dysentery, and while sick a messenger came from Montreal, bearing for him the decoration of the cross of the military order of Saint Louis. He was too ill to wear it, and on the twenty-ninth of October, died. The following record* has been preserved: In the year one thousand seven hundred and fiftythree, on the twenty-ninth day of October, at four and a half in the evening, at Riviere aux Boeuf," called Saint Peter, Monsieur Pierre Paul, esq., Sieur de Marin, chevalier of royal military order of Saint Louis, captain-general, and in command of the Army of Belle Riviere (Ohio), at the age of sixtythree years, after having received the sacraments of penance, extreme unction and the viaticum. His remains were interred in the cemetery of said fort, and during the campaign of the Belle Riviere. There were present at his interment Monsieur Repentigny, commander of the above-mentioned army; Messieurs du Muy, heutenant of infantry; Bonois, lieutenant of infantry; de Simblin, major of the above-mentioned fort; Laforce, guard of the maga zine. The register is signed by a priest of the Recollect Franciscans, captain of the fort Fr. Denys Baron. Saint Pierre arrived at Montreal from the distant west on the seventh day of October, and on the third of November the Marquis du Quesne wrote to the minister of war in France that he had sent the Sieur de Saint Pierre to succeed Marin in SIR: As I have the honor to be here the commander-in-chief, M. Washington delivered to me the letter which you wrote to the commandant of the French troops. I should have been pleased that you had given him order, or that he had been disposed to go to Canada to see our general to whom it better belongs than to me, to set forth the evidence of the incontestable rights of the king, my master, to the lands along the Ohio, and to refute the pretentions of the king of Great Britain thereto. I shall transmit your letter to M. the Marquis du Quesne. His reply will be law to me, and if he shall order me to communicate with you, you may be assured that I shall not fail to act promptly. As to the summons you send me to retire, I do not think I am obliged to obey. Whatever may be your instructions, I am here by order of my general, and I beg you not to doubt for a moment but that I am determined to conform with the exactness and resolution which becomes a good officer. I do not know that in the progress of this campaign anything has passed which can be regarded an act of hostility, or contrary to the treaties between the two crowns, the continuation of which pleases us as much as it does the English. If you had been pleased to enter into particulars as to the facts which caused your complaint, I should have been honored to give as full and satisfactory reply as possible. I have made it a duty to receive M. Washington with the distinction due on account of your dignity and his personal worth. I have the honor to be, Monsieur, your very humble and very obedient serLEGARDEUR DE SAINT PIERRE. At the Fort of the River aux Boeufs, the 15th December, 1753. vant, Eight weeks after the defeat of Braddock, in 1755, commenced another strug the command of the army of the Ohio. gle between the troops of England and He did not reach the stockade at French creek until the first week in December, and seven days after his arrival came young George Washington with a letter from Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia. After courteous treatment from Saint Pierre for several days he was sent back with the following note: France. In the advance of the latter, at the head of the Indian allies, was Legardeur de Saint Pierre. On the eighth of September a battle took place near the bottom of Lake George. The conflict was desperate; on the side of the English. fell Colonel Ephraim Williams, the founder of Williams college, Massachusetts; while upon the part of the French, Legardeur de Saint Pierre was fatally wounded. His last words were: * " Fight on, boys; this for independence, La Corne was in the is Johnson, not Braddock." service of the British king. Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to John Page of Virginia, dated Philadelphia, October 13, 1775, alludes to him: In 1755, Marin, the son of the commander who died at French creek, Pennsylvania, was again sent by Governor Du Quesne to command the department "La Baye." The next year, with sixty Indians, he was fighting the English in New York, and in 1757 was engaged in the capture of Fort William Henry, and attacked with great boldness Fort Edward. He was also present in 1758, at Ticonderoga. Louis Legardeur, the Chevalier de Repentigny, was the brother of Captain Saint Pierre, and, in 1749, an officer under him at Mackinaw. In 1750 he built a trading establishment one hundred and ten feet square, at his own expense at Sault Ste. Marie, and also began a farm. In 1755 he served with his brother at the time of his death, and in 1758 was with Montcalm at