Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB

NATATORY

Natatory (na'ta-to-ri), a. Enabling to swim; adapted for the purpose of swimming; as, natatory organs.

Natch (nach), n. [O.Fr. nache, It. natica,
from L. natis, the rump.] The part of an ox
between the loins, near the rump.-Natch-
bone, the rump-bone or aitchbone.
Nates (na'těz), n. pl. [L.] The buttocks.
Nathless, Natheless t (naTH'les, na'THĕ-
les), adv. [A. Sax. natheles-na, thy, læs,
not the less, lit. not by that or on that ac-
count less.] Nevertheless; not the less;
notwithstanding.
The torrid clime

Smote on him sore besides, vaulted with fire:
Nathless he so endured.

Milton.

Nathmore, Nathemore + (naтH'mōr, na'THE-mor), adv. [A. Sax. na, thŷ, and more. See NATHLESS.] Not the more; never the

more.

But nathemore would that corageous swayne To her yeeld passage 'gainst his lord to go. Spenser. Natica (nat'i-ka), n. [L. nato, to swim.] A genus of gasteropodous Mollusca, in which the shell is globose and ventricose, the operculum shelly, the umbilicus open, with

central gibbous ridge or prominence. The species are numerous. See NATICIDE Naticida (na-tis'i-dē), n. pl. A family of gasteropodous molluscs, characterized by a globular shell of few whorls, with shortened spire, the outer lip acute, and pillar often callous. The foot is very large, and the mantle hides more or less of the shell. Natica is the type genus. Nation (na'shon), n. [L. natio, from natus, born, nascor, to be born.] 1. A people inhabiting a certain extent of territory, and united by common political institutions. 2. An aggregation of persons of the same ethnological family, and speaking the same or a cognate language.-3. A division of students according to their place of birth for voting purposes, as in the Universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow, and formerly in the University of Paris.-4. A great number; a great deal, by way of emphasis.

What a nation of herbs he had procured to mollify her humour! Sterne.

5.† Family. Chaucer.-Law of nations. Same as International Law. See under INTERNATIONAL, a.

Nation (na'shon), a. Immense; enormous. [Provincial English and American.] Nation (na'shon), adv. Very; extremely; as, a nation long way. [Provincial English and American.]

National (na'shon-al), a. Pertaining to a nation; common to a whole people or race; public; general; as, national customs, language, dress, interests, calamities, &c.; the writer betrayed a strong national bias; the candidate showed that he had national and not merely provincial interests to vindicate. - National air, in music, a popular tune peculiar to or characteristic of a particular nation; specifically, that. tune which by national selection or consent is usually sung or played on certain public occasions, as God save the Queen' in England, Hail! Columbia' in America, the 'Marseillaise' in France, the Emperor's Hymn' in Austria, &c.-National Church, the established church of a country or nation. In England the national church is Protestant and Episcopalian, the sovereign being the head and supreme governor; in Scotland the national church is Protestant and Presbyterian. The sovereign claims to sit by a commissioner as head of the General Assembly, the supreme church court.-National debt, the sum which is owing by a government to individuals who have advanced money to the government for public purposes, either in the anticipation of the produce of particular branches of the revenue, or on credit of the general power which the government possesses of levying the sums necessary to pay interest for the money borrowed or to repay the principal.-National Guard of France, an armed organization of the inhabitants of towns or districts for local defence,differing mainly from the militia and volunteers of Britain in that it was at the disposal of the respective municipalities rather than of the crown. After the suppression of the communal revolt in Paris (1871) the National Assembly decreed the dissolution of the National Guard.-National schools, schools organized and supported to a greater or less extent by government. Nationalism (na'shon-al-izm), n. 1. The state of being national; nationality.-2. An idiom or phrase peculiar to a nation; a

240

national trait or character.-3. In Ireland, the political programme of the party that desires more or less complete separation from Great Britain.

Nationalist (na'shon-al-ist), n. 1. In theol. one who holds to the election of nations in contradistinction to that of individuals.2. In Ireland, a supporter of Nationalism. Nationality (na-shon-al'i-ti), n. 1. The aggregate of the qualities that distinguish a nation; national character.-2. The quality of being national or strongly attached to one's own nation or countrymen.

He could not but see in them that nationality which I believe no liberal Scotchman will deny. Boswell. 3. The people constituting a nation as determined by conmmon language and character; a nation; a race of people; as, I do not know of what nationality he is.

For some years past few phrases have been so often used in political writings as that of the rights of nationalities, though there is far from being any general understanding as to what a nationality is, or what the rights claimed for it are. H. S. Edwards. 4. Separate existence as a nation; national unity and integrity. 'Institutions calculated to ensure the preservation of their nationality.' H. S. Edwards. Nationalize (na'shon-al-iz), v. t. pret. & pp. nationalized; ppr. nationalizing. 1. To make national; as, to nationalize an institution. 2. To give the character and habits of a nation to, or the peculiar attachments which belong to citizens of the same nation; as, to nationalize a foreign colony. Nationally (na'shon-al-li), adv. In a national manner or way; with regard to the nation; as a whole nation. 'The Jews.. being nationally espoused to God by covenant.' South.

Nationalness (na'shon-al-nes), n. State of being national. Johnson.

Native (na'tiv), a. [L. nativus, born, innate, natural, native, from nascor, natus, to be born.] 1. Coming into existence by birth; having an origin; born.

Anaximander's opinion is that the gods are native, rising and vanishing again. Cudworth.

2. Pertaining to or connected with one's birth, or with the place or circumstances of one's birth; as, native land; native language. 3. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with; not artificial or acquired; as, native simplicity, grace, genius, and the like; natural.

The members, retired to their homes, reassume the native sedateness of their temper. Swift. 4. Cognate; congenial; kindred. To join like likes and kiss like native things.' Shak. [Rare.]-5. Connected by birth; resulting from birth; belonging to by virtue of birth. 'Ere her native king shall falter under foul rebellion's arms.' Shak. Though I am native here, and to the manner born.' Shak. 6. Occurring in nature pure or unmixed with other substances: said of mineral bodies.

Silver is common native, and also in combination with sulphur, &c. Dana.

Native (na'tiv), n. 1. One born in a place or country; a person or thing which derives its origin from a place or country.-2. † Natural source; origin.

The accusation,

All cause unborn, could never be the native
Of our so frank donation.
Shak.

[Some modern editions read here motive.]3. An oyster raised in an artificial bed. Such oysters are considered far superior to those dredged from the natural beds. The name would seem to be more appropriate to the latter.

Natively (na'tiv-li), adv. By birth; naturally; originally.

We wear hair which is not natively our own.
Fer. Taylor.
State of being

Nativeness (nā'tiv-nes), n.
native or produced by nature.
Nativism (na'tiv-izm), n. The disposition
to favour those of native birth in preference
to those of foreign origin. Goodrich. [Recent
American.]

Nativity (na-tiv'i-ti), n. 1. A coming into life or the world; birth.-The nativity, the birth of Christ.

