EXTRACTS FROM JOURNAL OF SCHOUTEN. 401

15th.-At noon we were in 86° 12′ [misprint for 16° 12′]: the wind being S.E., course W. and W. by S., fine weather. 17th.-Wind N.E., course W. by S., but the two last quarters we set our course W.N.W. Short of provisions.

18th. In 16° 5' we had variable westerly winds.

[On this day Schouten reviewed his position and prospects, and spoke to his crew, pointing out the shortness of food, and the impossibility of returning eastwards. The Terra Australis, of which they were in search, had not appeared, though they were 1600 miles to the westward of the coast of Peru. It remained only to steer more northerly and make for the Moluccas, braving the dangers of the New Guinea navigation, and making the best of their ill luck. The course was therefore altered to N.N.W.]

[DISCOVERY OF FUTUNA.]

19th. Southerly wind. Course N. In the afternoon saw three islands to the N.E. by E., eight miles distant, and apparently a cannon-shot from each other. Made for them, sailing

N.E., with fine weather, but fresh.

20th.-Wind N.N.E.

21st.-Wind easterly. When one mile from the land twenty canoes came out to us. We proffered friendliness, but one. with a very sharp wooden spear in his hand threatened one of our men, and the people from the next island were shouting, as we took it, to urge them against us. Fired two cannon-shots. Sent boat out to sound, but got no bottom, eight small-arms men in her. A fight ensued, and six were killed. Stood off and on all night.

22d. Sent the boat in to sound again, and got anchorage in thirty-five fathoms, a gun-shot from shore. The Captain went in the boat and got a convenient place for the ship to moor in, close to a fresh-water creek inside the reef. Canoes came and brought cocoa-nuts, and obas, and two roast pigs. We paid them in

knives, beads, and nails. We sent four of our men to be hostages on shore, and kept some of the people in the ship. These people were very active, swam and dived with great skill, like those we met with at the other islands. There were round huts along the beach, thatched, about 25 feet in circumference, and 12 feet in height, with a doorway.

[The Journal contains the earliest published description of the drinking of kava, which coincides with the present ceremony. Peace was established, visits of ceremony paid, and cordial relations maintained. These islands lie in 14° 56′, and were named Hoorense Eylanden Hoorn Island or Futuna.]

=

SUMMARY AS TO THE PLATES REPRODUCED IN THE TEXT.

Plate on p. 312 shows the meeting with a native canoe at sea, off the islands they called Cocos (Niua-tobutabu), which lay just out of sight to their S. W.

Plate on p. 310 shows the islands in question, which they sighted the morning after meeting with the canoe, but failed to reach until the following day-i.e., Cocos and Verraders Islands : lat. 16° 10. Here the ship's company had a collision with the natives. The chief's name was Latou.

Plate on p. 311. This is a plate which represents several subjects described in the text all in one picture. The two chiefs are shown twice over, and the large figures on the left are introduced to illustrate the descriptions of various forms of headdress. The trumpeters from the ship are blowing and the drummer beating, the four or five standing figures on the outside of the shed, to the left of the two chiefs sitting under it, are making kava, and the chiefs themselves conversing, all at once. The round or conical huts to the right are introduced merely as types of dwellings.

EXTRACTS FROM JOURNAL OF SCHOUTEN. 403

Explanation of Plate on p. 311.

A. Meeting of the two chiefs, welcoming one another with remarkable ceremony.

B. The same two chiefs sitting in state together on two mats under a thatched shed.

c. Our trumpeters and drummer playing before the chiefs, from which they derived great satisfaction (or took as a great compliment).

D. Commoners chewing a green root called by them kava. When it is chewed up water is added to it, and thus a drink is made from it, which is greatly esteemed by them.

E. Shows the fashion of the houses. They are round and pointed, and covered with thatch.

F. Shows the costume of a chief, and coiffure.

G G. Shows the plaits of hair worn by chiefs.

H. Shows an instance of frizzed hair.

I. Another, whose hair stands up stiff like the bristles of a

pig, more than a quarter of an ell long.

K. Shows how the women wear their hair cut short.
L. Are cocoa-nut palms.

[APPENDIX III.