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that your Lordship should publish something in your name to the people of Derry regarding the Pope, just as the French Bishops have done in their respective dioceses. If your Lordship would do something in that way, it would have a good effect not only at home but here in Italy. It is necessary to support the Pope, to show that he should be kept independeht both of despotic powers and of popular parties, in order to govern the Church as he ought.

I never undertook to write the address against proslytism; the thing would have been useful, but the arrival of the condemnation of the colleges made the Bishops forget it. Rev. Mr. Dooley engaged to get some one to write, but the matter was neglected.

Excuse, my Lord, the haste with which I have written these lines. If you publish the letter to your people on the Pope's authority and independence, be so good as to send us a copy. I have the honor to be, with profound respect,

Your devoted, obedient servant,

PAUL CULLEN.

P. S. An English gentleman translated your letter on tenant-right to show that you were violent. See what mischief they are intent on.

April 8, 1848.

My Lord, I am sorry that I have only a moment to write you a line. I gave the substance of your Lordship's letter to His Holiness. He said that you would know his sentiments from the letter he had sent to the

Bishop. I hope that letter has not been lost; it was posted on the 29th of February and entered, so if lost it can be traced out.

Here things are quiet still, but there is great excitement-all the Italians are in arms to drive out the Austrians. The Pope's troops have entered Lombardy. God grant things may end well. The Austrians deserve to be chastised as they were great enemies of the liberty of the Church. I hope Russia too will be punished, and England that she may be converted and live.

Lord Minto is expected in Rome to-day-he will not be able to do much mischief. The Italians in general are now against English influence. They have more reliance on the French. I think Lord Minto's money was thrown away in buying popularity. He will get no more applause from the people.

Excuse this hasty scroll. I will write more at length by next post.

I have the honor to be with profoundest respect, your devoted obedient servant, PAUL CULLEN.

ROME, May 8, 1848.

My Lord, I write a line, and a hurried one, to your Lordship, to inform you about the state of things here. The two Bishops arrived here, and had a most satisfactory interview with the Pope. He is a real friend to Ireland, and I think he will actively defend the cause of our Church. The Rev. Dr. Ennis has just arrived. His mission is to get the statutes of the colleges approved. No one as yet has seen them. I hope he will not be able to make any impression.

The state of things in Rome is very sad. You are aware of all the revolutionary movements that have taken place in Lombardy. The people of the Pope's states sympathized very deeply with their brethren of the North, and many volunteers set out to join them. The Pope's troops, too, were so enthusiastic in the cause, that their general could not impede them from crossing the Po and entering the Austrian dominions. When things were at this stage, the radical and violent party here called on the Pope to declare war on Austria. The Pope answered in a magnificent allocution of the 29th April, declaring that it was not his intention to assail any power, that he was the minister of the God of peace, and that he could not desire war. However, he did not say a word against the Italian movement, nor against his own subjects for having entered Lombardy. The radical party, which is the same that was encouraged in Switzerland and elsewhere by England, became fu rious after the Pope's allocution, and we were on the point of having a civil war in the city. Several cardinals were arrested, and the Pope himself threatened by the mob. Things remained in this way for one or two days. The Pope acted most courageously; he addressed the people, and threatened to use his spiritual powers against his assailant. The conduct and determination of the Pope overawed the radicals, and things have returned again to their usual tranquillity. It is hard to know how long they will remain quiet. The clubs are at work, and they can conjure up a storm any day they wish. The great bulk of the people of Rome are for the Pope, but they are passive and not organized; the

radicals are connected with those of Switzerland, encouraged by foreign influence, and well organized, though not numerous. I hope the people of Ireland will pray for His Holiness, and speak out in his defence. I wish your Lordship would write a good address to them on the matter, and explain the necessity of keeping the Holy Father independent. The public opinion of the world does a great deal.

I regret very much you did not come. It is the wish of His Holiness that the Bishops should hold their next meeting in a synodical form. The majority will then be able to do something efficacious. It is the only way to impede further aggressions.

I received your Lordship's letter, and then one from the Cardinal. His Eminence will not think much of Dr. Nicholson now.

The Jesuits were obliged to leave the Roman College about a week ago. The Radical faction here is making active attempts to get possession of it, and to make it a lay establishment, in order the more easily to propagate their errors and revolutionary doctrines. The Pope has resisted them very decidedly, and the college is given to the secular clergy, if they will be able to keep in possession. The war here is the same now as in Irelandthe bad faction wishes to get hold of the public education. Dr. McHale and Dr. Higgins beg to be remembered to you. Dr. Kirby also desires his best respects.

I was very happy to hear that your convent was going on. It will be a blessing to Derry. The good nuns effect more good than can be done by any other class of

people. Excuse haste, and believe me to be, with profoundest respect and veneration,

Your devoted, obedient servant,

PAUL CULLEN.

Having written these lines at different times, you will find several repetitions. You must excuse them, as not true to copy.

I am at present in the Propaganda College, but I expect to get back in a short time. The Jesuits had charge of the Propaganda; but having been obliged to yield to the mob, the Cardinal Prefect requested me to take the management of the place for a while. I could not refuse,

If your Lordship will read the 243d letter of St. Bernard-it is addressed to the Romans-you will find an accurate account of the present state of things. The Popes have had their troubles in every century. Pius VII. had his share; Pius IX. cannot be expected to get off without them, but they always triumph. Tu es Pe

trus.

P. S. I hope the clergy will be able to keep the people quiet. England must yield something very soon, but it would be deplorable to have a civil war. What a loss O'Connell is now! However, his principles ought to be maintained. Civil war and revolutions destroy religion.

IRISH COLLEGE, ROME, May 28, 1848. My Dear Lord,-In my letter of the 23d of this month I gave your Lordship a general idea of the contents of Dr.

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