1793

.50 to $3

1847

4.00 to 12

1821

10 to 15

1796 (with stars)$12 to $18

1796

1848

3.00 to 10

1822

.100 to 150❘ 1797

10 to 15

1802

1831

..5.00 to 25
.50 to 2 1849 (small date) 2.50 to 8
.3.00 to 10 1852
2.00 to 6

Note: At auction in New York city in 1907 the following prices were paid for half-cents: 1831, $62; 1840, $50; 1841, $33; 1842, $95; 1843, $56; 1844, $61; 1845, $110; 1846, $57; 1847, $53; 1848, $50; 1852, $51.

NOTABLE PRICES FOR COINS.

At an auction in Philadelphia, Pa., June 26, 1907, $3,600 was paid for a United States silver dollar of 1804, of which only six specimens are known to be in existence. For a half-eagle coined in 1815 the sum of $2,000 was paid. Only six of this coin are extant.

AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.

President, Archer M. Huntington; corresponding secretary. Henry Russell Drowne. Headquarters, New York, N. Y.

CHICAGO NUMISMATIC SOCIETY.

President, W. F. Dunham; secretary, Ben. G. Green. Headquarters, Masonic Temple, sixteenth floor.

Alabama-Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday); Feb. 22; Mardi Gras (the day before Ash Wednesday, first day of Lent); Good Friday (the Friday before Easter); April 26 (Confederate Memorial day); June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday); July 4; Labor day (first Monday in September); Thanksgiving day (last Thursday in November); Dec. 25.

Alaska-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30 (Decoration day); July 4; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Arizona-Jan. 1; Arbor day (first Monday in February); Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Arkansas-Jan. 1. Feb. 22; July 4; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

California-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; Sept. 9 (Admission day); Labor day (first Monday in September); general election day in November; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Colorado-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Arbor and School day (third Friday in April); May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday aft ernoon from June 1 to Aug. 31 in the city of Denver.

Connecticut-Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birthday); Feb. 22; Good Friday; May 30; July 4; Labor day (first Monday in September); Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Delaware-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

District of Columbia-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; March 4 (Inauguration day); May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Florida-Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday); Arbor day (first Friday in February); Feb. 22; April 26 (Confederate Memorial day); June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday); July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; general election day; Dec. 25.

Georgia-Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday); Feb. 22; April 26 (Confederate Memorial day); June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday); July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Arbor day (first Friday in December); Dec. 25. Idaho Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Arbor day (first Friday after May 1); July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Illinois-Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birthday); Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; Labor day (first Monday in September); general, state, county and city election days; Saturday afternoons; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; Arbor, Bird and Flag days are appointed by the governor. The two first named come together and are usually fixed for the middle of April. Flag day comes about the middle of June.

day;

Indiana-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Indian Territory-July 4; Dec. 25.

Iowa-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Kansas-The only holidays by statute are Feb. 22; May 30; Labor day (first Monday in September) and Arbor day; but the days commonly observed in other states are holidays by common

consent.

Kentucky-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; general election day; Dec. 25.

Louisiana-Jan. 1; Jan. 8 (anniversary of the battle of New Orleans); Feb. 22; Mardi Gras (day before Ash Wednesday); Good Friday (Friday before Easter); April 26 (Confederate Memorial day); July 4; Nov. 1 (All Saints' day); general election day; fourth Saturday in November (Labor day, in the parish of New Orleans only); Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon in New Orleans.

Maine Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Good Friday; May 30; July 4; Labor day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Maryland-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Sept. 12 (Defenders' day); general election day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon.

Massachusetts-Feb. 22; April 19 (Patriots' day); May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Michigan-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Dec.

25.

Minnesota-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; Good Friday (Friday before Easter); May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; general election day; Dec. 25; Arbor day (as appointed by the governor).

Mississippi-First Monday in September; by common consent July 4, Thanksgiving day and Dec. 25 are observed as holidays.