At my nativity The front of heaven was full of fiery shapes. Shak. 2. The circumstances attending birth, as time, place, and manner.

They say there is divinity in odd numbers, either in nativity, chance, or death. Shak. Thy birth and thy nativity is of the land of Canaan. Ezek. xvi. 3. 3. A picture representing the birth of Christ. 4. In astrol. a scheme or figure of the hea

NATURAL

vens, particularly of the twelve houses, at the moment when a person was born, and called also the Horoscope.-To cast a nativity is to draw out a scheme of the heavens at the moment of birth, and calculate according to rules the future influence of the predominant stars.

Natrolite (na'trol-it), n. [Natron (which see), and Gr. lithos, a stone.] A zeolite of the mesotype group, so called on account of the great quantity of soda it contains. It occurs in trap-rocks, and consists of 48 silica, 26 alumina, 16 soda, and 10 water. Iron natrolite has one-fourth of the alumina replaced by iron.

Natron (na'tron), n. [Fr. and Sp.natron, from Ar. natrun, native carbonate of soda: same word as nitre.] (Nag CO, 10 H2O.) Native carbonate of soda, or mineral alkali. It is found in the ashes of several marine plants, in some lakes, as in the lakes of Egypt, and in some mineral springs. Called also Trona. Natter (nat'ér), v.i. [Closely allied to Icel. knetta, to grumble, gnadda, to murmur.] To chatter peevishly. [Obsolete and Scotch.j Natterjack, Natterjack Toad (nat'èr-jak, nat'er-jak tōd), n. Bufo calamita, a species of toad abundant in various parts of England. Its colour is light yellowish, inclining to brown, and clouded with dull olive, and it has a bright yellow line running along the middle of the back. It does not leap or crawl with the slow pace of the common toad, but its motion is more like running, whence it has also the name of Walking Toad or Running Toad. It has a deep and hollow voice, which may be heard at a great distance. Nattes (nat'tēz), n.

Nattes, Bayeux Cathedral.

[Fr. natte, a mat, a

hassock; L.matta, a mat, by the change of m into n: comp. Fr. nappe, from L mappa; nefle, from mespilus, &c.] A name given to an ornament used in the decoration of surfaces in the architecture of the twelfth century. from its resemblance to the in

terlaced withs of matting.

Nattily (nat'i-li), adv. In a natty manner; sprucely; tidily. [Colloq.]

Nattiness (nat'i-nes), n. State of being natty or neat. [Colloq.]

Natty (nat'i), a. [Perhaps from neat.] Neat; tidy; nice; spruce. [Colloq.] Natural (nat'u-ral), a. [O. Fr. natural, Mod. Fr. naturel, from L. naturalis, from natura, nature, from nascor, to be born or produced. See NATURE.] 1. Pertaining to nature; produced or effected by nature; not artificial, acquired, or assumed; determined by nature; conferred by nature; normal; as, the natural growth of plants or animals natural strength or disposition; the natural heat of the body; natural colour; natural beauty. A wretch whose natural gifts were poor.' Shak.-2. In conformity with the laws of nature; according to the stated course of things; regulated by the laws which govern events, actions, sentiments, &c.; happening in the ordinary course of things without the intervention of accident or violence; as, misery is the natural consequence of crime; a natural death. There is something in this more than natural.' Shak. 3. Connected with or relating to the existing system of things; treating of or derived from the creation, as known to man, or the world of matter and mind; belonging to nature; as, natural philosophy or history; natural religion or theology; natural laws. I call that natural religion which men might know by the mere principles of reason, improved by consideration and experience, without the help of revelation. Bp. Wilkins.

4. According to life and reality; not strained or affected; without affectation, artificiality, or exaggeration; true to the life.

On the stage he was natural, simple, affecting; 'Twas only that when he was off he was acting. Goldsmith.

5. Obedient to the normal impulses of nature; affectionate; kind. 'In his love toward her ever most kind and natural.' Shak. 6. Born out of wedlock; illegitimate; bastard; as, a natural son.-7. Connected by the ties of nature or of consanguinity. 'A secret and villanous contriver against me his natural brother.' Shak.-8. In a state

NATURAL

of nature; unrenewed from sin; unregenerated.

The natural man receiveth not the things of the Spirit of God. I Cor. ii. 14. 9. In math. a term applied to a function or number belonging to, to be taken in, or referred to some system in which the base is 1; as, natural numbers, those commencing at 1; natural sines, cosines, &c., those taken in arcs whose radii are 1.-10. In music, (a) a term applied to the diatonic or normal scale of C. (See SCALE.) (b) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, changing gradually or but little into nearly related keys. (c) Applied to music produced by the voice, as distinguished from instrumental music. (d) Applied to the harmonics or over-tones given off by any vibrating body over and above its original sound. Natural history, originally a history or description of nature in its widest sense, comprehending the sciences of (a) biology, or the science of living beings, that is, zoology and botany; (b) chemistry; (c) physics or natural philosophy; (d) geology and mineralogy, including paleontology, or the science of fossils. In a narrower sense the term, as now commonly employed, applies collectively to the sciences of zoology and botany; and it has been still further restricted to designate the science of zoology alone.Natural liberty. See LIBERTY. — Natural obligation. See OBLIGATION.-Natural order, in bot, an order belonging to the natural system of classification, in contradistinction to one of an artificial system devised for the mere convenience of the student. In this system all the organs must be taken into consideration, and the affinity of any two or more plants will be determined by the agreement or disagreement first in the more important organs and then in the less important.-Natural persons, in law, such as we are formed by the Deity, opposed to artificial persons, who are formed into corporations by human laws for purposes of society and government.-Natural philosophy, originally, the study of nature in general; but now more commonly restricted to designate that branch of physical science which treats of those properties and phenomena of bodies which are unaccompanied by an essential change in the bodies themselves. It thus includes the various sciences classed under physics. See PHYSICS.-Natural science, a term employed in much the same signification as natural history in its widest sense, and used in contradistinction to mental, moral, or mathematical science.— Natural selection. See SELECTION. Natural (nat'u-ral), n. 1. One born without the usual powers of reason or understanding; an idiot; a fool. No more capable of reasoning than a perfect natural.' 2.† A native; an original inhabitant. 'The inhabitants and naturals of the place.' Abp. Abbot.-3.†A gift of nature; natural quality.

Locke.

To consider them in their pure naturals, the earl's intellectual faculties were his strongest part, and the duke, his practical. Wotton.

4. In music, a character marked thus, the use of which is to make a sharpened note a semitone lower, and a flattened one a semitone higher. The power of this character, however, does not extend beyond the bar in which it appears, except where a lasting change of key is intended, when it forms, as it were, part of a new signature. Natural-born (nat'ü-ral-born), a.

Native

in a country; not alien; as, natural-born subjects. Blackstone.

Naturalesque (nat'û-ral-esk), a. In ornam. preserving pretty closely the characteristics of natural objects; as, designed in a naturalesque style.

