your hand into your own pocket when any body's else is handy. Keep your conscience for your own private use, and do n't trouble it with other people's matters. Look wiser than an owl, and be as oracular as a town-clock. Plaster the judge and butter the jury. And above all things, young gentlemen, get money! Honestly if you can -but get money! I welcome you to the bar.' This advice is of the character best suited to the tastes and capacity of a large class of young men from which the profession is yearly recruited.

Once it was customary for students to pay distinguished lawyers considerable sums for the privilege of remaining in their offices and being instructed in the principles of the law. And on certain days these counsellors delivered lectures to their pupils, and conducted their legal education in a becoming manner. These facts show that the preliminary training and preparatory discipline of young men designing to enter the profession in those times, was in some degree proportionate to its duties and exigencies, and resulted in latter years in producing those able lawyers and profound jurists who have been the pride of our young Republic. The popular law-schools of the present day are doing much to rescue the legal profession from the low estate to which it is inevitably tending. These institutions confer degrees, teach the law as a science, and inspire the student with a proper sense of the dignity and responsibility of his chosen pursuit. For the law, if rightly comprehended, is the noblest and most beneficent of the sciences. Its origin is divine; it aims to secure justice to all, to protect life, liberty and property, to punish crime, regulate the multiform affairs of society, and in its more extended range to establish the rules of government and preside over the intercourse of nations.

As the solar system and all the starry worlds of God's illimitable universe discharge their various functions in accordance with some fixed and inscrutable plan, so all civilized society, institutions, communities and governments, are continued and sustained by virtue of human laws, which regulate and control their individual and relative action. Annihilate the laws of nature, and chaos would ensue. Abolish all time-sanctioned customs, constitutions and statutes, and the world would be a pandemonium. Thus, law being a social and political necessity, there must always be a class of men whose business is, to understand, apply and interpret it when occasion demands. He who does this, assumes a high and important trust. A good lawyer, therefore, should be a good man. He should be a man of pure and lofty spirit, of strict integrity and unsullied honor, who loves truth and justice; adding to all these a thorough knowledge of the principles and practice of his profession. Such a man can be of vast service to his fellows, do many a noble and generous deed, be admired for his legal talent, and be respected for his moral worth and personal character. But a mean and unprincipled lawyer is a most dangerous member of society; his knowledge of and right to use the law, increase his capacity for doing mischief, and serving his own private ends. His clients are at his mercy; the widow and orphan the victims of his rapacious villainy !

The writer would not say one word against any one entering the pale of the bar, if he do it understandingly, with no extravagant notions of sudden success, with the requisite qualifications, and a willingness to forego many of the

pleasures and enjoyments of life, in steadfast devotion to his chosen profession. He should not enter it as a mere stepping-stone to political preferment, for that is prostituting the calling to a foreign purpose. He should not do it as a means of amassing wealth; for as Henry Clay once said: 'It is usually the fate of the American lawyer to work hard, live high, and die poor.' Not to gratify a lofty ambition merely, for an advocate seldom acquires a national reputation, and never an enduring fame. And, above all, he should not regard the profession as a comfortable refuge from manly, hard-fisted toil on the farm or in the work-shop, thinking his legal title confers upon him any particular honor or exclusive privilege. If he imagines the name of counsellor invests him with any peculiar sanctity, or exempts him from any of the incidents of our common humanity, he would do well to ponder on the reflection of Hamlet in the church-yard. The young Prince of Denmark, as he watches the two clowns digging a grave, perceives that they are throwing up skulls from the excavation, and tossing them about with as little ceremony as if they were foot-balls. He picks one up, and holding it on the palm of his hand, says in that fine vein of philosophical musing for which his character is noted: 'There is another; why may not that be the skull of a lawyer? Where be his quiddits now, his quillets, his cases, his tenures and his tricks? Why does he suffer this rude knave to knock him about the sconce with a dirty shovel, and will not tell him of his action battery?'

เ

AN INDIAN HYMN.

'On! soft falls the dew, in the twilight descending,
And tall grows the shadowy hill on the plain;
And night o'er the far-distant forest is bending,
Like the storm-spirit dark o'er the tremulous main !'

Is it the low wind through the wet billows rushing,
That fills with wild numbers my listening ear?
Or is some hermit-rill, in the solitude gushing,
The strange-playing minstrel whose music I hear?'

'Great SPIRIT or GooD, whose abode is the heaven,
Whose wampum of peace is the bow in the sky,
Wilt THOU give to the wants of the clamorous raven,
Yet turn a deaf ear to my piteous cry?'

UTTERANCES OF ALALCOL.

AN INDIAN POET.

BY HENRY R. SCHOOLCRAFT

THE WHIPPO WIL: CHORUS OF INDIAN BOYS.

'WHIPPOWIL, whippowil, flying about,

Why do you swoop to the earth with a shout?

Is it a war-whoop, defiant in tone,

For actions threatened, or doing or done?
Then why not lead us away to the lines
Where the base foemen are plotting designs,
Lurking in thickets unknown and unseen :
Tell me, my busy birds, what do you mean?

'Ah! now I hear you adown in the bush
Where lately caroled the robin and thrush;
Singing so lonely: 't is mid-night and past,
While you are sending your song on the blast,
Notes so convulsive and gloomy withal,
That they are sorrow's or constancy's call.
'Tis not the warrior prowling for prey,
But a bemoaning and sobbing equay ;*
Singing all night long-alack and a-day!
Where has he gone to, and why does he stay?

