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many, so lately and so long impoverished and needy. These capitals have been accumulated chiefly by the golden profits accruing out of the cotton manufacture, through the combined operation of high protecting tariffs, against competition from abroad, and low wages with cheap rates of living at home.

With all respect to Mr Greg, for of all respect as a worthy master and friend of his operative labourers, he is worthy, and with all deference to his superiority in practical knowledge, and well-known intelligence besides, we have made use, in these pages, of no more of the information he has published, than what has been acknowledged-valuable as we confess that information appears to us. Unknown to him as we are, he will, we trust, consider it no mark of disrespect that we have preferred to rely upon our own resources rather than be influenced by his authority, weighty as that doubtless is. It has served to incline our minds very seriously to the consideration of the subject in hand. Last year only we gave a guarded adhesion to the Ten Hours' Bill, influenced by the sanguine expectations of various practical men of well-known humanity, and tenderness for the operative classes, that the state of trade and of profits could well support the sacrifice, as then doubtless they could. We are entirely satisfied now of the reverse. The evil that hereafter we have to pray against is, the reduction of wages, without any reduction of time-working. We entertain little doubt that before the end of this year 100,000 operatives will be out of employ within a radius of 20 miles round Manchester inclusive. The question is not, therefore, cannot be, working shorter time for the same wages, but retaining the same wages for the same quantity of work and of hours. In a manufacture depending so largely, one-half, upon export, and one-half the annual value of which is paid in wages alone among the workers, those wages hereafter may chance to become the sole barometer for determining its high or low condition. Our skill and ingenuity may discover new and improve old processes for

economizing labour, but we no longer enjoy a monopoly of skill and ingenuity. Step by step other nations accompany us in our progress. At the last year's public exhibition of products and manufactures at Mulhausen, not to speak of splendid machines, embracing all the most recent improvements for spinning yarns, making paper, grinding corn, &c. &c. which were shown, the display of samples of fine yarns, and embroidered and printed muslins, is said to have been extraordinary for execution and splendid for taste. Samples of the highest range of numbers of fine yarns, up to No. 300 French count (340 or 350 British, we believe), were to be seen from the spinneries of Mulhausen, Thann, Guebwiller, Cernay, and Kaizerberg. The No. 300 of M. A. Herzog, of Logelbach, was said to be a specimen of most perfect fabrication. It is asserted, and believed among our neighbours of those parts, that although they cannot yet produce sufficient of these fine yarns for the wants of the manufacturer, still that the qualities are superior to the corresponding counts produced here. The Austrian printed cottons, sent to the same exposition by M. Sparlin, of Vienna, are reported to rival those of Manchester, and to be executed in the same sort of styles.

The present Factory Act we believe to be impracticable, and to have been designedly so contrived by the Ministry, in order to render abortive the zeal of the friends of the factory children, and disgust the operatives themselves. The plan of eight hours' labour, with relays, will end, can end, only in the adults being eventually condemned to sixteen hours daily toil, instead of twelve. Two alternatives alone seem to present themselveseither to prohibit the employment of children under twelve years of age altogether, and repeal the eight hours clause for all above it-that is, under thirteen-or to render the system of relays practicable and reconcilable with the twelve hours daily labour of the adult, enact a six hours bill for children.* If practicable, the last plan would, we think, be most advantageous, as well as satisfactory for all parties. But

* We first heard this plan suggested by Mr Robert Stuart, a respectable and intelligent master spinner of Manchester.

the obstacles appear to be almost insuperable. In towns there would perhaps be little difficulty in procuring a supply of the requisite number of infant hands for the system of relays; but in country districts, and about isolated spinneries, it would scarcely be possible. One or the other proposition, however, must, we think, be entertained, for, maugre the opinion of Mr Greg, the present absurd piece of Whig legislation cannot work without eventual detriment to the adult operative.*

