(b) A tree of the genus Thuja; arbor-vita.Tree of long life, Glaphyria nitida Tree of sadness, Nyctanthes arbortristis. -Tree of the magicians, Lycioplesium pubiflorum. Tree of the sun, Retinospora obtusa.-At the top of the tree. See under TOP. Tree (tre), v.t. pret. & pp. treed; ppr. treeing. 1. To drive to a tree; to cause to ascend a tree; as, a dog trees a squirrel. Hence2. To put in a fix; to bring to the end of one's resources. You are treed and you can't help yourself. H. Kingsley. 3. To place upon a tree; to stretch upon a tree; as, to tree boots.-To tree one's self, to conceal one's self behind a tree, as in hunting or fighting. [American.] Tree (tre), v. i. 1. To take refuge in a tree, as a wild animal. Besides treeing, the wild cat will take advantage of some hole in the ground, and disappear as suddenly as ghosts at cock-crowing. Thorpe. 2. To grow to the size of a tree. Fuller. Tree-beard (tre'berd), n. A name common to several lichens of the genus Usnea, from their resemblance to hair. Tree-climber (tre'klim-èr), n. A name given to a fish of the genus Anabas; the climbing perch. See ANABASIDE. Tree-crab (tre'krab), n. A crab of the genus Birgus, reckoned among the land-crabs. It breaks open the shell of the cocoa-nut, &c., by repeated blows of its great claws Treecrabs can live for long periods out of water, but deposit their eggs in the sea. Tree-fern (tre'fèrn), n. The name given to several species of ferns which attain to the size of trees, as the Alsophila vestita, Cibotium Billardieri, &c. They are found in tropical countries. A handsome species, Cyathea medullaris, contains in its trunk a mucilaginous pulp comparable to sago, which is used extensively for food in Polynesia and New Zealand. Tree-frog (tre'frog), n. The popular name of a genus of amphibian vertebrates (Hyla), forming the type of a distinct family (Hylada), of the order Anoura, and differing from proper frogs in the extremities of their toes, each of which is expanded into a rounded viscous pellet that enables the animals to adhere to the surface of bodies and to climb trees, where they remain all summer living upon insects. There are numerous species. H. arborea, the only European species, common in France, Germany, and Italy, is the most beautiful species. Several others are natives of America, of Asia, Polynesia, and a few of Africa. Tree-goose (tre'gos), n. An old name for the barnacle goose, from a belief that barnacles grew on trees and became developed into geese. Whereas those scatter'd trees, . . . (in many a slimy lake, Their roots so deeply soak'd) send from their stocky bough Drayton. A soft and sappy gum, from which those tree-geese grow Call'd barnacles by us. Tree-hair (tre'har), n. A name given to the dark, wiry, pendulous, entangled masses of lichen (Cornicularia jubata), which are not uncommon on trees in sub-alpine woods. Treehood (trẻ hod), n. The quality, state, or condition of being a tree. Hugh Miller. Tree-jobber (tre'job-ér), n. [Tree, and jobber, from job, to prick.] A woodpecker. Tree-kangaroo (tre'kang-ga-ro), n. The Dendrolagus ursinus, an animal of the kangaroo family (Macropodidae), but differing from the true kangaroos in having its forelegs nearly as long as its hinder members. It is a native of New Guinea, and derives its popular name from its arboreal habits. Treeless (tre'les), a. Destitute of trees. I arrived in the midst of a dreary treeless country. Kingsley. Tree-louse (tre'lous), n. Plant-louse, an insect of the genus Aphis. See APHIS. 426 Tree-mallow (tre'mal-lo), n. A handsome British plant of the genus Lavatera, the L. arborea, cultivated in shrubberies, &c., as an ornamental plant. See LAVATERA. Treent (tren or tre'en), a. [From tree = A.Sax. tredwen, made of timber.] 1. Wooden; made of tree or wood. A horn spoon and a treen dish." B. Jonson.