Naturalism (nat'ū-ral-izm), n. 1. Mere state of nature.-2. In theol. (a) the doctrine that the existence of a supreme being and his attributes, and our relations to him, may be inferred from observing nature without the aid of revelation; natural religion. Naturalism in this sense may coexist with orthodox theology, and support it. (b) The doctrine that all the operations in the universe, moral as well as physical, are carried on in accordance with fixed laws, and without the interference of any supernatural power, and that consequently there is no efficacy in prayer, no miracles or revelations. Naturalist (nat'ú-ral-ist), n. 1.† One versed in natural science.

Tell me, ye naturalists, who sounded the first march and retreat to the tide, 'Hither shalt thou come and no further?' Fuller.

ch, chain;

241

2. One versed in natural history.-3. One who holds the theory or doctrine of naturalism; a deist or atheist. Naturalistic (nat'u-ral-ist"ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the doctrines of naturalism.— 2. In accordance with nature; following or based on natural objects; as, a naturalistic style of ornamentation in architecture. Naturality (nat-ū-ral'i-ti), n. The state of being natural. Naturalization (nat'ū-ral-iz-ā"shon), n. [See NATURALIZE] The act of naturalizing or state of being naturalized; specifically, in law, the act of placing an alien in the condition (that is, investing him with the rights and privileges) of a natural subject. By the Naturalization Act of 1870 an alien resident in the United Kingdom for a term of not less than five years, or who has been in the service of the crown for not less than five years, may apply to the secretary of state for a certificate of naturalization, and on giving evidence of particulars may obtain it. This certificate entitles the alien to all political and other rights, powers, and privileges to which a natural-born British subject is entitled.

Naturalize (nat'ū-ral-iz), v.t. pret. & pp. naturalized; ppr. naturalizing. 1. To make natural; to render easy and familiar by custom and habit.

He rises fresh to his hammer and anvil; custom has naturalized his labours to him. South.

2. To confer the rights and privileges of a native subject or citizen upon; to adopt into a nation or state.-3. To accustom or habituate to a climate; to acclimatize.— 4. To receive or adopt as native, natural, or vernacular; to make our own; as, to naNaturalize (nat'u-ral-iz), v.i. 1. To become turalize foreign words.

like a native.

I have naturalized here (in London) perfectly, and have been more kindly received than is good for my modesty to remember. Feffrey.

2. To explain phenomena by natural laws, to the exclusion of the supernatural.

We see how far the mind of an age is infected by this naturalizing tendency. H. Bushnell. Naturally (nat'u-ral-i), adv. In a natural manner: (a) according to nature; by the force or impulse of nature; not by art or habit; as, he was naturally eloquent. (b) According to nature; without affectation; with just representation; according to life. That part

Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. Shak. (c) According to the usual course of things; as, the effect or consequence naturally follows. (d) Spontaneously; without art or cultivation.

There is no place where wheat naturally grows. Johnson. Naturalness (nat'ū-ral-nes), n. The state of being natural: (a) the state of being given or produced by nature; as, the naturalness of desire. (b) Conformity to nature, or to truth and reality; absence of affectation; as, the naturalness of a person's behaviour. Nature (nā'tūr), n. [Fr., from L. natura, from the stem of natus (for gnatus), born, produced, from root gna or gan, seen in E. know, can, ken, kin; Skr. jan, to produce; L. gigno, to beget; Gr. gignomai, to be born (the last two being reduplicated forms).] 1. In a general sense, the universe, as contradistinguished from the Creator; whatever exists or is produced without artificial means; the system of things of which ourselves are a part; the world of matter, or of matter and mind; the creation, especially that part of it by which man is more immediately surrounded, and which affects his organs, as mountains, seas, rivers, woods, animals, and the like.

Nature in the abstract is the aggregate of the powers and properties of all things. Nature means the sum of all phenomena, together with the causes which produce them; including not only all that happens, but all that is capable of happening; the unused capabilities of causes being as much a part of the idea of nature, as those which take effect. F. S. Mill.

2. By a metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for the powers that carry on the processes of the creation; the total of all agencies and forces, often conceived of as a single and separate force. In this sense sometimes opposed to supernatural agency.

And there is in this business more than nature Was ever conduct of. Shak. Sometimes to human institutions and tendencies.

[blocks in formation]

NAUFRAGE

One touch of nature makes the whole world kin. Shak.

3. The inherent qualities of anything; the essential qualities or attributes which constitute it what it is, as distinct from others; as, the nature of the soul; human nature; divine nature; the nature of a circle or an angle. When we speak of the nature of man we understand the peculiar constitution of his body or mind, or the qualities which distinguish him from other animals. When we speak of the nature of a man, or an individual of the race, we mean the peculiar temperament of his body, or the affections of his mind, his natural appetites, passions, disposition, or temper. Hence4. Disposition of mind; temper; individual constitution; personal character; natural endowments opposed to acquired: sometimes applied metonymically to the person so endowed; as, we should look up to a superior nature.

[blocks in formation]

Have we not seen

The murdering son ascend his parent's bed,
Through violated nature force his way? Pope.

8. That which is conformed to nature, or to truth and reality, as distinguished from that which is artificial, forced, or remote from actual experience.

Only nature can please those tastes which are unprejudiced and refined. Addison. -To the go way of nature, to pay the debt of nature, and similar phrases, to die.

He's walked the way of nature. Shak. Laws of nature, those generalizations which express the order observed in the phenomena of nature.

Nature and nature's laws lay hid in night,

God said, Let Newton be,' and all was light. Pope. -In a state of nature, (a) naked as when born; nude. (b) In theol. in a state of sin; unregenerated.-Good nature, natural good temper.-Ill nature, natural bad temper.Law of nature, or natural law, in a moral sense, is that sense of justice and that feeling of right and wrong experienced by every human being, and which has been emphatically described as a law written by the finger of God on the heart of man. Nature (nā'tūr), a. Natural; growing spontaneously; as, nature grass; nature hay. [Scotch.] Naturet (nä'tür), v. t. To endow with natural qualities. He which natureth every kynde.' Gower. Natureless (na'tür-les), a. Not consonant with nature; unnatural. Milton. Nature-printing (na'tur-print-ing), n. Α process by which objects, such as plants, mosses, ferns, lace, &c., are impressed on a metal plate so as to engrave themselves, copies or casts being then taken for printing. The object is placed between a plate of copper and one of lead, which are passed between heavy rollers, when a perfect impression is made on the leaden plate. Naturism (nā'tūr-izm), n. In med. a view which attributes everything to nature. Dunglison. [Rare.]

Naturist (na'tūr-ist), n. One who ascribes everything to nature. Boyle; Dunglison. Naturity (nã-tūr'i-ti), n. The quality or state of being produced by nature. Sir T. Browne.

Naturize (nā'tür-iz), v.t. To endow with a nature or special qualities. B. Jonson. Nauclea (na klē-a), n. [Gr. naus, a ship, and kleio, to inclose, from the half capsule being hull-shaped.] A genus of plants, nat. order Rubiaceae, containing about thirty species, natives of tropical Asia and Oceania. They are nearly allied to Uncaria, differing in the flowers being sessile. They are trees or shrubs, with usually large sessile or stalked leaves and globose heads of small yellow flowers.