Missouri-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; Labor day; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon in cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants. Montana-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Arbor day (third Tuesday in April); May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; any day appointed by the governor as a fast day. Nebraska-Jan. 1; Feb. 22;

Arbor day (April 22); May 30: July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Nevada-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; July 4; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

New Hampshire-Feb. 22; fast day appointed by the governor; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day; general election day; Dec. 25.

New Jersey-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general, election day; Thanksgiving and fast days, and every Saturday afternoon.

New Mexico-Jan. 1; July 4; Thanksgiving and fast days; Dec. 25; Decoration, Labor and Arbor days appointed by the governor.

New York-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving and fast days; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon.

North Carolina-Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday); May 10 (Confederate Memorial day); May 20 (anniversary of the signing of the Mecklenburg declaration of independence); July 4; state election day in August; first Thursday in_September (Labor day); Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon.

North Dakota-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; Arbor day (when appointed by the governor); general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Ohio Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon in cities of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Oklahoma-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Oregon-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; first Saturday in June; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; public fast day; Dec. 25.

Pennsylvania-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; Good Friday; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon.

Philippines-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Thursday and Friday of Holy week; July 4; Aug. 13; Thanksgiv ing day; Dec. 25; Dec. 30.

Porto Rico-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; Good Friday: May 30; July 4; July 25 (Landing day); Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Rhode Island-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; second Friday in May (Arbor day); May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiv ing day; Dec. 25.

noon.

South Carolina-Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday) Feb. 22; May 10 (Confederate Memorial day); June 3 (Jefferson Davis' birthday); general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25, 26, 27. South Dakota-Same as in North Dakota. Tennessee Jan. 1; Good Friday; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25; every Saturday afterTexas-Jan. 1; Feb. 22 (Arbor day); March 2 (anniversary of Texas independence); April 21 (anniversary of battle of San Jacinto); July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; appointed fast days; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25. Utah-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; April 15 (Arbor day); May 30; July 4; July 24 (Pioneer day); first Monday in September; Thanksgiving day and appointed fast days; Dec. 25.

Vermont-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; Aug. 16 (Bennington Battle day); Labor day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Virginia-Jan. 1; Jan. 19 (Lee's birthday); Feb. 22; July 4; first Monday in September; Thanks

giving and appointed fast days; Dec. 25; every Saturday afternoon. Washington-Jan. 1; Feb. 12 (Lincoln's birthday); Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

West Virginia-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; Labor day; general election day: Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Wisconsin-Jan. 1; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4: first Monday in September; general election day; Thanksgiving day; Dec. 25.

Wyoming-Jan. 1; Feb. 12; Feb. 22; May 30; July 4; first Monday in September; general election day; Dec. 25.

The national holidays, such as July 4, New Year's, etc., are such by general custom and observance and not because of congressional legislation. Congress has passed no laws establishing holidays for the whole country. It has made Labor day a holiday in the District of Columbia, but the law is of no effect elsewhere.

All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. (Fourteenth amendment. to the constitution.)

All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are declared to be citizens of the United States. (Sec. 1992, U. S. Revised Statutes.)

All children heretofore born or hereafter born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the United States, whose fathers were or may be, at the time of their birth, citizens thereof, are declared to be citizens of the United States: but the rights of citizenship shall not descend to children whose fathers never resided in the United States. (Sec. 1993, U. S. Revised Statutes.)

Any woman who is now or may hereafter be married to a citizen of the United States and who might herself be lawfully naturalized shall be deemed a citizen. (Sec. 1995, U. S. Revised Statutes.)

Children born in the United States of alien parents are citizens of the United States.

When any alien who has formally declared his intention of becoming a citizen of the United States dies before he is actually naturalized the widow and children of such alien are citizens.

Children of Chinese parents who are themselves aliens and incapable of becoming naturalized are citizens of the United States.

