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These two yield a red dye; the Cudbear however is inferior to the Perelle, which equals the celebrated Archil (Rocella tinctoria) which grows on maritime rocks, and is abundant on those of the Scilly Islands.-E. M.

These Lichens a few years since formed a profitable article of commerce. In September, 1843, the host of the Saracen's Head, Two-Bridges, informed me that he had often been employed to receive the moss collected from the rocks in that neighbourhood, and to send it to Plymouth for exportation. At Trowlsworthy, on the southern borders of the moor, the warrener gave me a similar account, in June, 1843, stating that although the women and children, who gathered the lichen, were obliged to use a kind of chisel to detach it from the rocks, they could procure as much as would pay them at the rate of two shillings a day. But in former years the demand must have been greater. Lysons relates that in the years from 1762 to 1767, inclusive, Mr. Davey collected from the rocks and tors of Dartmoor nearly one hundred tons of the lichen tartarea. Many tons of the lichen perella were collected in the neighbourhood of Okehampton, about twenty years ago. "After they have been well stripped," remarks Lysons, "it requires many years to clothe the rocks again with these vegetable productions." The Rev. E. A. Bray, (TAMAR AND TAVY, Vol. 1, p. 128,) noticing the mosses of Dartmoor says, "I amuse myself with fancying that I have discovered an allusion in Pliny, to the beautiful scarlet moss still found on the moor, which not many years ago, was used as a dye for cloth." Pliny says, when speaking of British dyes, that "they were enriched by wonderful discoveries, and that their purples and scarlets were produced only by certain wild herbs."—S. R.

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LATIN NAMES.

Nephroma resupinata Gyrophora proboscidea

erosa

cylindrea deusta

pustulata

pellita

Cetraria glauca islandica

...

Borrera furfuracea flavicans Umbilicaria pustulata Ramalina fastigiata scopulorum

Usnea barbata

Alectoria jubata
Cornicularia tristis

lanata spadicea

Isidium corallinum

paradoxum

Sphærophoron coralloides

fragille compressum

Stereocaulon paschale

botryosum

Scyphophorus alcicornis

endivifolius.

cervicornis..

LOCALITY.

Rocks and trees, Chagford.
Tors, Dartmoor. (M.)
Do. (Rev. Mr. Newberry.)
Do. (Rev. Mr. Newberry.)
Rocks, near Prison. (M.)
Blackstone, Scobitor.
Heytor Down.

Heytor, Botter Rock.
Dartmoor. (M.)

Tors, Dartmoor. (M.)
Rocks and Trees.
Dartmoor. (Hooker.)
Heytor, Lustleigh.
Do. do.

Widdecombe, Chagford.
Heytor rocks, Lustleigh.
Rocks (Rev. Mr. Newberry)
Do. (Rev. Mr. Newberry.)
Do. (Rev. Mr. Newberry.)
Do. Heytor Down.
Dartmoor. (M.)

Do. Grimspound.
Do. Sheepstor.
Do. do.

Do. Grimspound.
Do.

Tors, common. (M.)
Heytor, Bottor Rocks.
Do. do.

fimbriatus Do. N. Bovey.

filiformis

Buckshorn do.

Fringed do.

Thread-shaped do.

Cladonia furcata

Fingered do.

Scarlet do.

Forked Cladonia

Short perforated do.

Rein-deer Moss

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digitatus cocciferus..

......

uncialis rangiferina

104.-Characea.

Heytor Down.

N. Bovey, Manaton. Tors. (M.)

Heaths on the moor.

Do.

Do. Heytor Down.

Ord. 104.-Characeous

Tribe.

Common Chara

Chara vulgaris

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Streams on the moor. (M.)

Bogs. Do.

...

Dartmoor. (M.)

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

Do.

This is the celebrated Iceland moss, made into cakes and eaten by the Icelanders, with grateful thanks, at a time when other food is scarce. It is used medicinally in this country as a demulcent in coughs, &c.

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"This," says Hooker, p. 225, appears to hold the place in northern regions, which Rocella tinctoria does in the southern."

This affords food to the rein-deer in winter, as well as the cladonia; but as it is principally found on trees, these (when the snow is frozen) are purposely cut down that the animals may more readily obtain it.

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The preceding list is confessedly an incomplete one; the formation of a botanical collection is a work of time; that of Dartmoor can only be perfectly accomplished by one who has leisure to reside on the spot; by others, casual visits must be made at particular periods, during the flowering of the various plants, and that often under many disadvantages, where the botanist in the absence of all shelter, is exposed to sudden changes of weather, and frequently drenched to the skin: such a misadventure becomes an effectual damper to his zeal and ardour in the pursuit. Some unlucky instances of this kind, are the excuse which the writer of this notice must plead for his deficiences of the present contribution. The specimens noticed in the Flora Devoniensis are chiefly from the east side of the moor, whilst those marked (M.) have been procured in the wild and less cultivated district on the west side, within a circle of ten miles, taking Two-Bridges as a

centre.

