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The private Letters of a pope are fuch phænomena in the literary world, that they will naturally attract the public attention much more than the productions of an ordinary writer; we shall therefore give our readers fome farther extracts from this publication in a future article.

[ To be continued. ]

A Series of Answers to certain popular Objections, against separating from the rebellious Colonies, and difcarding them entirely: being the coucluding Tract of the Dean of Glocefter, on the fubject of American Affairs. 8vo. 25. Cadell.

FROM the account we have given at different times, of Dr.

Tucker's feveral tracts relative to American affairs, we presume that our readers are fufficiently acquainted with his propofal of totally abandoning that continent; a measure which he thinks would be productive of no difadvantage to the commerce of Great Britain, and might conduce to the preservation of our tranquility. In the prefent tra&t he endeavours to enforce this propofition, by answering the various objections which have been fuggefted against it. For the fatisfaction of our readers, we shall lay before them those Objections in the order in which they ftand, and at the fame time give an abftra&t of the arguments advanced by the doctor in reply.

Objection I. "How fhall the merchants and manufacturers of Great Britain recover their property out of the hands of the Americans, or fue for their debts, in case of a feparation ?"-Anfwer. While Great Britain and America remain connected together under any form of government, this difficulty of recovering British property out of the hands of the colonists will never ceafe; and a total feparation is the most effectual cure. In cafe of a total feparation, each province will become independent, and a jealous rival of its neighbour. No common intereft will then unite them: and the fears and jealoufies of trade will more effectually operate in fuch a cafe, to enfure their honefty and punctual dealings, than the better principles of confcience and religion.

Objec. il. "How fhall we prevent the Weft India islands from falling under the power of the growing empire of America, in cafe of a feparation ?"-Anfwer. The northern and fouthern colonies of America have, and ever had, an inveterate antipathy against each other, which nothing prevents from breaking out into action even at prefent, but the apprehenfion of common danger. Remove this apprehenfion, and they

will not unite in one general affociation; without which it will be impoffible for any one of these republics to make the conqueft here propofed. Should two or three of thefe little republics join together in fuch an expedition, the rest, from a principle of jealoufy, would oppofe them to the utmoft of their power, and would invite the affiftance of Great Britain. Suppofing, however, against all probability, that the Americans not only took poffeffion of these islands, but cultivated them, or permitted the inhabitants to cultivate them, what would be the confequence? Nothing but this, fays Dr. Tucker, that the British merchants would in that cafe buy fugars, rum, ginger, cotton, &c. juft as they now buy wines, fruit, oils, coffee, &c. that is, at the best and cheapest market.

Obje&. III. "How fhall we prevent the North Americans from becoming a formidable maritime power in cafe of a feparation ?"-Answer. We may always prevent any one of thefe ftates from fwallowing up the reft: in the execution of which we shall be fure of obtaining the affiftance of the neighbouring rival states. And this circumftance alone will prevent their becoming a formidable naval power.

Object. IV. " Will not the prefent war, now carried on with fo much rancour and animofity, prevent the English and the Americans from trading with each other in cafe of a feparation ?"—Anfwer. If there be any force in this objection, the fooner a feparation fhall take place, the better; for nothing fhort of this can be a radical cure.

Object. V. "If we fhould lofe the northern colonies, where fhall we get pitch and tar, mafts and naval ftores for our navy ?" Anfwer. The French, Dutch, and Spaniards, who have no northern colonies, are fupplied with all these articles at a moderate price, and without bounties. What therefore fhould prevent Britain from being fupplied from the fame fource, and on as good terms?

Object. VI. In cafe of a feparation, where fhall we get pipe-ftaves, and other lumber for our Weft India iflands? and above all, where fhall we get provifions ?"-To this objection the author answers by the following interrogatory. • Where

or from whence do the French and Spaniards, Dutch and Danes procure provifions, pipe-ftaves, and lumber for their respective Weft-India fettlements? The answer to this question will ferve for both.'

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Object. VII." In cafe of a feparation, from whence shall we procure rice and tobacco ?"-Our author remarks that this objection turns on two fuppofitions. 1. That after a feparation the Virginians and Carolinians will not fell thofe articles to British merchants for a good price, and ready money. 2dly.

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That tobacco and rice can grow in no part of the globe, but in Virginia and Carolina. Will any man in his fenfes,' fays Dr. Tucker, dare to affirm either of these things?'

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Obje&t. VIII. “ In cafe of a feparation, will not the North Americans fet up various manufactures of their own, and lay heavy, difcouraging duties on the importation of ours?"— Answer. Experience proves beyond contradiction, that we do actually fend vast quantities of British manufactures to Spain, Italy, Germany, Ruffia, Holland, and even to France; though each of thefe countries has long established fimilar manufactures of its own, and laid difcouraging duties on ours. The colonists have already, and long before the commencement of the prefent conteft, fet up every species of manufacture, which could be attended with any probability of fuccefs. That in regard to the capability of America to rival Great Britain in the cheapness and goodness of manufactures (which are the main points to be attended to) America naturally labours under many capital defects refpecting manufactures.

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Object. IX. "Will not a feparation from the northern colonies greatly decrease the number of feamen ?"-Answer. By the term our feamen must be meant British feamen, in contradiftinction to North Americans. And then the objection fuppofes, that a feparation will neceffarily decrease the Thipping and navigation belonging to the ports of Great Britain and Ireland. But what proofs are there to be brought of this? And without fome proof, why must the objection be admitted?