Naufraget (na'frāj), n. [L. naufragiumnavis, a ship, and frango, to break.] Shipwreck. Guilty of the ruin and naufrage,. and perishing of infinite subjects.' Bacon. w, wig; wh, whig; zh, azure.-See KEY.

NAUFRAGIATE

Naufragiate (na-fra'ji-ät), v.t. To shipwreck. Lithgow.

Naufragous (na'fra-gus), a. [L. naufragus. See NAUFRAGE.] Causing shipwreck. That tempestuous, and oft-naufragous sea.' Jer. Taylor.

Naught (nat), n. [A. Sax. náht, nôht, more fully nawiht, from ne, the negative particle, and awiht, aught, itself a compound (see AUGHT). It means, lit., not or never a whit, and not is the same word in a still more abbreviated form.] Nought; nothing. -To set at naught, to slight, disregard, or despise.

Naught (nat), adv. In no degree; not at all; not.

To wealth or sovereign power he naught applied. Fairfax.

I saw how that his houndes have him caught, And freten him, for that they knew him naught. Chaucer. Naught (nat), a. 1. Worthless; of no value or account. Things naught and things indifferent.' Hooker.-2. Naughty; bad; vile. No man can be stark naught at once. Fuller. 3.† Lost; ruined.

Shak.

Go, get you to your house, begone, away! All will be naught else. Naughtily (nat'i-li), adv. In a naughty manner: (a) wickedly; corruptly. (b) Perversely; mischievously said of children, and now the only use of the word. Naughtiness (nat'i-nes), n. or condition of being naughty; wickedness; evil principle or purpose.

1. The state

I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thine heart. 1 Sam. xvii. 28.

2. Perverseness; mischievousness; misbehaviour, as of children: now the sole use of the word.

Naughtly (nat'li), adv. Naughtily; corruptly.

Well, thus did I for want of better wit,
Because my parents naughtly brought me up.
Mir for Mags.
Naughty (nat'i),a. [From naught.] 1. Worth-
less; good for nothing; bad.

The other basket had very naughty figs.
Jer. xxiv. 2.

2. Wicked; corrupt.
A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a
froward mouth.
Prov. vi. 12.

3. Mischievous; bad; very wrong; as, a naughty child; naughty conduct. [The word is not now used except in this sense, as applied to children, or in mock censure.]4. Unfit; unfavourable. Tis a naughty night to swim in.' Shak.

242

Nauseant (na'shë-ant), n. A substance which produces nausea.

Nauseate (na'shë-āt), v.i. pret. & pp. nauseated; ppr. nauseating. [L. nauseo.] To become squeamish; to feel nausea; to be inclined to reject from the stomach.

We are apt to nauseate at very good meat when we know that an ill cook did dress it. Bp. Reynolds. Nauseate (na'shë-āt), v.t. 1. To loathe; to reject with disgust.

The patient nauseates and loathes wholesome foods.
Sir R. Blackmore.
Old age, with silent pace, comes creeping on,
Nauseates the praise which in her youth she won.
Dryden.
2. To affect with disgust; to cause to feel

nausea.

He let go his hold and turned from her as if he were nauseated. Swift.

Nauseation (na-shē-a'shon), n. The condition of being nauseated, or the act of nauseating. Bp. Hall.

Nauseative (na'shë-at-iv), a. Causing nausea or loathing.

Nauseous (na'shus), a. Exciting or fitted to excite nausea; loathsome; disgusting; regarded with abhorrence: in a weaker sense, distasteful.

Those trifles, wherein children take delight, Grow nauseous to the young man's appetite. Sir F. Denham, Nauseously (na'shus-li), adv. In a nauseous manner; loathsomely; disgustfully. The quaNauseousness (na'shus-nes), n. lity or state of being nauseous; loathsomeness; quality of exciting disgust. The nauseousness of such company disgusts a reasonable man, Dryden.

Nautch (nach), n. In the East Indies, an entertainment which consists chiefly in witnessing dancing by professional performers called nautch-girls.

Nautch-girl (nach'gèrl), n. In the East Indies, one who performs in a nautch; a native dancing-girl.

They caught them round the waists, and began to haul them about as if they were nautch-girls. W. H. Russell. Nautic (na'tik), a. Same as Nautical, but obsolete or only poetical.

Nautical (na'tik-al), a. [L. nauticus, from nauta, a seaman, for navita, from navis, a ship. See NAVAL.] Pertaining to seamen or navigation; as, nautical skill; a nautical almanac. See ALMANAC.- Nautical distance, the arc of a rhumb line intercepted between any two places. Nautical day. See DAY.-Nautical mile. See MILE.-Naval, Nautical. See NAVAL.

Naughty-pack† (nąt’i-pak), n. A term of abuse or reproach applied either to male or Nautically (na'tik-al-i), adv. In a nautical

female. He called me the vilest nicknames, as if I had been an arrant naughty-pack. Chapman. Naulage (nal'āj), n. [L. naulum, Gr. naulon, passage-money, fare, from naus, a ship.] The freight or passage-money for goods or persons by sea or passage over a river. Bailey.

Naumachy, Naumachia (na'ma-ki, na-mā'ki-a), n. [L. naumachia; Gr. naumachianaus, a ship, and mache, fight.] 1. A naval combat; a sea-fight.

And now the naumachie begins
Close to the surface.

Lovelace.

2. In Rom. antiq. a show or spectacle representing a sea-fight.-3. The place where these shows were exhibited. Naumannite (na'man-it), n. [From the mineralogist Naumann.] A native selenide

of silver and lead, occurring in cubical crystals, granular, and in thin plates. Nauplius-form (na'pli-us-form), n. In physiol. the earliest stage in the development of many Crustacea. In this stage the animal has an ovate unsegmented body, a median eye, and three pairs of limbs, of which the first is simple, the other two biramose. This form of the common fresh-water cyclops was described as a distinct genus under the name of Nauplius. This form is regarded as the primitive form of all crustaceans. Nauropometer (na-ro-pom'e-tér), n. [Gr. naus, a ship, rope, inclination, metron, a measure.] An instrument for measuring the amount of a ship's heel or inclination at sea. Admiral Smyth. Nauscopy (nas'ko-pi), n. [Gr. naus, a ship, and skope, view.] The art or pretended art of discovering ships or land at considerable distances.

Nausea (na'shë-a), n. [L., from Gr. nausia, from naus, a ship.] Sea-sickness; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach, accompanied with a propensity to vomit; qualm; loathing; squeamishness of the stomach.

manner; in matters pertaining to naviga

tion.

Nautilidæ, Nautilacea (na-til'i-dē, na-tila'sē-a), n. pl. [Nautilus (which see).] A family of cephalopodous molluscs, constituting with the Ammonitidæ or ammonite family the order Tetrabranchiata. The septa of the shell are simple, curved, or slightly lobed; the sutures are more or less plain, and the siphuncle is central, sub-central, or internal. The family is divided into two sections: (a) the Nautilide proper and (b) the Orthoceratida. The most important typical forms of the family are the genera Nautilus and Orthoceras (which see). Nautilite (na'til-it), n. Any fossil shell, apparently allied to the existing nautilus. Nautiloid (na'til-oid), a. [L. nautilus (which see), and Gr. eidos, likeness.] Resembling the nautilus a term applied to the manychambered shells, or rather cell-cases, of those foraminifera whose coils present externally a resemblance to the nautilus. Page.