-2. Relating to or drawn from trees. Treen liquors, especially that of the date.' Evelyn. Treent (trên), n. The old plural of tree. Under safe shelter of the shadie treen. Bp. Hall. Treenail (tre'nal), n. In ship-building, a cylindrical pin of hardwood, generally teak or oak, used for securing planking to the frames, or parts to each other. Written also Trenail, Trennel, and Trunnel. Tree-onion (tre'un-yun), n. A species of onion (Allium proliferum), the stalks of which, when allowed to run up, produce small bulbs instead of flowers at the top. These bulbs are excellent in pickles. It is cultivated in English gardens. Tree-pigeon (tre'pij-on), n. A species of pigeon, allied to the true pigeons, but presenting more points of resemblance to insessorial birds. The tree-pigeons are natives of Asia, Africa, and Australia. They have long wings, and live among trees, feeding on fruits and berries. A plant Called Tree-primrose (tre'prim-rōz), n. of the genus Enothera, E. biennis. also Evening-primrose. Tree-purslane (tre'pur-slán), n. See PUR SLANE-TREE. Treeship (tre'ship), n. The state or condition of being a tree; treehood. Cowper. Tree-shrike (tre'shrik), n. See SHRIKE. Tree-sorrel (tre'sor-el), n. A plant of the genus Rumex (R. lunaria), a species of sorrel or dock. Tree-toad (tre'tod), n. 1. The same as Treefrog (which see).-2. A name common to batrachians of the genus Trachycephalus, which live on trees in various parts of South America and Jamaica. They have generally a descriptive epithet prefixed, as lichened tree-toad, marbled tree-toad. Tree-wool (tre'wöl), n. Same as Pine-needlewool. Trefallow (tre'fal-lō), v.t. Same as Thrifallow Trefile (tre'fl), n. [Fr. trèfle. See TREFOIL.] In fort. a species of mine, so called from its form. Cross treflee. Treflee (tref'le), a. [From Fr. tréfle, trefoil. See TREFOIL.] In her. an epithet applied to a cross, the arms of which end in triple leaves, representing the trefoil. Bends are sometimes borne treflee, that is, with trefoils issuing from the side. Trefoil (tre'foil), n. [0.Fr. trefeul, trefle, Fr. tréfle, trefoil, from L. trifolium-tres, three, and folium, a leaf.] In bot. (a) the common name for many species of Trifolium, a genus of plants including white clover, red clover, &c., so well known as fodder-plants. See TRIFOLIUM. (b) A plant of the genus Medicago, the M. lupulina, or black nonesuch, cultivated for fodder. (c) Bird's-foot trefoil is the common name for several species of the genus Lotus. See LoTUS.-2. An ornamental feathering or foliation used in Gothic architecture in the heads of window-lights, tracery, panellings, AVA Trefoils. &c., in which the spaces between the cusps represent the form of a three-lobed leaf. 3. In her. a frequent charge representing the clover-leaf, and always depicted as slipped, that is, furnished with a stalk. Treget,t n. See TRAGET. Tregetour,tn. See TRAGETOUR. Chaucer. Trehala (tre hä-la), n. The name applied to the hollow cocoons of a species of lepidopterous insect which are brought from Persia. The larvæ eat the branches of Echinops persica for the sake of the sugar, starch, and gum contained in them, and of these substances the cocoons chiefly consist. TREMATODA They are regarded as a kind of manna, and are called manna of Turkey. Trehalose (tre'ha-lös), n. [See TREHALA] Same as Mycose (which see). Treillage (trel'aj), . [Fr., from treille, an arbour. See TRELLIS.] In hort. a sort of rail-work, consisting of light posts and rails for supporting wall-trees, &c.; a trellis 'Makers of flower-gardens. contrivers of bowers, grottoes, treillages. Spectator. Treille (trel), n. [Fr] In her. a lattice. It differs from fretty in that the pieces do not interlace under and over, but cross athwart each other, and are nailed at the joints. Called also Trellis. Trek (trek), v.i. [D. trekken, to draw, to draw a wagon, to journey] To travel by wagon; to travel as in seeking a new settlement. [South Africa] Trek (trek), n. A journey with a wagon; a march. [South Africa.] Trek-tow (trek'tou), n. [D. trekken, to draw.] A Dutch name, in Southern Africa, for strips of hide twisted into rope-traces, for oxen to draw wagons by. Simmonds. Trellice (trel'is), n. Same as Trellis. Trellis (trel'is), n. [Fr. treillis, lattice-work, according to Littré from L.L tralicium, translicium, crossed threads, modified by the influence of trans, from L. trilix, trilicis, woven with three sorts of threads-tres. three, and licium, a thread. Others derive treillis, from treille, an arbour, that being from L. trichila, a bower or arbour.] 1. A structure or frame of cross-barred work or lattice-work, used for supporting plants; a Trellis. 1, Wooden. 2, Wire. kind of espalier for climbing plants or for training fruit-trees.-2. A reticulated framing or lattice-work of wood or metal, for screens, doors, or windows.-3. In her. same as Treille. Trellis (trel'is), v.t. To furnish with or as with a trellis, lattice, or wooden frame 'Cottages trellised over with exotic plants Jeffrey. Trellis-work (trel'is-wêrk), n. Latticework. Birds of sunny plume in gilded trellis-work. Tennyson. See TRELLIS Tremadoc (trem'a-dok), a. Of or pertaining to Tremadoc in North Wales. -Tremadoc slates, in geol, a series of coloured slates and grits, occurring at Tremadoc, and constituting a portion of the Cambrian system of Sedgwick, or the lower Silurian of Murchi son. Tremando (tra-man'dó). [It, trembling] In music, one of the harmonic graces, which consists in a general shake of the whole chord, and is thus distinguished from tremolo, which consists in a reiteration of a single note of the chord. Tremandraceae (tre-man-dra'sé-ė), n. pl. A nat. order of Australian exogens, consisting of slender shrubs much resembling heaths, usually covered with glandular hairs. There are but two known genera, Tremandra and Tetratheca. Some of the species are grown in greenhouses in this country. Tremarctos (trem-ark'tos), n. A South American genus of Ursidae; the spectacled bear. See under SPECTACLED. Trematoda (trem-a-to'da), n. pl. [Gr. trèma, trematos, a hole, a pore.] An order of Annuloida (comprised in Owen's Sterelmintha), comprising a group of internal parasites.commonly known as suctorial worms or flukes. They are usually of a flattened or rounded form, and inhabit various situations in different animals, mostly in birds and fishes, being furnished with one or more suctorial pores, like minute cupping-glasses, for adhesion. With one exception there is always an alimentary canal, often much branched, not lying in a perivisceral cavity, but hollowed out of the substance of the body, and having but a single external opening, serving alike as mouth and anus. They are nearly all hermaphrodite, and undergo a series of changes in their development analogous to those observed in Tæniada. Distoma TREMATODE hepaticum, or common liver-fluke, which inhabits the gall-bladder or ducts of the liver in sheep, and is the cause of the disease called rot, is the type. See DISTOMA. Trematode, Trematoid (trem'a-tōd, trem'a-toid), a. Of or pertaining to the Trematoda; as, trematode worms. Trematode (trem'a-tōd), n. the order Trematoda. Tremblable (trem'bla-bl), a. A member of Calculated to cause fear or trembling; fearful. But what is tremblable and monstrous, there be some who, when God smites them, they fly unto a witch, or an inchauntresse, and call for succour. Dr. G. Benson. Tremble (trem'bl), v. i. pret. & pp. trembled; ppr. trembling. [Fr. trembler, It. tremolare, Sp. tremolar, from L. tremulus, trembling, from tremo, to tremble; Gr. tremo, to tremble. The bis inserted as in number. Tremulous, tremendous have the same origin.] 1. To shake involuntarily, as with fear, cold, weakness, or as the effect of different emotions, such as anger, rage, grief, &c.; to quake; to quiver; to shiver; to shudder: said of persons. Patience perforce with wilful choler meeting Makes my flesh tremble. Shak. Frighted Turnus trembled as he spoke. Dryden. 