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APPLICATIONS FOR PATENTS.

[Condensed from Rules of Practice in the United States patent office.]

A patent may be obtained by any person who has invented or discovered any new and useful art, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof not previously patented or described in this or any other country, for more than two years prior to his application, unless the same is proved to have been abandoned. A patent may also be obtained for any new design for a manufacture, bust, statue, alto-relievo or bas-relief; for the printing of woolen, silk or other fabrics; for any new impression, ornament, pattern, print or picture to be placed on or woven into any article of manufacture; and for any new, useful and orginal shape or configuration of any article of manufacture, upon payment of fees and taking the other necessary steps.

Applications for patents must be in writing, in the English language and signed by the inventor if alive. The application must include the first fee of $15, a petition, specification and oath, and drawings, model or specimen when required. The petition must be addressed to the commissioner of patents and must give the name and full address of the applicant, must designate by title the invention sought to be patented, must contain a reference to the specification for a full disclosure of such invention and must be signed by the applicant.

The specification must contain the following in the order named: Name and residence of the applicant with title of invention; a general statement of the object and nature of the invention; a brief description of the several views of the drawings (if the invention admits cf such illustration); a detailed description; claim or claims; signature of inventor and signatures of two witnesses. Claims for a machine and its product and claims for a machine and the process in the performance of which the machine is used must be presented in separate applications, but claims for a process and its product may be presented in the same application.

The applicant, if the inventor, must make oath or affirmation that he believes himself to be the first inventor or discoverer of that which he seeks to have patented. The oath or affirmation must also state of what country he is a citizen and where he resides. In every original application the applicant must swear or affirm that the invention has not been patented to himself or to others with his knowledge or consent in this or any foreign country for more than two years prior to his application, or on an application for a patent filed in any foreign country by himself or his legal representatives or assigns more than seven months prior to his application. If application has been made in any foreign country full and explicit details must be given. The oath or affirmation may be made before any one who is authorized by the laws of his country to administer oaths.

Drawings must be on white paper with india ink and the sheets must be exactly 10x15 inches in size, with a margin of one inch. They must show all details clearly and without the use of superfluous lines.

Applications for reissues must state why the original patent is believed to be defective and tell precisely how the errors were made. These applications must be accompanied by the original patent and an offer to surrender the same; or, if the original be lost, by an affidavit to that effect and certified copy of the patent. Every applicant whose claims have been twice rejected for the same reasons may appeal from the primary examiners to the examiners in chief upon the payment of a fee of $10.

The duration of patents is for seventeen years except in the case of design patents, which may be for three and a half, seven or fourteen years as the inventor may elect.

Caveats or notices given to the patent office of claims to inventions to prevent the issue of patents to other persons upon the same invention, without notice to caveators, may be filed upon the payment of a fee of $10. Caveats must contain the same information as applications for patents. Schedule of fees and prices: Original application. On issue of patent.. Design patent (3 years). Design patent (7 years).

Design patent (14 years).
Caveat

Reissue

First appeal..

Second appeal..

For certified copies of printed patents:
Specifications and drawing, per copy.
Certificate

Grant

For manuscript copies of records, per 100 words

If certified, for certificate.

Blue prints of drawings, 10x15, per copy
Blue prints of drawings, 7x11, per copy.
Blue prints of drawings, 5x8, per copy.
For searching records or titles, per hour.
For the Official Gazette, per year, in United
States

Yr.

1895.

1896..

1897.

1898. 1899. 1900.

$15.00

20.00

10.00

15.00

30.00

10.00

30.00

10.00

20.00

$0.05

.25

.50

.10

.25

.25

.15

.05

.50

5.00

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COPYRIGHT REGULATIONS.

The articles specified by law as proper subjects of copyright are: Books, maps, charts, dramatic compositions, musical compositions. engravings, cuts, prints, photographs, photographic negatives, chromos, lithographs, periodicals, paintings, drawings, statuary and models or designs intended to be perfected as works of fine art.

Any one desiring to secure a copyright should send to the librarian of congress for a blank application. This must be filled up according to the printed directions, which will be found plainly and specifically given on the blank itself. A printed or tynewritten copy of the title of the article to be copyrighted must accompany the application; in

the case of paintings, drawings, statuary or designs, descriptions must be inclosed. On or before the day of publication two complete copies of the bobk or other artcle must be sent to the library of congress to perfect the copyright.

The fee for the entry of title of production of a citizen of the United States is 50 cents: for a foreigner, $1; certificates, 50 cents additional in either case. Remittances must be made by money order, express order or bank draft; postage stamps and checks will not be accepted. The copyright is for twenty-eight years, but it may be renewed for fourteen more.

BY BALLOON FROM GERMANY TO ENGLAND.

Drs. Yurt Wegener and Adolph Koch, German aeronauts, left Bitterfield, near Berlin, Germany, Wednesday evening, April 10, 1907, in an ordinary balloon and the next day arrived at Leicester,

England, after a voyage of 812 miles, lasting only nineteen hours. It was one of the longest, as well as fastest, trips of the kind on record.

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*Owing to the death of Mr. Greeley, the 66 electoral votes were variously cast. Thomas A. Hendricks received 42, B. Gratz Brown 18, Horace Greeley 3, Charles J. Jenkins 2, David Davis 1.

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE.

National...

13,969

Soc. Labor..

36,274

Nat. Dem...

133,148

7,217,810

292

6,357.826 208.791

155

50,218

87.769

39,944

518

5.098

Republican

7,620,670

336

Democrat..