Nautiloid (na'til-oid), n. That which has the form of the nautilus. Nautilus (na'til-us), n. [Gr. nautilos, a sailor, also a nautilus, from naus, a ship.] 1. A genus of cephalopods, with polythalamous or many-chambered cells. The shell of the pearl nautilus (N. pompilius) is a spiral, with smooth sides. The turns are contiguous, the outer side covering the inner. The chambers are separated by transverse septa, which are concave outwards, and perforated by a tube passing through the disk. The nautilus is an inhabitant of the tropical seas. Only three or four recent species are known, though the fossil species exceed a hundred. The animal resides in the cavity of its first or external chamber. A siphuncle connects the body with the air-chambers, passing through an aperture and short projecting tube in each transverse septum till it ter

NAVEL

minates in the smallest chamber at the inner extremity of the shell. These internal chambers contain only air. By means of the siphuncle the animal is enabled to sink itself or to swim. See cut of Nautilus under art. TETRABRANCHIATA.-2. A loose popular name applied to the shells of several different genera of mollusca. The animal which is said to sail in its shell upon the surface of the water is the paper nautilus or argonaut (Argonauta Argo). See ARGONAUT.-3. A form of diving-bell which requires no suspension, sinking and rising by means of condensed air.-Nautilus propeller, a hydraulic device for propelling ships. Water is admitted into a watertight compartment in the bottom of the vessel, in which is a horizontal turbinewheel rotated by a vertical shaft from the engine. The rotation of the wheel impels the water through two pipes outwardly to each side of the ship, where it escapes through two nozzles which may be directed either toward the bow or stern of the vessel, causing her either to go ahead or back, as the case may be.

Navagium (na-vaj'i-um), n. [L. navis, a ship.] A duty on certain tenants to carry their lord's goods in a ship. Dugdale. Naval (na'val), a. [L. navalis, from navis, a ship; cog. Gr. naus, Skr. naus, from a root nu for snu, meaning to float, to glide, to flow.] 1. Consisting of ships; as, a naval force or armament.-2. Pertaining to a navy or to ships; as, naval stores.-Naval officer, one belonging to the royal navy; in the United States, an officer who assists the custom-house collector in collecting the customs on importations.-Naval crown, among the ancient Romans, a crown adorned with figures of prows of ships, and conferred either on a naval commander who gained any signal victory or on the one who first boarded an enemy's ship. In her. the naval crown is formed with the sterns and square sails of ships placed alternately upon the circle or fillet. Naval, Nautical. Naval is more especially applied to what pertains to a ship or a navy, its crew, equipments, tactics, &c.; nautical to what pertains to the science or art of navigation.-SYN. Nautical, marine, maritime.

Navals (nā'valz), n. pl. Naval affairs. 'In Cromwell's time, whose navals were much greater than had ever been in any age.' Clarendon.

Navarch (nå'värk), n. [Gr. nauarchosnaus, a ship, and arche, rule.] In Greek antiq. the commander of a fleet. Navarchy (nä'vär-ki),n. Knowledge of managing ships; nautical skill or experience.

Navarchy, and making models for buildings and riggings of ships.' Sir W. Pettie. Navarrese (nav-a-rēz'), a. Pertaining to Navarre.

Navarrese (nav-a-rez), n. sing. and pl. A native or inhabitant of Navarre. Nave (nāv), n. [A. Sax. nafu, nafa; cog. D. nave, naaf, Dan. nav, Icel. nöf, G. nabe, the middle of a wheel. Navel is a dim. from this word, and auger is partly derived from it.] 1. The thick piece of timber in the centre of a wheel in which the spokes are inserted. Called also the Hub or Hob.2. The navel. 'He unseam'd him from the nave to the chaps.' Shak.

Nave (nāv), n. [Lit. ship, from 0.Fr. nave
(Mod. Fr. nef), It. nave, from L. navis, a
ship. The Germans translate it by their
own word schiff, a ship.] The middle part,
lengthwise, of a church, extending from the
western entrance to the transept, or to the
choir or chancel, according to the nature
and extent of the church; the part between
the aisles. See CATHEDRAL and CHURCH.
Nave-hole (nāv'hōl), n. The hole in the
centre of a gun-truck for receiving the end
of the axle-tree. Admiral Smyth.
Navel (nā'vl), n. [A. Sax. nafel, nafol; D.
navel, Dan. navle, Icel. nafle, G. nabel-
navel; dim. forms from words signifying
nave of a wheel.] 1. A cicatrix in the centre
of the abdomen, the point where the um-
bilical cord passes out of the fetus. The
umbilical cord is a collection of vessels by
which the fetus communicates with the
parent by means of the placenta, to which
it is attached. Hence-2. The central point
or part of anything; the middle.

Within the navel of this hideous wood,
Immured in cypress shades, a sorcerer dwells.
Milton.

-Navel-bolt, in ships, the bolt which secures a carronade to its slide.-Navel-point, in

NAVEL-GALL

her. the point in a shield between the middle base point and the fesse point; the nombril (which see).

Navel-gall (nā'vl-gal), n. A bruise on the top of the chine of a horse, behind the saddle.

Navelled (nă'vld), a. Furnished with a navel.

Navel-string (nã'vl-string), n. The umbilical cord. See NAVEL.

Navelwort (ná'vl-wèrt), n. The popular name given to the British species of the genus Cotyledon, nat. order Crassulaceae (C. Umbilicus), growing upon rocks and old walls. It is a fleshy plant, with round peltate leaves and a long raceme of small whitish somewhat bell-shaped flowers.

Navew (na'vú), n. [From O. Fr. naveau, from L.L. napellus, a dim. of L. napus, a kind of turnip, whence A. Sax. næpe, Sc. neep, a turnip.] A popular name of the wild turnip (Brassica campestris). It is an annual plant with a tapering root, glaucous heart-shaped leaves, and large pale-yellow flowers, and grows in cornfields.

Navicular (na-vik'ü-lèr), a. [L. navicula, a little ship, from navis, a ship.] Relating to small ships or boats; shaped like a boat; cymbiform.-The navicular bone is the scaphoid bone of the hand or foot.

Navigability (nav'i-ga-bil"i-ti), n. The state or condition of being navigable; navigableness.

Navigable (nav'i-ga-bl), a. [L. navigabilis, from navigo, to sail, from navis, a ship.] Capable of being navigated; affording passage to ships; as, a navigable river. Almighty Jove surveys

Earth, air, and shores, and navigable seas. Dryden. Navigableness (nav'i-ga-bl-nes), n. The quality or state of being navigable; navigability.

Navigably (nav'i-ga-bli), adv. In a navigable manner.