Where the succession of the orders is not numerically followed, in the preceding catalogue, it arises from the writer not having obtained plants belonging to those which are omitted.

Instead of carping at such a catalogue as is here presented, the readers of the Perambulation, will, I am persuaded, agree with me in feeling grateful to Dr. Moore, whose interest in the natural history of his own neighbourhood has led him to find time from the important professional duties of a physician, practising in a populous town, to furnish the present ample list of the principal Plants, with the following catalogue of the rarer Birds of the district, besides his valuable papers on the Geology and Agricultural Capabilities of Dartmoor.-S. R.

APPENDIX,

No. IV.

ORNITHOLOGY OF DARTMOOR.

By EDWARD MOORE, M.D., F.L.s, late Secretary to the Plymouth Institution.

THE catalogue of Dartmoor birds will be found of a much more limited character than the wildness of its aspect would lead us to expect. The preservation of game, induces a watchful scrutiny of the district, and no sooner does one of the elegant falcon tribe make its appearance, than, under the name of vermin, it becomes a sacrifice to the merciless gin or the gun of the gamekeeper. The progress of cultivation, also, has tended to drive away the antient denizens of the Forest, and the eagle, the bustard, the crane, and the kite are now but seldom to be met with. The black cock is fast disappearing, and though the ring-ouzel still clings to the locality, yet it may not be long ere the extension of civilized life may deprive it of its restingplace. The chronicler of the day, however, must take nature as he finds it, and be content to register the changes which time in its progress may effect. The present state of the moor still exhibits that dreary character, which excites the admiration of the poet, and the explorer of nature will yet discover many a spot where he may fancy himself to be far removed from the busy haunts of men, where the view is bounded by the surrounding tors and sky, and the awful silence, which reigns around, will afford ample scope for divine contemplation, only interrupted perhaps by the sudden flight of the ring-ouzel, scared by his presence from its nest; or he may occasionally be startled from his reverie by the screams of the curlew, or the shrill whistle of the lapwing or golden plover.

The aerial visitants of the moor itself are generally those whose wild nature precludes their descending into the lower grounds; but the greater cultivation on its eastward side has occasioned its ornithology to be there of a mixed character, while around its borders, where

good shelter occurs, we shall find most of the rarer specimens belonging to the climate. The frequenters of the uncultivated parts are now chiefly the sparrow-hawk, the hobby, the goshawk, the hen-harrier, the brown, or marsh harrier, and the buzzard. In the neighbourhood of the solitary turf cottage, may be found the crow, blackbird, thrush, the redbreast, sparrow, chaffinch, and wren, and occasionally the swallow and martin. Near the water-courses, are the wagtails, the kingfisher, and water-ouzel. On the open downs and heaths, are the skylark, titlark, wheatear, mountain-linnet, black-grouse, quail, golden, great, and grey plovers, lapwing, dotterel, curlew, whimbrel, snipe, purre, and sanderling. The common gull is an occasional visiter, and the ring-ouzel remains the greater part of the year.

The great facility, which occurs in the neighbourhood of the moor, for procuring specimens, has occasioned considerable attention to be paid to ornithological pursuits, and collections have been made in various parts of Devonshire. Besides those of Exeter, and of Ashburton, (formed by the late Dr. Tucker,) I have derived assistance from the following sources:—

Museum of the Right Hon. the Earl of Morley, at Saltram.

in the Park of the Right Hon. the Earl of Mt. Edgcumbe.

of the Rev. K. Vaughan, Aveton Gifford.*

of John Newton, Esq., Millaton, Bridestow.

of the late W. Comyns, Esq., Mount Pleasant, Dawlish.*

of Richard Julian, Esq., at Estover.

of the Rev. Collins Trelawney, at Ham.

of Sir George Magrath, M.D., Plymouth.

of J. Whipple, Esq., Plymouth.

of Edward Moore, M.D., Plymouth.
of Mr. Bolitho, Plymouth.

of Mr. J. B. Rowe, Plymouth.

of the Athenæum, Plymouth.

of the Natural History Society, Plymouth.

of the late Mr. Drew, Stonehouse.

of the Rev. W. S. Hore, Stoke.

of Cornelius Tripe, Esq., Devonport.

of Mr. Row, Devonport.

of J. Pincombe, Devonport.

The following list will include all that I can learn have been found on the moor itself, for which the authority will be given, either of the capture or of the collection in which the specimen may be now

*Now dispersed.

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