To conclude, for we have already trespassed beyond our limits, we take leave to add our strenuous recommendation of Mr Greg's advice to the master spinners, of the "propriety of cultivating a better understanding with their people." There has been too much of distance, of neglect, shall we add of disdain almost, exhibited towards them. These are not times for the manifestation, for the perpetuation, of unfriendly dispositions, even in the worldly sense; the Christian obligation is imperative in all times and under all circumstances. Let the bonds of good understanding, of amity, of confidence, be drawn closer, and cultivated more and more. The welfare of the operatives may be promoted by a kindly interest and superintendence, as much as by the payment of weekly wages. Let the masters, imitating the meritorious examples of Messrs Ashton, Greg, and many other meritorious manufacturers, attend to the comforts and the education of the infant labourers, so that they may early be

trained in the path of religion and morality as well as of industry.

In the mean time, we counsel the Legislature to lose no time in repealing and consigning to the tomb of eternal ignominy the execrable workhouse system,† forged for the oppression of the working classes of England, and as if to chastise them for their protest against the crying abuses of the Factory System, and their invocation in behalf of the helpless progeny which seemed born only to inherit and perpetuate bondage, disease, and misery. Until the advent of that day, which sooner or later will arrive, we trust that Mr Oastler, the devoted friend of the operative orders, will not relax in his determined but peaceful agitation, and that the Member for Berks, honourably-how can a man be more honourably-distinguished in his own county as "the poor's man magistrate," will not be discouraged in the same noble cause, by the host of foes by whom he is now thwarted at every step, and maligned on every occasion. We exhort the property classes, more especially the middle orders, to advance boldly to the res cue. Now is the time to promote union, and cement harmony among and between all denominations of society; strike down the monster Poor Law Abolition Act-it will be accepted as a peace offering-the security of home and property will be fortifiedthe "flood of mutiny" will be dammed up and dried at its source-contentment and concord will revisit the land. If not, worse may betide-we are yet only in the beginning of the end.

Mr Greg unjustly charges the friends of the operatives with agitating for the purpose of undoing their own work.

In the first from them.

place, the Factory Bill was not their In the second, the masters, or Mr P. agitation by moving the repeal of the clause relating to the 13th year of age, before even it had been tried.

work, but passed under protest
Thomson, their representative, commenced the

The old law was sufficiently stringent. The mere substitution of paid for gratuitous and interested overseers, to be appointed by the Magistrates in Quarter Sessions, or by any other local independent authority, would have been efficient for the correction of all abuses. But there would have been no Whig jobs!

Before concluding, let us not omit the confession of our obligations for much ready information and easy reference to " Wheeler's History of Manchester "—a work as full of facts almost as of words, and a complete compendium of every thing relating to that important town and its various branches of industry unparalleled.

INDEX TO VOLUME XLI.

Affairs of Rome, by M. de la Menais, 251.
Alcibiades the Man, conclusion, 51-
Scene XIX. Alcibiades-Timandra, 54
-Scene XX. A Banquet, 56- Scene
XXI. Morning-The chamber of Ti-
mandra Timandra- Diophantes-af-
terwards Alcibiades, 58-Scene XXII.
Early in the morning, Alcibiades at an
open window-Timandra asleep on a
couch, 62-Scene XXIII Midnight-
Timandra's chamber-Timandra - An-
tisthenes-Diophantes, 67-Assassina-
tion of Alcibiades, 70.
Anthology, translations from the Greek,
by William Hay, 238, 622.

Baird, Sir David, inscription to his me-
mory, by Theodore Hook, on the obe-'
lisk erected on the Hill of Tammy-
Haslle, 12.

Birth-day, a poem, by Caroline Bowles,
reviewed, 404.

Bonaparte, Lucien, his Memoirs reviewed,
28.

Book of Baudoyn, an ancient chronicle of
chivalry, of which Baldwin, Earl of
Flanders, is the hero, 106.
Bowles, Caroline, a poem by her, called
the Birth-day, reviewed. 404.
Blew, W. J., his translations of Homer's
Hymns to Venus and Mars, 440, 441.
Burdett, Sir Francis, "A song for the peo-
ple," composed on the occasion of his
re-election for Westminster, 737-his
constitutional declaration secured him
his re-election, proved, 778-two songs
commemorative of his re-election,
quoted, 787.