Navigant (nav'i-gant), n. A navigator. Hackluyt.

Navigate (nav′i-gāt), v.i. pret. & pp. navigated; ppr. navigating. [L. navigo, navigatum, from navis, a ship.] To pass on water in ships; to sail.

The Phoenicians navigated to the extremities of the Western ocean. Arbuthnot. Navigate (nav'i-gāt), v. t. 1. To pass over in ships; to sail on.

Drusus, the father of the emperor Claudius, was the first who navigated the Northern ocean. Arbuthnot.

2. To steer, direct, or manage in sailing; as, to navigate a ship. Navigation (nav-i-ga'shon), n. [L. navigatio. See NAVIGATE.] 1. The act of navigating; the act of passing on water in ships or other vessels; sailing; as, the navigation of the northern seas.-2. The science or art of conducting ships or vessels from one place to another. The management of the sails, rudder, &c., or the working of the ship generally, though essential to the practice of navigation, belongs rather to seamanship, navigation being more especially the art of directing and measuring the course of ships, the method of determining the position, &c., by the laws of geometry, or by astronomical principles and observations. Navigation turns chiefly upon four things, two of which being given or known, the rest are thence found out. These are the difference of latitude, difference of longitude, the reckoning or distance run, and the course or rhumb sailed on. The places of the sun, moon, planets, and fixed stars are deduced from observation and calculation, and arranged in tables, the use of which is absolutely necessary in reducing observations taken at sea for the purpose of ascertaining the latitude and longitude of the ship, and the variation of the compass. The course and distance are ascertained by means of the log-line, or dead-reckoning, together with the compass. By mathematics the necessary tables are constructed, and rules investigated for performing the more difficult parts of navigation. (See LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, SAILING, &c.) 3. Ships in general; shipping. Though the yeasty waves confound and swallow navgation up.' Shak. [Poetical]-Aerial navigation, the sailing or floating in the air by means of balloons. -Inland navigation, the passing of boats or vessels on rivers, lakes, or canals, in the interior of a country; conveyance by boats or vessels in the interior of a country. Navigator (nav'i-gát-èr), n. 1. One that

243

navigates or sails; chiefly, one who directs the course of a ship, or one who is skilful in the art of navigation.-2. A navvy: a name said to have been originally given to the labourers employed in canal making or inland navigation, but not now used. Navigerous (na-vij' ér-us), a. [L. navis, a ship, and gero, to bear.] Capable of floating ships. Blount. [Rare.]

Navvy (nav'i), n. [Abbrev. from navigator.] A common labourer, engaged in such works as the making of canals or railways. See NAVIGATOR, 2.

Navy (na'vi), n. [O. Fr. navie, from L. navis, a ship. See NAVAL.] 1. A fleet.

My gracious sovereign, on the western coast
Rideth a puissant navy.

Shak.

2. A collective term for all the ships, or all of a certain class belonging to a country; as, the mercantile navy of Britain; more especially, the whole of the ships of war belonging to a nation or monarch; the naval establishment of any country, including the collective body of ships, officers, men, stores, &c., intended for use in war; in Great Britain distinguished by the title of Royal Navy. Between 1841 and 1859 steam were gradually substituted for sailing vessels in the British navy, and since 1860 armour-plated ships, armed with guns of enormous calibre, either in broadside or in turrets, have been substituted for timber vessels. The iron-clad fleet, the most important division of the navy, is divided into five classes according to strength of armour and armament and mode of construction. The government of the navy is vested in a board, known as the Board of Admiralty, the members of which are styled 'lords commissioners for executing the office of lord high admiral.' The board consists of five members: the first lord, who has supreme authority; the senior naval lord, who directs the movements of the fleets, and is responsible for their discipline; the third lord has the management of the dockyards, and superintends the building of the ships; the junior naval lord deals with the victualling of the fleets and with the transport department; and the civil lord, is answerable for the accounts. Under the board is a financial secretary, changing, like the five lords, with the government in power; while the fixed administration consists of two permanent secretaries and a number of heads of departments. The highest rank in the active service is that of admiral, of which there are three gradations in the navy, viz. admirals, vice-admirals, and rear-admirals. (See ADMIRAL.) The command of each ship is intrusted to a captain or to a commander, according to the size of the ship. The navy is composed of two bodies of men, seamen and marines (see MARINE), and the officers under whose command they are placed are divided into three classes, viz. commissioned, warrant, and petty officers. Navy-bill (na'vi-bil), n. 1. A bill drawn by an officer of the royal navy for his pay, &c. 2. A bill issued by the admiralty in payment of stores for ships and dockyards. Nawab (na-wab), n. [Hind.] A viceroy; a deputy; a nabob (which see). Nawlt (nal), n. [For an awl, as newt for an ewt. See NALL.] An awl. To bore their ears through with a nawl.' Fotherby. Nay (nã), adv. [Equivalent to ne aye, that is, not ever, not at all, but directly from the Scandinavian (Icel. and Dan. nei, Sw. nej, no, not), and not from A. Sax. ná, no, not. Comp. nor, for ne or, not or; neither, for ne either, not either, &c. See NE.] 1. No; a word that expresses negation or refusal. 'Whilst one says only yea, and t'other nay.' Sir J. Denham.

I tell you nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. Lu. xiii. 5.

2. Not only so; not this alone; intimating that something is to be added by way of intensiveness or amplification.

He catechized the children in his chamber, giving liberty, nay invitation, to as many as would to come and hear. Bp. Fell.

-To say nay, to deny; to refuse. The fox made several excuses, but the stork would not be said nay. Sir R. L'Estrange. Nayt (nā), n. Denial; refusal. There was no nay, but I must in, And take a cup of ale. W. Brown.

Nay+ (nā), v.t. To say nay; to refuse; to deny.

Naywardt (na'ward), n. Tendency to denial. You would believe my saying

Howe'er you lean to the nayward. Shak.

|

[blocks in formation]

If I do not gull him into a nayword, and make him a common recreation, do not think I have wit enough to lie straight in my bed. Shak. 2. A watchword.

And, in any case, have a nayword, that you may know one another's mind. Shak.

Nazarean, Nazarene (naz-a-rēn'), n. 1. An inhabitant of Nazareth.-2. A name given to Christ, and to the early converts to Christianity, in contempt. Acts xxiv. 5.3. One of a sect which arose at the end of the first century, during the sojourn of the Christians in Pella. They are supposed to have retained a judaizing adherence to the Mosaic law, and to have held a low opinion about the divinity of Christ. Nazarite (naz'a-rīt), n.

A Jew who by certain vows and acts devoted himself to the peculiar service of Jehovah for a certain time or for life. Num. vi. 2-21. Nazariteship (naz'a-rit-ship), n. The state or condition of being a Nazarite. Goodrich. Nazaritic (naz-a-rit'ik), a. Pertaining to Nazaritism.

Nazaritism (nazʼa-rit-izm), n. The vows or practice of the Nazarites.

