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PRESIDENTS AND THEIR CABINETS.

PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS.

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Theodore Roosevelt..

Theodore Roosevelt
Charles W. Fairbanks

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1789 T. Jefferson.. .1789 Alex. Hamilton.. 1789 Henry Knox...1789
1789 E. Randolph... ..1794 Oliver Wolcott..1795 T. Pickering...1795
T. Pickering.....1795
Jas. McHenry..1796
1797 T. Pickering.. 1797 Oliver Wolcott...1797 Jas. McHenry..1797
1797 John Marshall...1800 Samuel Dexter..1801 John Marshall.1800
Sam'l Dexter..1800
R. Griswold....1801

1801 James Madison..1801 Samuel Dexter..1801 H. Dearborn...1801
1801
Albert Gallatin..1801
1805

1809 Robert Smith....1809 Albert Gallatin..1809 Wm. Eustis....1809
1809 James Monroe...1811 G. W. Campbell..1814 J. Armstrong..1813
1813
A. J. Dallas.....1814 James Monroe. 1814
W. H. Crawford. 1816 W.H.Crawford 1815
1817 W. H. Crawford. 1817 Isaac Shelby...1817
Geo. Graham..1817
J. C. Calhoun..1817

1817 J. Q. Adams.
1817

1825 Henry Clay......1825 Richard Rush....1825 Jas. Barbour...1825
1825
Peter B.Porter.1828
1829 M. Van Buren....1829 Sam. D. Ingham. 1829 John H. Eaton. 1829
1829 E. Livingston....1831 Louis McLane....1831 Lewis Cass.....1831
1833 Louis McLane....1833 W. J. Duace......1833 B. F. Butler....1837
John Forsyth....1834 Roger B. Taney..1833

Levi Woodbury..1834

1837 John Forsyth... 1837 Levi Woodbury.. 1837 Joel R. Poinsett1837 1837

1841 Daniel Webster..1841 Thos. Ewing......1841 John Bell............. 1841

.......1841 1841 Daniel Webster.. 1841 Thos. Ewing... 1841 John Bell.......1841 Hugh S. Legare.. 1843 Walter Forward. 1841 John McLean..1841 Abel P. Upshur..1843 John C. Spencer..1843 J. C. Spencer...1811 John C. Calhoun.1844 Geo. M. Bibb.....1844 Jas. M. Porter.. 1843 Wm. Wilkins.. 1844

1845 James Buchanan1845 Robt. J. Walker. 1845 Wm. L. Marcy. 1845 1845

1849 John M. Clayton.1849 Wm. M.Meredith 1849 G.W. Crawford. 1849 1849

1850 Daniel Webster..1850 Thomas Corwin.. 1850 C. M. Conrad...1850 Edward Everett..1852

1853 W. L. Marcy......1853 James Guthrie...1855 Jefferson Davis 1853 1853

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1901 John Hay.........1901 Lyman J. Gage..1901 Elihu Root.....1901 Leslie M. Shaw..1902 Wm. H. Taft. .1904

1905 John Hayt. .1905 Leslie M. Shaw..1905 Wm. H. Taft...1905 1905 Elihu Root.......1905 G. B. Cortely ou..1907

*Elected two consecutive terms. Died while in office. Resigned.

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William B. Preston...1849 Thomas Ewing.....1849 Jacob Collamer....1849 Reverdy Johnson 1849
William A. Graham...1850 Thomas A.Pearce..1850 Nathan K. Hall....1850 J. J. Crittenden..1850
John P. Kennedy......1852 T. M. T. McKernon1850 Sam D. Hubbard...1852

James C. Dobbin...
Isaac Toucey
Gideon Welles...

Gideon Welles

A. H. H. Stuart....1850

1853 Robt. McClelland..1853 James Campbell...1853 Caleb Cushing...1853
..1857 Jacob Thompson..1857 Aaron V. Brown. .1857 J. S. Black.