"Whippowil, whippowil, why do you weep--
Breaking night's stillness and banishing sleep?
Soon the loved being whose absence you mourn,
Will with a trophy in triumph return:

Is he a brother, a friend, or nabuim,↑
He will come back with a garland of fame.
All our young voices, will join in the song
That shall reecho your chieftain along.'

ABORIGINAL NOMENCLATURE.

SENECAS.

THE name of this tribe has often been a subject of inquiry, without leading to any satisfactory answer. How the name of a Roman moralist and philosopher should have been transferred to a North-American Indian tribe, is as much a mystery to-day as it could have been when Hendrik Hudson sailed through the Highlands.

In a map of Nova Belgica, published at Amsterdam in 1654, this tribe are called Sinnecars. In Lawson's Travels in South-Carolina in 1700, they are called Sinnekars. They call themselves Ondawaga, or People of the Hill, in relation to a myth by which they trace their origin to a hill on Canandaigua

*The name of a female in Chippewa.

Nabain-husband in Algonguin.

Lake. The French, who were the first European nation that visited them inland, called them Sonontouans, or Rattle-snakes. When they referred to them as one of the Six Nations, they were called, along with the other tribes, by the generic name of Iroquois. Their present name is the apparent result of the English pronunciation and syllabication of a nickname. When the Senecas, who were always a very warlike people, visited the Dutch at Albany, the first thing they inquired for of the traders was vermilion to paint their faces in war. The Dutch call this article cinnabar. No Seneca or Iroquois can pronounce the letter B, and in repeating the word they substituted the sound of K or C hard. In this way they drew upon themselves the nickname of Sinnekars.

GENEVA.

THE ancient name of the precinct now called Geneva, according to the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, is Kanadasegea. The Iroquois term Kanada, first enunciated to Cartier, on visiting Hochelaga in 1534, denotes primarily an edifice or mechanical structure. In the name under consideration, it means the councilhouse at the site of the council-fire or seat of government. This site is still known as the Old Castle. The lake was named from the geographical position and character of the national council-house, and its meaning may be not inaptly termed the Lake of the Council-Fire.

NONE of the terms at first given by the Dutch to this stream have been retained in popular use, except North River, a synonym. The Indians called it Moheganittuck, that is, Mohegan River. The band located at Tappansea called that expanse Shatamuck, or Swan-Water, a term which the river-Indians appear sometimes to have applied to the whole stream, but which was particularly appropriated to the river below the Highlands. The Iroquois called it Cahoatatea, which means the valley below the Cohoes Falls.

NEVERSINK.

NAWA, in the Mohegan dialect of the Algonquin, means half-way or midland. The particle ink in the same dialect, is a local inflection denoting the prepositional senses of at, by, in. The observer standing on the Neversink mountain beholds the Atlantic Ocean on one side and Raritan Bay on the other. This is the descriptive character of the term Nawasink, which has been corrupted by English pronunciation.

SING SING.

THE Manhattanese name for a rock or a stone is Ossin. The local inflection is made in ing. The term Ossining, a place of rocks, is a graphic description of the locality.

MANHATTAN.

By far the most striking local disturbance in the system of waters around the city of New-York is the channel at Hell-Gate. In the Indian language of the tribe formerly occupying the Island, the name of a channel is 'Autan' or 'Autun.' The monosyllable mon or man is the derogative or adjective term,

signifying a bad quality. By adding the ordinary local inflection in ing, this phenomenon was accurately described. The Indian band living on the island derived their title from this channel of the river or whirlpool. The idea perpetuated was the bad whirling or dangerous channel vortex or whirlpool, a term which the Dutch gave full significancy to by calling it Hallegat, or Hell-Gate.

CROTON.

THIS word is the Dutch and English adopted pronunciation of the name of an Indian chief called Tempest, who had his lodge on the point of land made by the embouchure of the Croton into the Hudson. Notin, its radix, is the Mohekander name for a strong wind. A quite different term was applied to a mild or soft wind, or for a breeze or a zephyr.

POUGHKEEPSIE.

ON ascending the Hudson, after getting through the Highlands, a direct course is open for about ten miles to Poughkeepsie. A canoe with an aft-wind might be in peril here, before reaching the inlet or shelter of Fall River, which drops from high ground within a short distance of the Hudson. This sheltering cove is called Apokeepsing. In adopting this word, the short sound of a with the local inflection, ing, have been dropped.

KINGSTON.

THE Wallkill was, from the earliest times, the general highway of communication between the Delaware and Hudson rivers. Through this channel the Wolf tribe of the Lenno Lenapees emigrated into the Hudson valley. Their principal village and earliest trading-town was at the present site of Kingston. The aboriginal name of the place appears to have been Sepus or Sopus. Sepe, in this tongue, means a river. The Dutch called the place appropriately Wiltwick, which carries the meaning of Indiania. There is an ancient pictograph on the rocks at the mouth of the Wallkill, which appears to denote the introduction of the gun among the Indians, which may date back to 1609.

MINNISINK.

MINNIS in the Indian tongue quoted, is the name for an island; and the penultimate ink carries the prepositional senses of at, in, by, on. It is the common local syllable for the Indian noun.

COXSACKIE.

THE orthography of this word has a Dutch smack, but it is entirely Indian Kux, in the Indian, is the indicative of the verb, to cut. Ackee, in the same language, is the term for earth. The channel of the Hudson above this place is deflected to the opposite shore, which it reaches and presses against at a high diluvial bank of clay and gravel, which it undermines, and anciently formed falling-in or cut bank. This is the feature described by the term Cuxakee.

NORMAN'S KILL.

THIS stream, after passing through the county, from the mountain-range of the Helderberg, enters the Hudson river about two miles below the city of Albany. At this point there is a truncated elevation or natural mound, which