Naze (náz), n. [See NESS, NOSE.] A promontory or headland; as, the Naze of Norway. Ne (në), adv. [A. Sax. ne, no, not; a widely spread negative particle; comp. Icel. ne, né, Goth. and O.H.G. ni, L. ne, Gr. ně-, Skr. na. It occurs in nay, no, nor, &c.] Not; never. 'Yet who was that Belphoebe, he ne wist.' Spenser. 'Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight.' Byron. We find it in early English writers combined with a following word; as, nill, for ne will, will not; nas, for ne has, has not; nis, for ne is, is not.

Ne,t conj. Nor. 'Ne never for no wele, ne for no wo.' Chaucer.

Neaf (něf), n. [A Scandinavian word: Sc. neive, Icel. hnefi, nefi, Dan. næve, Sw. näfve, the fist.] The fist. 'Give me your neaf, Mounsieur Mustardseed.' Shak. Written also Neif, Neive, Nieve. [Now obsolete except in provincial English and Scotch.] Nealf (nel), v.t. [Contr. from anneal (which see).] To temper by heat; to anneal. Boyle. Neal (nel), v.i. To be tempered by heat. See ANNEAL. [Rare.]

Reduction is chiefly effected by fire, wherein if they stand and neal, the imperfect metals vapour Bacon. away.

Neap (nep), a. [A. Sax. nếp, neap, neap; probably akin to Dan. knap, Icel. hneppy, strait, narrow, scanty.] Low: applied to those tides which happen in the middle of the second and fourth quarters of the moon. They occur when the attractions of the sun and moon act on the waters of the ocean in directions at right angles to each other. They take place about four or five days before the new and full moons. See TIDE. Neap (nēp), n. A neap-tide or the time of one. High springs and dead neaps.' Hakewill. [Rare.]

Neaped (nept), a. Left aground. A ship is said to be neaped, when left aground, particularly on the height of a spring-tide, so that she will not float till the return of the next spring-tide. Neapolitan (nē-a-pol'i-tan), a. [L. Neapolis, Naples.] Belonging to Naples or to its inhabitants.

Neapolitan (nē-a-pol′i-tan), n. An inhabitant or native of the city of Naples, formerly also of the kingdom of Naples. Neap-tide (nep'tid), n. Low tide. See NEAP.

Near (nēr), a. [A. Sax. neárra, nêra, nýra, compar. of neah, nigh, near; Icel. nær, nærri, Dan. nær, near, nearer; G. näher, nearer.] 1. Nigh; not far distant in place, time, or degree; not far removed; adjacent. 'So now I think my time is near.' Tennyson. Behold now, this city is near to flee unto. Gen. xix. 20.

2. Closely related or allied by blood. She is thy father's near kinswoman, Lev. xviii. 12. 3. Intimate; united in close ties of affection or confidence; familiar; as, a near friend.4. Affecting one's interest or feelings; touching; coming home to one. 'A matter of so great and near concernment.' Locke.

He hath sent me an earnest inviting, which many my near occasions did urge me to put off. Shak.

5. Close; not deviating from an original or model; observant of style or manner of the thing copied; literal.

Hannibal Caro's, in the Italian, is the nearest and the most sonorous translation of the Eneid. Dryden.

NEAR

6. So as barely to escape injury, danger, or exposure; close; narrow; as, a near shave; near work. 'Long chases and near escapes of Tantia Topee.' W. H. Russell.-7. On the left: opposed to off, in riding or driving; as, the near side; the near fore-leg. 8. Short; serving to bring the object close. "Tow'rd solid good what leads the nearest way.' Milton.-9. Close; narrow; niggardly; parsimonious.

A near and hard, and hucking chapman shall never buy good flesh. Hales.

SYN. Nigh, close, adjacent, proximate, contiguous, present, ready, intimate, familiar, dear.

Near (ner), prep. At no great distance from; close to; nigh.

I have heard thee say,

No grief did ever come so near thy heart. Shak. Near (ner), adv. 1. Almost at hand, within a little; in or by close relation or alliance; closely. "They will go near to think their girdles and garters to be bonds and shackles. Bacon. The earl of Armagnac near knit to Charles.' Shak.-2. Naut, close to the wind: opposed to off.

Near (ner), v.t. To approach; to come near; as, the ship neared the land.

[blocks in formation]

Bacon.

The entering near-hand into the manner of performance of that which is under deliberation hath overturned the opinion of the possibility or impossibility. Near-legged (nērlegd), a. Walking with the feet so near each other that they come in contact. Shak. Nearly (nerli), adv. So as to be near: (a) almost; within a little; at no great distance; not remotely. (b) Closely; as, two persons nearly related or allied. (c) Intimately; pressingly; with a close relation to one's interest or happiness.

Milton.

Nearly it now concerns us, to be sure Of our omnipotence. (d) In a parsimonious or niggardly manner. Nearness (ner'nes), n. The state or quality of being near in any of the senses of the word; as, (a) closeness in time or place; small distance.

The best rule is to be guided by the nearness, or distance at which the repetitions are placed in the original. Pope.

(b) Closeness of relationship. (c) Parsimony; closeness in expenses. Bacon. Near-sighted (nēr'sīt-ed), a. Short-sighted; seeing at a small distance only. Near-sightedness (nēr sit-ed-nes), n. The state of being near-sighted; myopy. Neat (net), n. [A. Sax. neat, Sc. nowt, Icel. naut, Sw. nöt, Dan. nöd, cattle, an ox; from verbal stem Icel. njóta, A. Sax. neôtan, to use, to enjoy; Goth. niútan, to take.] Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, oxen, and cows: commonly used collectively, though sometimes applied to a single animal. neat and a sheep of his own.' Tusser. And yet the steer, the heifer, and the calf Are all called neat.

Shak.

'A

Here thou behold'st thy large sleek neat, Unto the dewlaps up in meat. Herrick. -Neat's-foot oil, an oil obtained from the feet of neat.

Neat (net), a. Belonging or relating to animals of the ox kind; as, neat cattle. Neat (net), a. [Fr. net, nette, from L. nitidus, shining, from niteo, to shine.] 1. Having everything in perfect order; orderly; tidy; trim; as, the room was always very neat; neat in one's dress.-2. Free from what is offensive, unbecoming, or in bad taste; pleasing with simplicity; nice. 'Sluttery to such neat excellence opposed.' Shak. 'What neat repast shall feast us.' 'Milton.-3. Ex

[blocks in formation]

5. Complete in character, skill, &c.; exact; finished; adroit; clever; as, a neat piece of work; a neat trick. By thy leave, my neat scoundrel.' B. Jonson.-6. Clear of the cask, case, wrapper, &c.; with all deductions made; as, neat weight. [In this sense usually written Net or Nett.] SYN. Nice, pure, cleanly, tidy, trim, spruce, smart.

Neat-handed (net'hand-ed), a. Using the hands with neatness; clever and tidy; deft; dexterous.

Herbs, and other country messes,

Which the neat-handed Phyllis dresses. Milton. Nor is he (Bp. Burnet) a neat-handed workman even of that class. Craik,

Neatherd (nēt herd), n. A person who has the care of cattle; a cow-keeper. Shak. Neat-houset (net'hous), n. A house for neat cattle; a cow-house. Massinger. Neatify + (net'i-fi), v.t. To render neat. Chapman.