.1861 Caleb B. Smith...
John P. Usher..

...1857

1865

Joseph Holt... .1859 Edw. M. Stanton.1860
1861 Montgomery Blair.1861 Edward Bates...1861
.1863 William Dennison.1864 Titian J. Coffey..1863
James Speed.....1864
.1865 John P. Usher... 1865 William Dennison.1865 James Speed...
James Harlan.. .1865 A. W. Randall.....1866 Henry Stanbery. 1866
O. H. Browning....1866|
Wm. M. Evarts...1868
Adolph E. Borie.......1869 Jacob D. Cox. .1869 J. A. J. Cresswell..1869 E. R. Hoar.... 1869
George M. Robeson ...1869 Columbus Delano..1870 Jas. W. Marshall...1874 A. T. Ackerman..1870
Zach Chandler.....1875 Marshall Jewell...1874 Geo. H. Williams. 1871
James N. Tyner...1876 Edw. Pierrepont.1875
Alphonso Taft...1876

R. W. Thompson.
Nathan Goff, Jr...
W. H. Hunt..
W. E. Chandler....

W. C. Whitney.
Benj. F. Tracy.
Hilary A. Herbert..
John D. Long.

John D. Long..
Wm. H. Moody.
Paul Morton...

C. J. Bonaparte.

1877 Carl Schurz........1877 David M. Key......1877 Chas. Devens.....1877
.1881
Horace Maynard.. 1880
.1881 S. J. Kirkwood.....188 T. L. James..
..1881 Henry M.Teller....1881 T. O. Howe..

..1885 L. Q. C. Lamar.

Wm. F. Vilas.... 1889 John W. Noble.. 1893 Hoke Smith...

D. R. Francis... .1897 C. N. Bliss.

E.A.Hitchcock..

W.Q. Gresham.. Frank Hatton.. 1885 Wm. F. Vilas..

1881 W. Mac Veagh....1881 1881 B. H. Brewster...1881 .1883

.1884

.1885 A.H. Garland....1885 N. J. Colman.1889

1888 D.M.Dickinson.....1888

..1889 J. Wanamaker.....1889 W. H. H. Miller.. 1889 J. M. Rusk ..1889

1893 W. S. Bissell... 1893 R. Olney.
1896 W. L. Wilson.... ..1895 J. Harmon..
1897 James A. Gary.. ..1897 J. McKenna..
.1899 Chas. E. Smith.....1898 J. W. Griggs..
P. C. Knox

1901 E.A.Hitchcock.....1901 Chas. E. Smith..
1902
Henry C.Payne..
Robt. J.Wynne..
1905 E.A.Hitchcock.....1905 G.B.Cortelyou..

1904

.1893 J. S. Morton.1893 .1895

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1905 W. H. Moody.....1905 J. Wilson.....1905 Victor H. Metcalf....1907 J. R. Garfield.. 1907 G. v. L. Meyer......1907 C. J. Bonaparte..1907

*This department was established by an act of congress March 3, 1849. Not a cabinet officer until 1829. Secretaries of Commerce and Labor (department established Feb. 14, 1903)-George B. Cortelyou. 1903. Victor H. Metcalf, 1904-1906; Oscar S. Straus, 1907.

+Established Feb. 11, 1889.

POPULAR VOTE FOR PRESIDENT (1824*-1904).

1824-J. Q. Adams had 105,321 to 155,872 for Jackson, 44,282 for Crawford and 46,587 for Clay. Jackson over Adams, 50,551. Adams less than combined vote of others, 141,420. Of the whole vote Adams had 29.92 per cent, Jackson 44.27, Clay 13.23, Crawford 12.58. Adams elected by house of representatives. 1828-Jackson had 647,231 to 509,097 for J. Q. Adams. Jackson's majority, 138,134. Of the whole vote Jackson had 55.97 per cent, Adams 44.03.