Chapman, Mr, his translation of the
Eumenides, from Eschylus, quoted,
386-Sonnets by him, 447.
Chateaubriand, M., his character as a writer
estimated, 719.

Church of England, lines addressed to it,
341-rates, 682.

Church Music and other Parochials in a
letter from a Curate to his friend, 479.
-Medical attendance, 629-Other Pa-
rochials and extra Parochials, 762.
Cinderella; a dramatic tale, by Christian
Grabbe, reviewed, 668.

Conservatives of Scotland, a word in
season to them, 241
the majority
which drove Sir Robert

Peel from

office consists of Irish and Scotch mem-
bers, ib.-The emancipation act gave
to the priesthood of Ireland too much
power, ib.-the novelty of the electoral
privilege led away the people of Scot-
land, 242-the turn of the public mind
is now decidedly Conservative, ib.-the
fundamental mistake fallen into by the
Conservative party, was in not perceiv-
ing the practical working of the Reform
Bill, 243 it has admitted into the
House of Commons needy traders in
politics, ib.-men of fortune avoid asso-
ciation with them, 244-professions of
gratitude too frequently pass between the
representative and his constituents, ib.
-his duty of greater importance than
gratitude, 245-expenses of elections
have deterred Conservatives coming for-
ward, ib.-labour as well as money are
requisite to ensure success to the Con-
servative cause, 246- Conservatives
have been too little ambitious of popu-
lar favour, 247-the press the most
powerful instrument to support the Con-
servative policy, 247-the rest must be
effected by personal intercourse with
tenants and feuars, 248-great object
of the framers of the Reform Bill to
counteract the votes of agricultural elec
tors by village voters, 249-let no one
undervalue the effect of individual ex-
ertion, 250.

Delta, Echoes of Antiquity, second series,
by him, 701.

Democracy, 71-much as has been written
on democracy, the subject has not been
probed to the bottom, ib.-dark as the
prospect of Europe after the revolution
of the Barricades, its worst symptoms
were at home, 72-all the concurring
motives which can influence the human
heart, produced the Reform Bill, ib.—
This Magazine almost alone combated
the revolutionary monster, 73-foreign
and domestic results of the revolution,
ib.-Whigs invariably do what in Oppo-
sition they most vehemently condemned,
75-for example, they interfered in
the internal concerns of other states, ib.
-while at home, they corrupt patro-
nage, appoint foraging commissions,
encourage the Popish faction, insult the

Protestant Church, oppress the poor,
profess liberty, and attempt centralisa-
tion, by establishing a gendarmerie, and
grasping at the administration of the
turnpike roads, 76, et seq.-it was the
same in former revolutions, 77-cause
of revolution, deeply seated in the ori-
ginal corruption of the human heart, 78
-shown by depraved acts in the United
States, 80-by the delusive acts of
South America, 82-by the distracted
state of Spain, ib.-republicanism not
opposed to, but can only be supported
by the virtues of Christianity, 83-be-
fore it can be established the bonds of
society must be loosened, 84. -re-
publicans, aware of this, but their pana-
cea for all evils is education, ib.-mere
intellectual cultivation incompetent for
the purpose, 85-why aristocratic go-
vernment is preferable, demonstrated,
88-controlling power in good govern-
ment is number over property, 90.
Despatches of the Duke of Wellington,
No. I. Campaigns in India, 1-storming
of Seringapatam, 7-services in the
Mysore, 16 No. II. Armament at
Trincomolee, 200-No. III. War in the
Deccan, 445-Battle of Assye, 454-
No. IV, 706-armament at Cork for
Spain, 710-command bestowed on Sir
Hugh Dalrymple, and Sir Harry Bur-
rard, 714— Wellington's noble reply on
being superseded, ib.

