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By Sir Henry Holland.

ART. 11. Researches into the Physical History of Mankind. By James C. Prichard, M.D., F.R.S., Corresponding Member of the National Institute of France. Third Edition. 5 vols. 8vo. 1836-1847.

2. The Natural History of Man; comprising Inquiries into the Modifying Influences of Physical and Moral Agencies in different Tribes of the Human Family. By the same. 1843.

3. The Natural History of the Hyman Species, its Typical Forms, Primaval Distribution, Filiations, and Migrations. By Lieut.Col. C. Hamilton Smith, K. H., F.R.S. Edinburgh, 1848. 4. On the Results of recent Egyptian Researches, in reference to Asiatic and African Ethnology and the Classification of Languages. A Discourse read before the Ethnological Section of the British Association at Oxford. By C. C. J. Bunsen, D.C.L., Ph. D. 1847.

5. Sir C. Lyell's Elements of Geology.

Chaps. XXXIV. to XL.

WE are liable, we fear, to some reproach for not having earlier noticed the works which are placed first in the above list; and we feel this the more because a year has now elapsed since Dr. Prichard was lost by premature death to the science of his country. His various writings, directed to topics of the deepest interest to all mankind, are characterised by an industry, ability, and candour of research well meriting the reputation they have obtained both at home and abroad. In regard to those directly before us, by conjoining the physiological part of the inquiry with its historical and philological relations, they form the most ample and complete text we yet possess on the subject, and one to which all future investigation must be more or less

more

referred.

While acknowledging and seeking thus late to repair the omission, we may fairly allege as to the subject itself, that it can never be out of season or date as long as man has his place on the earth. For what inquiry of higher import, or more lasting interest, than that which regards the physical condition of the human species as first created and appearing on the surface of the globe? What investigation in all science more vast and

VOL. LXXXVI. NO. CLXXI.

B

curious

curious than that which, from observation of the numerous races and physical varieties of man, and from the equally numerous forms and diversities of human language, deduces conclusions as to the more simple and elementary states from which these wonderful results have been developed, and the manner and course of their development? Questions like these, even if already settled to our reason and knowledge, would yet have a constant hold on the minds of all thinking men, in their simple relation to that greatest of all phenomena-the existence of human life upon the earth. But, in truth, they are far from being thus settled. A spacious field is open to research, in which certain paths are laid down, and certain landmarks fixed in guidance and preparation for further culture; but where no harvest of complete knowledge has yet been reaped, and where even the boundary of what can be effected by human effort is still obscure.

In this very circumstance we find further excuse for taking up the subject thus late. Better defined as a department of science, and its importance more fully appreciated, the study of the physical history of mankind, in all its varieties of race and distribution, has, like other branches of knowledge, been continually enlarged by the accession of new facts and new methods of research. It has become more copious in its details, more exact in all its conclusions. Aided and emboldened by its growing connexion with other sciences, and by the number of eminent men who have given their labours this direction, it has of late years especially made rapid progress; embracing, together with the kindred subject of ethnology, some of the most curious questions which come within the range of human inquiry.

What we have said thus generally is well illustrated by the course of Dr. Prichard's own researches. A Latin thesis, De Humani Generis Varietate, written and printed at Edinburgh in 1809, when he took his degree there, forms the basis of all that he has since so elaborately performed. It is a bold and able treatise, considering the materials he then had in his hands. The theme, pursued with unremitting zeal, grew into a large volume published in 1821, entitled Researches into the Physical History of Mankind; and it is the third edition of this work, enlarged gradually to five volumes by a perseverance in the same diligent inquiry, which we now have before us. The volume entitled The Natural History of Man, is a sort of summary of it, suggested probably by the need of comprising the new materials which had accrued while the other volumes successively appeared.*

We

Dr. Prichard's other writings, whether philological or medical, warrant further what we have said of his merits as a philosophical inquirer. His character was one

of

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