1832-Jackson had 687,502 to 530,189 for Clay and 33,108 for Floyd and Wirt combined. Jackson's majority, 124,205. Of the whole vote Jackson had 54.96 per cent, Clay 42.39 and the others combined 2.65.

1836-Van Buren had 761,549 to 736,656, the combined vote for Harrison, White, Webster and Mangum. Van Buren's majority, 24,893. Of the whole vote Van Buren had 50.83 per cent and the others combined 49.17. 1840-Harrison had 1,275,017 to 1,128,702 for Van Buren and 7,059 for Birney. Harrison's majority, 139,256. Of the whole vote Harrison had 52.89 per cent, Van Buren 46.82 and Birney .39.

1844-Polk had 1,337,243 to 1,299,068 for Clay and 62,300 for Birney. Polk over Clay, 38,175. Polk less than others combined, 24,125. Of the whole vote Polk had 49.55 per cent, Clay 48.14 and Birney 2.31. 1848-Taylor had 1,360,101 to 1.220.544 for Cass and 291,263 for Van Buren. Taylor over Cass, 139,557. Taylor less than others combined, 152,706. Of the whole vote Taylor had 47.36 per cent, Cass 42.50 and Van Buren 10.14. 1852-Pierce had 1,601,474 to 1,380,576 for Scott, 156,149 for Hale and 1,670 for Daniel. Webster. Pierce over all, 63,079. Of the whole vote Pierce had 50.90 per cent, Scott 44.10 and Hale 4.97. 1856-Buchanan had 1,838,169 to 1,341,264 for Fremont and 874,534 for Fillmore. Buchanan Over Fremont, 496,905. Buchanan less than combined vote of others, 377,629. Of the whole vote Buchanan had 45.34 per cent, Fremont 33.19 and Fillmore 21.57. 1860-Lincoln had 1,866,352 to 1,375,157 for Douglas. 845,763 for Breckinridge and 589.581 for Bell. Lincoln over Douglas, 491,195. Lincoln less than Douglas and Breckinridge combined, 354.568. Lincoln less than combined vote of all others, 944,149. Of the whole vote Lincoln had 39.91 per cent, Douglas 29.40, Breckinridge 18.08 and Bell 12.61. 1864-Lincoln had 2,216,067 to 1.808,725 for McClellan (eleven states not voting, viz.: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina. Tennessee, Texas and Virginia). Lincoln's majority, 407,342. Of the whole vote Lincoln had 55.06 per cent and McClellan 44.94. 1868-Grant had 3.015.071 to 2,709,613 for Seymour (three states not voting, viz.: Mississippi, Texas and Virginia). Grant's majority, 305.458. Of the whole vote Grant had 52.67 per cent and Seymour 47.33.

1872-Grant had 3,597,070 to 2,834.079 for Gree

ley, 29,408 for O'Conor and 5,608 for Black. Grant's majority, 729,975. Of the whole vote Grant had 55.63 per cent, Greeley 43.83, O'Conor 15 and Black .09. 1876-Hayes had 4,033,950 to 4,284,885 for Tilden, 81,740 for Cooper, 9,522 for Smith and 2,636 scattering. Tilden's majority over Hayes, 250,935. Tilden's majority of the entire vote cast, 157,037. Hayes less than the combined vote of others 344,833. Of the whole vote cast Hayes had 47.95 per cent, Tilden 50.94, Cooper .97, Smith .11, scattering .03. 1880-Garfield had 4,449,053 to 4,442,035 for Hancock, 307,306 for Weaver and 12,576 scattering. Garfield over Hancock, 7,018. Garfield less than the combined vote for others, 313,864. Of the popular vote Garfield had 48.26 per cent, Hancock 48.25, Weaver 3.33, scattering .13. 1884-Cleveland had 4,911,017 to 4,848,334 for Blaine, 151,809 for St. John, 133,825 for Butler. Cleveland had over Blaine 62,683. Cleveland had 48.48 per cent, Blaine 48.22, St. John 1.56, Butler 1.33.