Quebec. At the battle of Sillery, 1760, he was at the head of the French centre, and with his brigade resisted the English, the only brigade before whom the foe did not gain an inch. He was taken prisoner in 1762, and two years later visited France. From 1769 to 1778 he was commandant at Isle of Rhé, and then for four years at Guadeloupe. After this he was governor of Senegal, Africa, and on the ninth of October, 1786, died in Paris while on furlough. St. Luc de la Corne took charge of the posts beyond Lake Superior after Saint Pierre was recalled, and on the third of September, 1757, married Marie, the widow of his predecessor. During the war of the English colonies DEAR PAGE: We have nothing new from England, or the camp before Boston. By a private letter this day to a gentleman of congress from General Montgomery, we learn that our forces before St. John's are 4,000 in number, besides 500 Canadians, the latter of whom have repelled with great intrepidity three different attacks from the fort. We apprehend it will not hold out much longer, as Monsieur St. Luc de la Corne and several other principal inhabitants of Montreal, who have been our great enemies, have offered to make terms. This St. Luc is a great Seigneur amongst the Canadians, and almost absolute with the Indians. He has been our most bitter enemy. He is acknowledged to be the greatest of all scoundrels. To be assured of this I need only to mention to you that he is the ruffian who, during the late war, when Fort William Henry was surrendered to the French and Indians on condition of saving the lives of the garrison, had every soul "murdered in cold blood." A descendant of one of the commandants at Lake Pepin, however, adhered to the Americans. Depeyster, the British commander at Mackinaw, under date of April 12, 1781, wrote to the Delaware Indians : Send me that little babbling Frenchman named Monsieur Linctot, he who poisons your ears, one of those who says he can amuse you with words; only send him to me, or be the means of getting him, and I will then put confidence in you. If you have not the opportunity to bring me the little Frenchman, you may bring me some Virginia pris Pepin, in 1805, reached "Point du Sable" or Sandy Point, on the same day of the same month as La Perriere in 1727 ar rived. He writes: The French, under the government of M. Frontenac, drove the Reynards or Ottaquamies from the Wisconsin, and pursued them up the Mississippi, and as a barrier built a stockade on Lake Pepin, on the west shore just below Point du Sable, and, as was generally the case with that nation, blended the military and mercantile professions by making their fort a factory for the Sioux. from the direction of Lake City, it was probably the site of a French post. The Indian trail to the head of the lake ran through the valley of the creek and passed Frontenac station, where the two cannon balls were recently found. They may have been buried by the Indians as "wakan" or supernatural. EDWARD D. NEILL. A FRIEND OF MRS. ANN HUTCHINSON. MRS. ANN HUTCHINSON, the leader of the Antinomian party in Boston in 1637, numbered many of the most prudent and sensible citizens of the town among her adherents. It has been remarked of the Massachusetts Antinomians that they formed one of those sects of undoubted morality in practice, but of extreme and unusual theological views, of which it may be said that "the worst things about them is their names, with the ill associations which they have acquired."* Our estimate of the ability and influence of Mrs. Hutchinson rises in proportion to our knowledge of the character of the people whom she made her ardent disciples. The heroic old Puritan whom we have chosen as the central figure of a sketch of which she is really the subject, was a representative man of his party, and is selected partly for that reason. John Coggeshall, f John Coggeshall,† the first of his name who emigrated to America, and who was elected in 1647 the first president of the colony of Rhode Island, was born November, 1591, in Essex county, England, probably at or near the town of Coggeshall or Coxhall, as the name was sometimes spelled.§ - 66 The town was noted for the woolen goods made by its inhabitants, and John Coggeshall was himself a mercer or cloth and silk merchant. In ancient days 'England was the Australia of the world," so numerous were her flocks of sheep, and Fuller tells us in his 'Worthies of England' that the founders of many noted English families were successful dealers in wool. From the Reformation till the time of Charles II. the "great town of Coggeshall," as Cotton Mather calls it, was ardently Protestant and Puritan. Fuller, after quoting in the 'Worthies' with disapprobation the proverb "jeering Coxhall," a popular saying in the reign of Charles. II., quaintly says: Sure I am that no town in England of its bigness afforded more martyrs in the reign of Queen Mary, who did not jeer and jest