The obvious reafoning on the cafe fuggefts juft the contrary. For after a feparation has taken place, the act of navigation will operate as effectually against the North Americans, as against the French, Hollanders, or any other nation. Confequently they (the Americans) will no longer be permitted to be the carriers of fugars, rum, cotton, coffee, pimento, mahogany, Aogwood, and all other woods and articles for dying, &c. &c. rom our own islands, from the Mosquito fhore, or the Spanish main, into Great Britain or Ireland:-nor will they be permitted to carry any of our manufactures, falt-fish, or provifions, any of our malt liquors, cyder, or any wines, from Great Britain or Ireland to the fugar colonies, or to any of our settlements in any part of the world. Judge therefore from this enumeration of facts certain and indisputable, on which fide would the naval balance preponderate in cafe of a feparation. But this is not all; for we have at leaft 150,000 lamps burning every winter in Great Britain and Ireland, more than we had 60 or 70 years ago; and their number is every year encreafing. Now the North Americans ufed to fupply us with at least one third, if not one half of the oil (extracted from fishes) used and

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confumed in these lamps :-all which, together with feveral articles depending on them, will for the future be supplied by British and Irish failors. Therefore what a nursery is here! How growing and extenfive! And yet how little attended to, 'till the North Americans obliged us, as it were, whether we would or not, to fee our own intereft!'

Object. X. "Would it not be better to continue fome kind of union with the colonies at any rate, rather than to throw them entirely off? Suppofe both parties of the British nation, the European and the American, were to remain united under one, and the fame prince, but to act as diftinct and separate states, independent of each other in all other refpects; would not even this be more defirable than a total feparation ?”—Dr. Tucker proceeds to answer this objection, by denying the propriety of the parallel which has been drawn by fome writers, between America and Hanover, in this cafe; after which he breaks out into the following animated apoftrophe.

Away ye advocates for treafon and rebellion! Away with fuch Jefuitifm and chicane! And ye pretended patriots, either ftay and reafon at home like fair and honeft men; or else throw off your disguise, act openly, and leave us. Go, and join your affociates in America, and there be happy in your free and equal democratic governments. There preach up the doctrine, that every human moral agent is to be his own legillator, his own governor, and his own director. There maintain your fundamental paradox, that no man ought to obey any laws, impofed upon him without his own confent: and there also refufe to pay any taxes, which had not received your own approbation. The congrefs, both provincial and continental, will undoubtedly liften with attentive ears to these instructive Jeffons and they will fuffer you to fparn at their authority with the fame impunity, that you, fpurn at ours."

Object. XI. Will not the fevering America from England have the fame effect in our political conftitution, as that of cutting off, or taking away a main prop, a maffy pillar, or a strong buttress from an ancient, crazy building ?"-To this the doctor anfwers, that metaphorical objections are best confuted by metaphorical replies. The English codftitution is by no means crazy in itself: it is built of materials the beft, the ftrongest, and the moft durable of any in the world. Quitting metaphor, the doctor afterwards has recourfe to other arguments, for which we refer to the work.

Object. XII." If it be right to feparate from North America, will not the fame arguments lead to prove, that it will be right to feparate from Ireland alfo? But can such a scheme be confiftent with common fenfe, or common prudence ì”.

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Here the author enters into a train of argument, fhewing that there is no connection between the two cafes.

Object. XIII." If we fhould feparate from North America, what recompence fhall we be able to make to thofe faithful Americans who have fuffered for their loyalty to the king, and their allegiance to the British government ?"-Anfwer. The continuance of the war is not a likely method of procuring a juft and adequate compenfation for the unhappy fufferers. That the best method would be, to order a fair and reasonable eftimate to be made of their loffes, and then to indemnify the fufferers out of the current fervices of the year.

Object. XIV. " Who will dare to move in either house of parliament for the feparation here propofed ?"-With respect to this objection, the author obferves that we are not fo def_ titute of men of unbiaffed principles, and of independent fortunes, as to defpair of fuccefs.

To the Series of Anfwers, Dr. Tucker has fubjoined a Conclufion, where we meet with the following paffage, which is fo expreffive of his fincerity as a political writer, that we shall give it a place in our Review.

As a clergyman, it is often objected to me, that I am a mercenary wretch (or as Mr. Burke was pleafed to phrase it, a court vermin) writing for preferment. This is very hard and cruel, after fo many folemn declarations to the contrary. Let it therefore be obferved, that whereas I had often faid before, I would never dire@ly, or indirectly feek for preferment; I will here add, once for all, that I will never accept of any, even though offered to, and preffed upon me. So help me God.'

As the author informs us that this is the last time he intends to addrefs the public on the fubject of American affairs, we fhall likewife infert the Poftfcript to the present treatise,

The foregoing treatife was finished, and a great part fent to the prefs, before the news arrived of the fuccefs of his majefty's forces against the American rebels. Probably this circumftance may make a great alteration in fome men's minds, refpecting the neceflity or expediency of a total feparation. But, alas! arguing from mere contingencies and the chance of war, is at beft a very precarious method, and is the more fatally delufive, as it is fo flattering to human vanity. Indeed it has no weight at all, if put in the balance against the natural, and therefore in the end the neceffary courfe of things. It was certainly as much the intereft of the English nation to have abandoned France, immediately after the fhining victories of Agincourt and Creffy, as ever it was either before, or fince.

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