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Domett, Alfred, his songs, portrait of the
Duke of Wellington, and Christmas
Hymn, quoted, 443, 444-his transla-
tions from Beranger, quoted, 703.
Dubourg, George, his account of the vio-
lin, reviewed, 91.

Dyer's specimen of British Poetesses, no-
ticed, 404.

Echoes of antiquity, second series, by
Delta, I. the complaint of Harald the
Valiant, 701-1. The Death Song of
I'Krimah, 702-III. Ben Ephraim's
deathbed, ib.

English Church Rates, and the Scotch

Church Establishment, 682-abolition-
ists of church-rates anxious to discon-
nect them from the question of a national
church, ib.-There are only two ima-
ginable grounds of distinction between
church-rates and tithes, law and hard-
ship, both of which proved untenable,
683-principle of abolition of church-
rates, if applied, would accomplish the
destruction of the Scotch church, 685
-English church-rates, if a voluntary
tax, so must be Scotch assessment for
churches and manses, 686-and paro-
chial schools, 688,-church-rates if op-
pressive to dissenters in England, much
more the assessment to Episcopalians
in Scotland, ib.-has the effect which

the abolition of church-rates would
have on the Scotch church been duly
weighed? 689-similarity of rates and
assessment ought to influence the con-
duct of dissenters similarly towards both,
ib.Scotch dissenters can have no
other motive to interfere in the ques-
tion of English church-rates than the
desire for the overthrow of the Scotch
church, 690-for the establishment of
the voluntary principle, ib.- Protest of
some town councillors against the in-
terference of the Edinburgh town coun-
cil in the question of English church-
rates, given, in a note, 691-juggling
nature of the proposition to abolish
church rates, exposed, 692.
Eumenides, the, translated from Eschylus,
by Mr Chapman, 386.

Factor System and the ten hours bill, con-
sidered, 836.

Fearn, Mr John, his letter expressive of
coincidence of sentiment with the author
of the Metaphysician, 265.
Fictitious Votes, on, 375-Object of the
Reform Bill to found the elective fran-
chise on property, ib.-Clamour against
fictitious votes, arisen on account of the
triumphs of Conservatism, ib.-no just
grounds for asserting the Scottish con-
stituency to have obtained the elective
franchise on other rights than the Re-
form Bill, 377-all votes founded on
property, liferent, aud tenancy, in ac-
cordance with the Reform Bill, 378-
What does the Whig clamour on this
subject mean? 385-are they prepared
to meet the question of Universal Suf-
frage? ib.

Foreign Policy, 276-French non-inter-
vention contrasts favourably with Bri-
tish intervention, ib.-relief of Bilboa,
not the pacification of Spain, 280—
Christinos have weakened, the Carlists
improved, their prospects, 281-ulti-
mate triumph of the Christinos would
not preserve Spain from republicanism,
282-Intrigue of Thiers for direct inter-
ference thwarted by Louis Philippe,
284-Levies of men raised by Napoleon
from May 1804, to April 1814, chiefly
to support the war in Spain, 285-loss
of war materiel sustained by him in
1812, 1813, and 1814, ib.-Britain,
though more rash than France, unable
to prevent the establishment of demo-
cratic constitutions in Spain and Portu-
gal, 286-consequences of intervention
policy reprobated, 288.

French Classics, Modern, No. I. Madame
de Staël and Chateaubriand, 715.

Grabbe, Christian, his dramatic tale of
Cinderella reviewed, 668.

258.

Griselda, the Clerke's tale, remade from Metyphysician, the, No. VIII, reasoning,
Chaucer, 655,

Hall, Basil, his remarks on Mr Crans-
toun's letter, containing Strictures on
Hall's Schloss Hainfeld, 31-his trans-
lation of Pelet's Napoleon in Council,
reviewed, 529.

Hallam's Introduction to the Literature of
Europe during the 15th, 16th, and 17th
centuries, reviewed, 614.
Hay, William, his translations from the
Greek Anthology, 238, 622.