1888-Harrison had 5,440,216 to 5,538,233 for Cleveland. 249,937 for Fisk, 141,105 for Streeter, 2,808 for Cowdrey, 1,591 for Curtis and 9,845 scattering. Harrison had 98,017 less than Cleveland. Of the whole vote Harrison had 47.83 per cent, Cleveland 48.63. Fisk 2.21 and Streeter 1.28. 1892-Cleveland had 5,556,918 to 5,176,108 for Harrison, 264,133 for Bidwell, 1,041,028 for Weaver and 21,164 for Wing. Cleveland had over Harrison 380,810. Of the whole vote Cleveland had 45.73 per cent, Harrison 42.49, Bidwell 2.17 and Weaver 8.67. 1896-McKinley had 7,104,779, Bryan, 6,502,925; Levering, 132,007; Bentley, 13,969; Matchett, 36,274; Palmer, 133,148. McKinley had over Bryan 601,854 votes. Of the whole vote McKinley had 50.49 per cent and Bryan 46.26. 1900-McKinley had 7,217,810 to 6,357,826 for Bryan, 208,791 for Woolley, 50,218 for Barker, 87,769 for Debs, 39,944 for Malloney, 518 for Leonard and 5,098 for Ellis. McKinley over Bryan, 859.984. McKinley's majority over all. 367,646. Of the whole vote McKinley received 51.66 per cent and Bryan 45.51 per cent. 1904-Roosevelt had 7.620.670 to 5.080,207 for Parker, 258.205 for Swallow, 401,380 for Debs, 111,373 for Watson, 41,350 for Corregan and 836 for Holcomb. Roosevelt over Parker, 2,540,463. Roosevelt's majority over all, 1.727,345. Of the whole vote Roosevelt received 57.13 per cent and Parker 38 per cent.

Of the presidents, Adams, federalist; Polk, Buchanan and Cleveland, democrats: Taylor, whig; Lincoln (first term), Hayes, Garfield and Harrison, republicans, did not, when elected, receive a majority of the popular vote. The highest percentage of popular vote received by any president was 57.13 for Roosevelt, republican, in 1904; the lowest, 39.91 for Lincoln, republican, in 1860; Buchanan, democrat, next lowest, with 45.34.

*Prior to 1824 electors were chosen by the legislatures of the different states.

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APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS.

[Condensed from Rules of Practice in the United States patent office.]

A patent may be obtained by any person who has invented or discovered any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof not previously patented or described in this or any other country, for more than two years prior to his application, unless the same is proved to have been abandoned. A patent may also be obtained for any new design for a manufacture, bust, statue. alto-relievo or bas-relief; for the printing of woolen, silk or other fabrics; for any new impression, ornament, pattern, print or picture to be placed on or woven into any article of manufacture; and for any new, useful and orginal shape or configuration of any article of manufacture, upon payment of fees and taking the other necessary steps.

Applications for patents must be in writing, in the English language and signed by the inventor if alive. The application must include the first fee of $15, a petition, specification and oath, and drawings, model or specimen when required. The petition must be addressed to the commissioner of patents and must give the name and full address of the applicant, must designate by title the invention sought to be patented, must contain a reference to the specification for a full disclosure of such invention and must be signed by the applicant.

The specification must contain the following in the order named: Name and residence of the applicant with title of invention; a general statement of the object and nature of the invention; a brief description of the several views of the drawings (if the invention admits of such illustration); a detailed description; claim or claims; signature of inventor and signatures of two witnesses. Claims for a machine and its product and claims for a machine and the process in the performance of which the machine is used must be presented in separate applications, but claims for a process and its product may be presented in the same application.

