extravagant concessions were The whole of this movement was based on made for the purpose of allaying that agi- a Paper which emanated from the gentletation. He did not believe that the Colonial men who called themselves the Ceylon Office was at all ill managed; but he did League. That Paper had been laid on the think that at a time like the present, when table, and he would quote only this one the House of Commons took no interest in sentence from it— colonial affairs, it was desirable to provide some machinery by which the action of the Colonial Office in expending a sum of £1,000,000 per annum should be effectively controlled. "The public of Ceylon will, at present be satis fied with such a concession as will give them the enjoyment, through their Representatives in Council, of the constitutional right of full control of the local revenues, freed from the dictation of the Governor or the Secretary of State." COLONEL SYKES objected to the assertion of the Under Secretary of State that The meaning of that was, that representhe governors of the colonies must be au- tatives of the white population, consisting tocrats. They could not expect any body of 3,000 should have entire control over of Englishmen to submit to a system of the revenues without reference to the wishes Government which deprived them of all real of the Native population, amounting to control over their expenditure. But that 2,500,000. He thought such a position was precisely the state of things at present would be monstrous, and he trusted no one in Ceylon. There was a Legislative Coun- on either side of the House would support cil, but the Government officers by their such a doctrine. But if the Committee votes rendered popular control impossible. were moved for on the ground of the bad He would ask, why were these Crown Co- Government of Ceylon, he thought there lonies kept in the hands of the Colonial was ground for supporting it. The secret Office ? The answer was, because of the of the matter was this. Until within a patronage they brought in the appoint- few years there was no agitation on the ments of governors, and judges, and part of the people of Ceylon with respect others. The hon. Member for Stockport to the financial administration of the co(Mr. Watkin) was undoubtedly right in the There had been a considerable surview he had taken of this matter, and in plus, which was accumulating. Some bringing it before the House. years ago a Committee of this House reported that the colony did not bear anything like its proper share of military expenditure, and that that share ought to be increased; and the Government wrote to the Governor to the effect that there being a large surplus every year a portion of it should be applied to relieve the mili tary expenditure. The planters then urged the Governor to expend more money, and the real object of the agitation has been to obtain for them not the power of refusing expenditure, but of increasing it in spite of the Government. Now that was not con MR. CHILDERS agreed very much in the spirit of what had fallen from the hon. Member for Cambridge (Mr. Gorst) that it was almost hopeless to discuss any colonial question in the present state of that House. He also agreed with much that had been stated by the hon. Member for Stockport (Mr. Watkin). Ceylon had not undergone that rigid inspection by the Colonial Office which from time to time was required; and he strongly urged the desirability, if a Committee were not granted, of sending out a Commission to Ceylon to look very lony. stitutional. Even in that House they could | did not arrive at a right conclusion. It not force upon the Government any par was vain to say as an argument against ticular course of expenditure. It was such the demand of the Ceylon League, that a system which broke down the Govern- only a minority were in favour of it. ment of Jamaica. The agitation going on at Ceylon was that of a minority to force the expenditure of money in the colony, and thereby to reduce the surplus, so that the colony should not have funds out of which to bear their share of the military expenditure. It seemed to him that, by countenancing such a movement Parliament would be adopting a retrograde policy. He thought the right hon. Gentleman might properly object to the Motion; but he hoped the Government would consent to send out a Commision of Inquiry. MR. SERJEANT GASELEE said, that if the hon. Member did not go to a vote upon this question, he should, in future, walk out of the House whenever the hon. Gentleman brought forward any other Motion of a similar nature. He protested against the House being turned into a mere debating society. Hon. Members brought forward Motions of this description, and after they had impeded the progress of Public Business they withdrew them and the matter ended in smoke. He hoped that the hon. Member would press the MR. M'LAREN said, the hon. Gentle- question to a division. The very fact that man who had just sat down had hardly the Under Secretary for the Colonies, and done justice to the Paper which he had an Under Secretary under the last Adquoted. The paragraphs preceding the ex-ministration, had combined in defending tract which he had read considerably mo- the present state of things in Ceylon, condified that passage. The spirit of the vinced him that there must be something Paper referred to was this:-That the rotten in the Ceylon Government. Government officials in Ceylon had an absolute majority in the Council with regard to the control of expenditure. Ceylon was too large an island to be placed on the same footing as some small West Indian islands, and the people of Ceylon wished that unofficials should have a majority in the Ceylon Council. They wished that should be effected in one of two ways-either by increasing the number of the unofficial men, or by diminishing the number of the official men. He thought that was a very fair proposal. A remark of the right hon. Gentleman opposite, that only a small minority supported this proposal, put him in mind of an anecdote which was related to him by Mr. Abercrombie, a former Speaker of the House. Mr. Abercrombie told him that at the commencement of the anti-Corn Law agitation a division took place in which only twelve Members voted in the minority, and that when he (Mr. Abercrombie), one of the minority, was marching out of the House to give his vote, he heard one of the Members of the majority say, "There are just a dozen of them, and they have not an acre among them." That, no doubt, was thought a conclusive argument by the Member who adopted it. He believed it was true, that the twelve had not an acre amongst them, but they had brains; and they inoculated the country with the truth of the proposition that they advocated. That truth prevailed; the majority of the House adopted it, and there was now no one on either side of the House who would say that they MR. AYRTON said, that having spent some time in Ceylon, and having had in former times a pecuniary connection with the island, he felt an interest in its condition. Ceylon was a conquest of the Crown, and whatever might be the opinion of the gentlemen represented by the hon. Member for Stockport (Mr. Watkin), it was the duty of the Government to take care of the 2,500,000 of Natives, and not of the 3,000 Europeans only. In order to protect the Natives of the island, the supreme Government should be vested in officers who were responsible to the Crown, and not in a mock popular Council, selected from a few commercial European inhabitants. To place the supreme power in the hands of the Natives would only give rise to false hopes, and would be likely to lead to sedition and insurrection. Question, "That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the Question," put, and agreed to. MR. WATKIN desired to state that he Aye" to the Motion which inhad said " volved the rejection of the Committee for which he had moved in the belief that he was supporting his own proposal. He had certainly intended to press the matter to a division. MR. SERJEANT GASELEE stated that all the Members in his neighbourhood had shared in and acted under the same misapprehension. Main Question, "That Mr. Speaker do now leave the Chair," put, and agreed to. |