Neat-land (nēt’land), n. In law, land let out to yeomanry. Cowell.

Neatly (netli), adv. In a neat manner: (a) tídily. "Wearing his apparel neatly.' Shak. (b) With good taste; without tawdry ornaments; as, a lady neatly dressed. 'Twelve vast French romances neatly gilt.' Pope. (c) In simple and elegant style; as, an address neatly drawn up. Neatness (nēt'nes), n.

The state or quality of being neat: (a) tidiness; as, the neatness of a garment. (b) Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments; chasteness; simple elegance; as, neatness of style; neatness of dress.

Neatress+ (net'res), n. A female who takes care of neat or cattle. Warner. Neb (neb), n. [A. Sax. neb, nebb, face, mouth, beak; D. neb, Dan. nob, Sw. näbb, Icel. neƒ, the beak of a bird, a nose; closely allied to forms with initial s, as D. sneb, Dan. Sw. and O.G. snabel (Mod.G. schnabel), a beak; comp. E. snipe.] The nose; the beak of a fowl; the bill; the mouth or snout; a nib. 'How she holds up the neb, the bill to him!' Shak.

Twa unlucky red-coats were up for the black-fishing or some siccan ploy, for the neb o' them's never out of mischief. Sir W. Scott.

Nebalia (nē-bali-a), n. A genus of entomostracous crustacea, belonging to the order Phyllopoda, and containing two or more interesting British species. Neb-neb (neb'neb), n. See BABLAH. Nebris (neb'ris), n. [Gr.] A fawn's skin worn as a part of the dress by hunters and others. In works of art it is the characteristic covering of Bacchus, bacchanals, fauns, and satyrs.

Nebula (neb'ū-la), n. pl. Nebula (neb'u-lē). [L. nebula, a cloud, mist, vapour; closely allied to Gr. nephěle, a cloud, mass of clouds; from same root as Icel. nifl, mist, fog; O.G. nibul, G. nebel, mist.] 1. In pathol. (a) a white spot or a slight opacity of the cornea. (b) A cloudy appearance in the urine. 2. In astron. the name given to certain celestial objects resembling white clouds, which in many cases when observed through telescopes of sufficient power have been resolved into clusters of distinct stars. As more and more powerful telescopes have been employed, the number of resolvable nebulæ has become greater and greater, and it is probable that many nebula irresolvable at present may yet appear to be star clusters in telescopes more powerful than those now employed. The spectroscope has, however, shown that many nebulæ, among which are several which had hitherto appeared to be well-authenticated clusters, consist of masses of incandescent gas. Nebulæ have been classified as follows: (a) clusters of stars either of a globular or irregular form, in a more or less advanced state of concentration. (b) Resolvable nebula, differing from clusters in having no visible outlying branches. (c) Irresolvable nebula, of elliptic, spiral, annular, and irregular forms. (d) Planetary nebula, so called because they slightly resemble in appearance the larger planets. (e) Nebulous star, a bright star often seen in the centre of a circular nebula, or two bright stars associated with a double nebula, or with two distinct nebulæ near each other. (f) Irregular nebulæ,

NECESSARY

which are unlike all other forms of nebulæ, and seem to consist of fantastic convolutions of nebulous matter.-3. In her. see NEBULY.

Nebular (neb'u-lèr), a. Pertaining to nebulæ.-Nebular hypothesis, a celebrated hypothesis which supposes that the bodies composing the solar system once existed in the form of a nebula; that this had a revolution on its own axis from west to east; that the temperature gradually diminishing, and the nebula contracting by refrigeration, the rotation increased in rapidity, and zones of nebulosity were successively thrown off in consequence of the centrifugal force overpowering the central attraction. These zones being condensed, and partaking of the primary rotation, constituted the planets, some of which in turn threw off zones which now form their satellites. The main body being condensed towards the centre formed the sun.

Nebule,t n. A small cloud. Chaucer. Nebule-moulding (neb'ül-mold"ing), n. Same as Nebuly-moulding. Gwilt. Nebulist (neb'u-list), n. One who upholds the nebular hypothesis. Page. Nebulose (neb'u-lōs), a. Misty; cloudy; foggy; nebulous. Derham. Nebulosity (neb-u-los'i-ti), n. 1. The state of being nebulous or cloudy; cloudiness; haziness.-2. In astron, the faint misty appearances surrounding certain stars; the state or condition of existing as a nebula.

All the material ingredients of the earth existed in this diffuse nebulosity, either in the state of vapour, or in some state of still greater expansion. Whewell. Nebulous (neb'u-lus), a. [L. nebulosus, from nebula, a cloud.] 1. Cloudy; hazy: literally or figuratively; as, he was quite in a nebulous condition.-2. In astron. pertaining to or having the appearance of a nebula; nebular.-Nebulous star. See under NEBULA. Nebulousness (neb'ū-lus-nes), n. The state or quality of being nebulous; cloudiness. 'Many spots in the brightest moons, and much nebulousness in the fairest stars.' Bp. Gauden.

Nebuly (neb'u-li), a. Covered or ornamented with wavy lines: used chiefly or solely in

heraldry, and applied to

a line drawn with undulations like the wavy edges of clouds, or to a shield or charge divided by several such lines drawn across it. Nebuly (neb'u-li), n. In her. a line of partition of a wavy form. See the adjective.

A fess nebuly. Nebuly-moulding (neb'ü-li-möld-ing), n. In arch. an ornament in Norman architecture, the edge of which forms an undulating or waving line, and which is introduced in corbel-tables and archivolts. Nece,t n. A niece; a cousin. Chaucer. Necessarian (ne-ses-sä'ri-an), n. See NE

CESSITARIAN.

The only question in dispute between the advocates of philosophical liberty and the necessarians is this, whether volition can take place independently of motive. W. Belsham.

Necessarian (ne-ses-să'ri-an), a. Relating

to necessarianism. Necessarianism (ne-ses-sa'ri-an-izm), n. The doctrine of philosophical necessity; the doctrine that the determination of the will is necessitated by the influence of motives.

Let us suppose further, that we do not know more of cause and effect than a certain definite order of succession among facts, and that we have a knowledge of the necessity of that succession-and hence of necessary laws-and I, for my part, do not see what escape there is from utter materialism and necessarianism. Huxley.

Necessarily (ne'ses-sa-ri-li), adv. In a necessary manner; by necessity; in such a manner that it cannot be otherwise; indispensably.

The

The church is not of such a nature as would necessarily, once begun, preserve itself for ever. Bp. Pearson. Necessariness (ne'ses-sa-ri-nes), n. state of being necessary. Johnson. Necessary (ne'ses-sa-ri), a. [From L. necessarius, from necesse, necessary, unavoidable -ne, not, and cedo, cessum, to yield. See CEDE.] 1. Such as must be; that cannot be otherwise; inevitable; unavoidable.

[blocks in formation]
« AnteriorContinuar »