2 (b.) Use of Shall and Will:

In First Person-Will expresses a resolution or promise.

In Second and Third Person-Will expresses simple futurity.

In First Person-Shall merely foretells.

In Second and Third Person-Shall expresses promise, command, threat.

Concord I.

Concord II. Concord III.

A finite verb agrees with its subject in person and number.
Subject is always in nominative case.

(Subject and complement of an intrans. verb, or verb of
incomplete predication, agree in case.

(Verbs in subordinate clauses, infinitives and gerunds must
take form required by tense of principal verb.

Use of pronoun after copula.

Concord its antecedent in person, number and gender.

Concord VI. When a prepositional phrase and derivative word are joined, the preposition and prefix should agree in meaning.

Concord VII. Certain adjectives and adverbs, as well as conjunctions, take after them special conjunctions.

Synonyms: Their Meanings and Uses-8B (Continued)

Error-fault.

BY WILLARD MYERS AND I. O. HORNSTEIN.

Error respects the act; fault, the agent; an error may lay in the judgment, or in the conduct; but a fault lies in the will or intention. Error is said of that which is individual and partial; fault is said likewise of that which is habitual.

His judgment was often in error, though his candor remained unimpaired.-Bancroft.

He was involved in the case through no fault of his own.

Famous-notorious.

Famous is applicable to that which causes a sensation; to that which is reported far and near. It may be used either in the good or bad way. Notorious applies only in a bad sense.

She was famous for a scolding tongue.-Shakespeare.

Men of notorious immorality, whose dishonesty is flagrant, whose private habits would disgrace the ditch, are powerful and popular.-H. W. Beecher.

Gentle-tame.

Gentleness lies rather in the natural disposition. Tameness is the effect either of art or of circumstances.

Animals are said to be gentle when they show a disposition to associate with man and conform to his will; they are said to be tame, if either by compulsion or habit they are brought to mix with human society.

The deer is a gentle animal.

The tame lion roared again and again and threw himself wildly against the bars of his cage.

Honor-dignity.

Honor may be taken either for that which intrinsically belongs to a person, or for that which is conferred on him. Dignity may also be taken in the two meanings. In the first case, honor has a reference to what is esteemed by others; dignity to that which is esteemed by ourselves. In the second case, honor is that which is conferred on him by others, but dignity is the worth or value which is added to his condition.

I have given thee both riches and honor.-Kings iii, 13.

'Twas noised that I was knighted, a dignity which I often declined.

Indistinct-confused.

Indistinct is negative, denoting want of distinction; confused is positive, making a positive degree of indistinctness. A thing may be indistince without

being confused, but not vice versa. Two things may be indistinct or not easily distinguished from each other; but many things or parts of the same things are confused. By means of great distance objects become indistinct; from a defect in sight objects become more confused.

And those who spoke uttered their thoughts in low and indistinct whispers.-Cooper.

There was a universal hubbub of stunning sounds and voices all confused.-Milton.

Let-leave.

Let means to permit; leave, to let remain, or to go away from.

Why do you let your house go to ruin?

We will leave that to the decision of the umpire.

Lodgings-apartments.

A lodging, or a place to lodge or dwell in, comprehends single rooms, or, in fact, any place which can be made to serve the purpose; aparments respect only suites of rooms. Apartments, therefore, are, in the strict sense, lodgings; but all lodgings are not apartments. On the other hand, the word lodgings is mostly used for rooms let out for hire, or that serve a temporary purpose; but the word apartments may be applied to the suites of rooms in any large rooms or house. Hence, the word lodgings becomes on one ground restricted in its use, and apartments on the other; all apartments to let out for hire are lodgings, but apartments not let out for hire are not lodgings.

A royal order was issued for lodgings to be provided for Columbus there.-Irving.

My apartments... looked out through a great apple-tree.—Harriet B. Stowe.

Mutual-common.

Mutual properly means reciprocal, interchangeable. It is often misused for common in the sense of belonging, equally to both or all, especially in the phrase, “mutual friend."

As men grow more civilized and the subdivision of occupation and services is carried on, a complex mutual dependence becomes the universal rule. -Bellamy.

One peculiar Anglo-Saxon custom was the common ownership of the public lands.

Majority—plurality.

A majority is more than half the whole number. A plurality is the excess of votes given for one candidate over those given for another, and it not necessarily a majority when there are more than two candidates.

A majority of the class voted in favor of class-room decoration.
A plurality is necessary for election.

H