with the fire, but seriously suffered themselves to be sacrificed for the testimony of a good conscience. We can imagine no more suitable birthplace for our Puritan mercer than this town of industrious, intelligent, but almost fanatically religious cloth-weavers and merchants a place equally noted for its Variations in spelling were common in the seventeenth and previous centuries, and considered neither important nor disgraceful. Every man appears then to have written names according to his fancy and not many times in succession in the same way. Coggeshall was also spelled Cogeshall, Cogshell, Cogshill, Coxhall, Coxeal, Coxal and Cogswell, and the different forms were probably all attempts at phonetic spelling, for the name was pronounced Coxal. wool market and its martyrs. He was not a man of rank* or large fortune, though he is described as "a gentleman of high consideration." Whatever influence he exerted in New England was principally, though probably not wholly, the result of personal piety, intelligence and force of character. This plain, sensible, democratic citizen of Massachusetts and devout deacon in the Boston church, had high aspirations and ambitions, but they were unworldly, ideal and spiritual. He and his friends were willing to risk all their earthly prosperity for conscience' sake. They bravely asserted and defended their principles in the old world and at a later day, as we shall soon see, in New England, though they knew when they chose their course that for a second time the "comforts of their families, the relations of neighborhood, their civil privileges, their landed property and improvements, and what was the crowning comfort of their lives, the delight of their temple services, were all at stake."† Fuller mentions in his Worthies a Ralph of Cogshall, Essex county, abbot of Cogshall, who died in 1230, and also gives an account of several Coggeshalls and Wantons (names of nearly connected Rhode Island families), who were sheriffs of Essex in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, and describes the Coggeshall coat-of-arms as Argent, a cross between four escalopes. The office of sheriff, Fuller says, was "an office with a burden" from Edward III. till Charles I.'s reign, for the principal gentry in every shire of most ancient extraction and best estate were deputed for that place, keeping great attendance and hospitality, so that, as some transcripts have for the fairness of their character not only evened but exceeded the original, the vice--comites have, pro tempore, equaled the count himself and greatest lords in the land for their magnificence." Margaret, duchess of Newcastle, says: "Sheriffs in the kingdom of England have been so expensive in liveries and entertainments in the time of their shrievalty as it hath ruined many families.' There is no proof that John Coggeshall was related to the sheriffs of his name or to their probably impoverished and less distinguished descendants. + Ellis' Life of Ann Hutchinson.' John Coggeshall, Mary, his wife, and several children landed in Boston November 2, 1631. They came on the ship Lyon, William Pierce, master, and among the fellow passengers were the wife of Governor Winthrop and other members of his family, and John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians. He settled first at Roxbury, where the saintly Eliot was his pastor or teacher. He took the oath of freeman at the general court, Boston, November 6, 1632, and in a list of fifteen freemen he is one of eight who have the title Mr. prefixed to their names, which was not then indiscriminately used but indicated a respectable rank in society. Freemen alone were eligible to office or could exercise the franchise. None but members of the church could be admitted freemen, and this was one of the grievances often complained of by malcontents at a later day. Governor Winthrop records in his journal, April 20, 1634: John Coggeshall, gentleman, being dismissed from the church at Roxbury to Boston, though he was well known and approved of the church, was not received but by confession of his faith. Savage, the editor, adds in a note: Perhaps the ceremony mentioned in the text above would have been dispensed with for himself, but his wife and a maid servant, Ann Shelley, were received at the same time from the neighboring church, as I learn from the records of our own. From 1634 to 1638 the Coggeshalls lived in Boston. During the short period of his residence there he was four times .. In the church record the date of the admission is given, 13th, 2nd mo., 1634." Later, "6th, 10th mo., 1635," another domestic, "Marie Martin, our brother John Coggeshall's maid servant," was admitted to the church. Mrs. John Coggeshall died at Newport, Rhode Island, December 19, 1684, aged 80. ? September 1, 1634; March 1 and September 16, 1636; March 20, 1637,-Memorial History of Boston,' I. New England Genealogical Register,' 1850, IV. 124. |