Children born in the United States of persons engaged in the diplomatic service of foreign governments are not citizens of the United States. Children born of alien parents on a vessel of a foreign country while within the waters of the United States are not citizens of the United States, but of the country to which the vessel belongs.

Children born of alien parents in the United States have the right to make an election of nationality when they reach their majority.

Minors and children are citizens within the meaning of the term as used in the constitution. Deserters from the military or naval service of the United States are liable to loss of citizenship. Any alien being a free white person, an alien of African nativity or of African descent may become an American citizen by complying with the naturalization laws (which see in this volume).

"Hereafter no state court or court of the United States shall admit Chinese to citizenship: and all laws in conflict with this act are repealed." 14, act of May 6, 1882.)

(Sec.

The courts have held that neither Chinese, Japanese, Hawaiians, Burmese nor Indians can be naturalized.

The naturalization laws apply to women as well as men. An alien woman who marries a citizen, native or naturalized, becomes a naturalized citizen of the United States.

Aliens may become citizens of the United States

When any naturalized citizen shall have resided for two years in the foreign state from which he came, or five years in any other foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has ceased to be an American citizen, and the place of his general abode shall be deemed his place of residence during said years; provided, however, that such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the department of state may prescribe; and, provided also, that no American citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself when this country is at war.

Any American woman who marries a foreigner shall take the nationality of her husband. At the termination of the marital relation she may resume her American citizenship, if abroad, by registering as an American citizen within one year with a consul of the United States, or by returning to reside in the United States, or, if residing in the United States at the termination of the marital relation, by continuing to reside therein. Any foreign woman who acquires American citizenship by marriage to an American citizen shall be assumed to retain the same after the termination of the marital relation if she continue to reside in the United States, unless she makes formal renunciation thereof before a court having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens, or, if she resides abroad, she may retain her citizenship by registering as such before a United States consul within one year after the termination of such marital relation.

A child born without the United States, of alien parents, shall be deemed a citizen of the United States by virtue of the naturalization of or resumption of American citizenship of the parent: provided that such naturalization or resumption takes place during the minority of such child; and, provided further, that the citizenship of such minor child shall begin at the time such minor child begins to reside permanently in the United States. All children born outside the limits of the United States, who are citizens thereof in accordance with the provisions of section 1993 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (see above). and who continue to reside outside of the United States, shall, in order to receive the protection of the government, be required, upon reaching the age of 18 years, to record at an American consulate their intention to become residents and remain citizens of the United States and shall further be required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States upon attaining their majority.

COTTON-MILL OPERATIVES.

GLASS WORKERS.

Of the total number of child cotton-mill operatives 80.4 per cent were reported from two comparatively small areas. The New England states contained 30.8 per cent and three southern states-North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia-contained 49.6 per cent. In the north about 1 cotton-mill operative in every 10 was 10 to 15 years of age, while in the south the corresponding ratio is about 3 in every 10. More girls than boys are employed in the cotton mills in both sections of the country.

The following table shows the number of cotton-mill operatives 10 to 15 years of age in 1900:

New York.
Ohio

Pennsylvania

All other states.. United States..

CHILD MINE WORKERS.

Number and per cent of boys 10 to 15 years of age employed in mines and quarries, with proportion of total number so employed, by states and territories (1900).

1,749

3.9

1,892

4.3

205

0.5

State or territory.

6,634

14.9

2,122

4.8

1,053

2.4

Ohio

550

1.2

New Jersey

West Virginia.

Pennsylvania

Alabama

Indiana

Tennessee

Iowa

Indiana

All other states and territories* 1,206

Continental United States.....24, 105 *Includes twenty-nine states and territories.

ERRAND AND OFFICE BOYS.

Of the 71,622 messengers and errand and office boys in the United States in 1900 62 per cent were district and telegraph messengers and errand boys, 23.3 per cent were office boys and 14.7 per cent were bundle and cash boys or girls. Nine-tenths of the children employed in such service are boys.