The applicant, if the inventor, must make oath or affirmation that he believes himself to be the first inventor or discoverer of that which he seeks to have patented. The oath or affirmation must also state of what country he is a citizen and where he resides. In every original application the applicant must swear or affirm that the invention has not been patented to himself or to others with his knowledge or consent in this or any foreign country for more than two years prior to his application, or on an application for a patent filed in any foreign country by himself or his legal representatives or assigns more than seven months prior to his application. If application has been made in any foreign country full and explicit details must be given. The oath or affirmation may be made before any one who is authorized by the laws of his country to administer oaths.

Drawings must be on white paper with india ink and the sheets must be exactly 10x15 inches in size, with a margin of one inch. They must show all details clearly and without the use of superfluous lines.

Applications for reissues must state why the original patent is believed to be defective and tell precisely how the errors were made. These applications must be accompanied by the original patent and an offer to surrender the same; or, if the original be lost, by an affidavit to that effect and certified copy of the patent. Every applicant whose claims have been twice rejected for the same reasons may appeal from the primary examiners to the examiners in chief upon the payment of a fee of $10.

The duration of patents is for seventeen years except in the case of design patents, which may be for three and a half, seven or fourteen years as the inventor may elect.

Caveats or notices given to the patent office of claims to inventions to prevent the issue of patents to other persons upon the same invention, without notice to caveators, may be filed upon the payment of a fee of $10. Caveats must contain the same information as applications for patents. Schedule of fees and prices: Original application.. On issue of patent.. Design patent (3 years). Design patent (7 years)..

Design patent (14 years).
Caveat

Reissue

First appeal..

Second appeal..

For certified copies of printed patents:
Specifications and drawing, per copy.
Certificate

Grant

For manuscript copies of records, per 100 words

If certified, for certificate

Blue prints of drawings, 10x15, per copy
Blue prints of drawings, 7x11, per copy.
Blue prints of drawings, 5x8, per copy..
For searching records or titles, per hour.
For the Official Gazette, per year, in United
States

$15.00

20.00

10.00

15.00

30.00

10.00

30.00

10.00

20.00

$0.05

.25

.50

.10

.25

.25

.15

.05

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5.00

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The articles specified by law as proper subjects of copyright are: Books, maps, charts, dramatic compositions, musical compositions, engravings, cuts, prints, photographs, photographic negatives, chromos, lithographs, periodicals, paintings, drawings, statuary and models or designs intended to be perfected as works of fine art.

Any one desiring to secure a copyright should send to the librarian of congress for a blank application. This must be filled up according to the printed directions, which will be found plainly and specifically given on the blank itself. A printed or typewritten copy of the title of the article to be copyrighted must accompany the application;

in

46,449 27,373 46.641 27,886 50,213 31.699 52,143 30,934 54,971 30,399 56,482 31,965

the case of paintings, drawings, statuary or designs, descriptions must be inclosed. On or before the day of publication two complete copies of the bobk or other artele must be sent to the library of congress to perfect the copyright.

The fee for the entry of title of production of a citizen of the United States is 50 cents: for a foreigner, $1; certificates, 50 cents additional in either case. Remittances must be made by money order, express order or bank draft; postage stamps and checks will not be accepted. The copyright is for twenty-eight years, but it may be renewed for fourteen more.

BY BALLOON FROM GERMANY TO ENGLAND.

Drs. Yurt Wegener and Adolph Koch, German aeronauts, left Bitterfield, near Berlin, Germany, Wednesday evening, April 10, 1907, in an ordinary balloon and the next day arrived at Leicester,

England, after a voyage of 812 miles, lasting only nineteen hours. It was one of the longest, as well as fastest, trips of the kind on record.

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*Owing to the death of Mr. Greeley, the 66 electoral votes were variously cast. Thomas A. Hendricks received 42, B. Gratz Brown 18, Horace Greeley 3, Charles J. Jenkins 2, David Davis 1.

Prohibition

132.107

National...

13,969

Soc. Labor..

36,274

Nat. Dem...

133,148

Republican.

7,217,810

292

6,357,826

155

208.791

50,218

87,769

39,944

518

5.098

Republican

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Democrat..

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