5,080,207

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Following is the electoral vote of the states, based upon the apportionment of representatives made by congress under the census of 1900:

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Morrison Bills-First bill presented to 48th congress during Chester A. Arthur's administration; proposed a horizontal reduction of 20 per cent with free iron ore, coal and lumber; defeated in house April 15, 1884, by vote of 159 to 155; house heavily democratic and senate republican. Second bill presented to 49th congress during Grover Cleveland's first administration; similar to first bill, proposing free wool, salt and lumber; defeated in house June 17, 1886, by a vote of 157 to 140; house democratic, senate republican.

Mills Bill-Presented to 50th congress during Cleveland's first administration; provided for free lumber and wool, reduction on pig iron and abolition of specific duties on cotton; passed by house July 21, 1888, by vote of 162 to 149, but failed in senate; house democratic, senate republican.

McKinley Bill-Passed by 51st congress during Benjamin Harrison's administration; became law

4 Necessary to choice...242

Oct. 6, 1890; high protective measure, though remitting duties on sugar and providing for reciprocity treaties; both houses of congress republican.

Wilson Bill-Passed by 53d congress during Cleveland's second administration; became law Aug. 17, 1894, without the president's signature; both house. democratic; measure reduced duties in some cases and made additions to free list, notably wool.

Dingley Bill-Passed by 54th congress during McKinley's administration; approved July 24, 1897; passed by house 205 yeas to 122 nays, 27 members not voting; passed by senate 38 yeas to 28 nays, 23 not voting; house contained 206 republicans and 134 democrats and senate 46 republicans and 34 democrats; measure raised rates to produce more revenue, but was similar in many respects to the McKinley act.

ORDER OF PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION.

In case of the removal, death, resignation or inability of both the president and vice-president, then the secretary of state shall act as president until the disability of the president or vice-president is removed or a president is elected. The rest of the order of succession is: Secretary of the

treasury, secretary of war, attorney-general, postmaster-general, secretary of the navy, secretary of the interior, secretary of agriculture and secretary of commerce and labor. The acting president, in case congress is not in session, must call a special session, giving twenty days' notice.

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Any person who is the head of a family, or who is 21 years old and is a citizen of the United States or has filed his declaration of intention to become such, and who is not the proprietor of more than 160 acres of land in any state or territory, is entitled to enter one-quarter section (160 acres) or less quantity of unappropriated public land under the homestead laws. The applicant must make affidavit that he is entitled to the privileges of the homestead act and that the entry is made for his exclusive use and for actual settlement and cultivation, and must pay the legal fee and that part of the commission required, as follows: Fee for 160 acres, $10; commission, $4 to $12. Fee for eighty acres, $5; commission, $2 to $6. Within six months from the date of entry the settler must take up his residence upon the land and cultivate the same for five years continuously. At the ex

piration of this period, or within two years thereafter, proof of residence and cultivation must be established by four witnesses. The proof of settlement, with the certificate of the register of the land office, is forwarded to the general land office at Washington, from which a patent is issued. Final proof cannot be made until the expiration of five years from date of entry, and must be made within seven years. The government recognizes no sale of a homestead claim. After the expiration of fourteen months from date of entry the law allows the homesteader to secure title to the tract, if so desired, by paying for it in cash and making proof of settlement, residence and cultivation for that period.

The law allows only one homestead privilege to

any one person.

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.

The library of congress was established in 1800 in the city of Washington, D. C. It was burned in 1814 and in 1851 lost 35,000 volumes by fire. The present library building, which cost $6,347,000, was opened to the public in November, 1897. It is located a short distance east of the capitol and is the largest and finest building of its kind in the world.

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June 30, 1906, the library contained 1,379,244 books and pamphlets, 89,869 maps, 437,510 pieces of music and 214,276 photographs, prints, engravings and lithographs. The copyright office is distinct division of the library with its own force of employes. The total number of employes in the library is 437 and the annual cost of maintenance is now about $800,000.

STATE.

PAST POLITICAL COMPLEXION OF THE STATES.

R.. republican; W., whig; D., democratic; U., union; A., American; A. M., anti-Masonic; N. R., national republican; P.. populist.

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Under the law passed by congress Feb. 20, 1905, and effective April 1, 1905, citizens of the United States, or foreigners living in countries affording similar privileges to citizens of the United States, may obtain registration of trade-marks used in commerce with foreign nations, or among the several states, or with Indian tribes, by complying with the following requirements: First, by filing in the patent office an application therefor in writing, addressed to the commissioner of patents, signed by 'the applicant, specifying his name, domicile, location and citizenship; the class of merchandise and the particular description of goods comprised in such class to which the trade-mark is appropriated; a statement of the mode in which the same is applied and affixed to goods, and the length of time during which the trade-mark has been used. With this statement shall be filed a drawing of the trade-mark, signed by the applicant or his attorney, and such number of specimens of the trade-mark as may be required by the commissioner of patents. Second, by paying

into the treasury of the United States the sum of $10 and otherwise complying with the requirements of the law and such regulations as may be prescribed by the commissioner of patents.

The application must be accompanied by a written declaration to the effect that the applicant believes himself to be the owner of the trade-mark sought to be registered and that no other person or corporation has the right to use it; that such trademark is in use and that the description and drawing presented are correct. Trade-marks consisting of or comprising immoral or scandalous matter. the coat of arms, flag or other insignia of the United States or of any state or foreign nation cannot be registered. Fees for renewal of trademarks and for filing opposition to registration are $10 each; for appeals from examiners to the commissioner of patents, $15 each.

Further information regarding the trade-mark law may be had by applying to the commissioner of patents, Washington, D. C.

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