Hero and Leander, a poem, translated from
the Greek of Musæus. By F. T. Price,
Hereford, 267.

Historical Painting, report from the select
committee on arts, and their connexion

with manufactures, considered, 183, 343.
History, the secrets of it, No. I. The

Spanish Conspiracy against Venice, con-
sidered, 643.

Hymn concerning Venus, translated from
the Greek of Homer, by F. T. Price,
Hereford, 828.

Irish Corporation Bill, a speech which
would have been spoken in the House
of Lords on it, had not circumstances
prevented, 813.

John Bull, Fragments from the History of,

Part II. Chap. I. of the fight about the
arm chair in the servant's hall, 544-
Chap. II. How Bobby gave up his place
when Patrick's bill was protested, 546
-Chap III. How Tipperary insisted on
having his choice of his own livery;
and how they proposed to pay Martin
out of his right hand pocket for what
they took out of his left, 548.

Landor, Mr, his imaginary conversations,
criticised, 291, 493.

Legends and Superstitions, sources of
Mediæval, 741.

Leila, a story, 312.

Letter to Lord Brougham and Vaux, dis-
proving Malthus' fundamental proposi-
tion on population, 363.
Lieutenant Jack Ricketts and the Widow,
a tale, 510.

Literary Criticisms by a Lawyer, 788.
Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino, and
Frederick Von Raumer, professor of
history and political science at Berlin,
their characters considered, 21.

Macnaughten, Sir Francis, his observa-
tions on the present state of Ireland,
noticed, 306.

Malthus, Mr, his fundamental propositions
on population, disproved, 363.

Menais, M. de la, his book on the affairs
of Rome, reviewed, 251.

Ministry and the people, the workhouse
system, the factory system, and the ten
hours' bill, 836.

Modern French classics, No. I.—Madame
de Staël and Chauteaubriand, 715-The
two great eras of French Prose Litera-
ture, 716-Ancient and Modern French
Writers compared, 717-Madame de
Staël and Chateaubriand compared,
717 and 719-Corinne, character of
that work given, 718-Dix Années
d'Exil, character of it given, ib.—Finest
passages of Chauteaubriand quoted,
719 Finest passages of Madame de
Staël quoted, 721-Finest passages of
Sir Walter quoted, 724-Sir Walter
compared with Madame de Staël and
Chateaubriand, 726.

-

Mont Blanc, lines addressed to it, 274.
Mountain Decameron, the tragical pas-
sion of Marmaduke Paull, 118-High-
lands of Scotland reviewed by the Eng-
lish, through the writings of Scott, ib.
-prose and poetry, 120.

Napoleon in Council, Review of Pelet's
book of that name, 529.

Obelisk of Luxor, the, 354.
Our two Vases, an article containing nu-
merous Translations from the Greek,
and Modern minor poems, 429.

Page, the, a Story of one in the reign
of Charles IX., from the German, 218.
Painting, Historical, 183-343.

Pegsworth: a Pressroom Sketch, by an
old Contributor, 523.

Pericles and Aspasia, No. I., 289, No.
II., 493.

Picture Gallery, 795.

Poor, Parochial Sketches among them,
No. I., 48.

Price, F. T., his translations of Hero and
Leander, from the Greek of Musæus,
267 of the Epigrams of Theocritus,
443-from Bion and Moschus, 436-
of Homer's hymn concerning Venus,
828.

-

Prospects of the session, 301-condition
of the Cabinet, ib-the Conservatives,
ib., 302-the Radicals, 303-the Ra-
dicals would establish a Democracy,
by Annual Parliaments, ib.-Universal
Suffrage, 304-Vote by Ballot, ib. -
The Popish priesthood depicted, 305
-character of the National Associa-
tion of Ireland, by Sir Francis Mac-
naughten, given, 306-His Opinion of
the Repeal of the Union, quoted, 307
-the Popish Faction, the incarnation
of evil, 309-imbecile remarks of Lord

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