2. To be moved with a quivering motion; to shake; to quiver; to totter: said of things; as, the earth trembles. Sinai, whose gray top shall tremble.' Milton. -3. To quaver; to shake, as sound; as, the voice trembles. Winds make a noise unequally, and sometimes when vehement tremble at the height of their blast. Bacon. Tremble (trem'bl), n. The act or state of trembling; an involuntary shaking or shivering through cold or fear. Thackeray. There stood the enemy in a tremble. Often used in the colloquial phrase all of a tremble. Mrs. Gill... came all of a tremble, as she said herself. Charlotte Bronte. Tremblement (trem'bl-ment), n. [Fr.] 1. In music, a trill or shake.-2. A tremor; a quivering. The wood... Thrills in leafy tremblement, Like a heart that after climbing beateth quickly through content. E. B. Browning. Trembler (trem'blér), n. 1. One who or that which trembles. Cowardly tremblers.' Hammond. 2. One of a religious sect of the time of Queen Elizabeth. These quaint-primitive dissemblers Trembling (trem'bling), p. and a. Shaking, as with fear, cold, or weakness; quaking; shivering. -Trembling poplar, trembling tree, the aspen tree (Populus tremula), so called. 1. The act or Trembling (trem'bling), n. state of shaking involuntarily, as from fear, cold, or weakness.-2. pl. An inflammatory affection in sheep, caused by eating noxious vegetables. SYN. Tremor, trepidation, shivering, agitation. In a Tremblingly (trem'bling-li), adv. trembling manner; so as to shake; with shivering or quaking. Tremblingly she stood.' Shak Tremblores (trem-blō'rez), n. pl. A name given in South America to the surfacetremors' which, in some volcanic districts, Page. are almost of daily occurrence. Tremefaction (trem-i-fak'shon), n. tremefacio, to cause to shake.] The act or state of trembling; agitation. Tremella ( trẻ-mella), n. [L. [From L. tremo, to tremble, in allusion to the gelatinous texture of the plants.] A genus of fungi, of the division Hymenomycetes, the species of which are known by their amorphous character, by having a soft gelatinous appearance, and looking like gummy exudations of the substances on which they grow. They are mostly found on the decaying branches, trunks, and stumps of trees. Superstitious notions have been connected with them, and an imaginary medicinal value has been ascribed to them. Tremellini (trẻ-mel-lini), n. pl. A family of hymenomycetous fungi, of which the genus Tremella is the type. See TREMELLA. Tremelloid (tre-mel'oid), a. In bot. resembling the fungus Tremella in substance; jelly-like. Tremendous (tre-men'dus), a. [L. tremendus, lit. to be trembled at, dreadful, from treino, to tremble, whence also tremor,tremulous, tremble.] 1. Sufficient to excite fear or 427 'Some Tatler. terror; terrible; awful; dreadful. mysteries sacred and tremendous.' Hence 2. Such as may astonish by magnitude, force, or violence; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall; a tremendous noise.-SYN. Terrible, dreadful, frightful, terrific, horrible, awful. Tremendously (trẻ-mendus-li), ado. tremendous manner; in a manner to terrify or astonish; with great violence. Tremendousness (trê-men'dus-nes), n. The state or quality of being tremendous, terrible, or violent. In a Tremolando (trem-ō-lan'dō), n. Same as MOLO. Tremolite (trem'ō-lit), n. [From Val Tremola, a valley in the Alps where it was discovered.] A mineral regarded as a variety of hornblende, and known also as grammatite. It is found in dolomite, crystalline limestone, and other of the older rocks. It is of a grayish, yellowish, or greenish colour, and usually occurs in long, prismatic crystals An asparagus green variety is called Calamite. Tremolo (trem'o-lõ), n. [It., from L. tremulus. See TREMENDOUS.] In music, (a) a chord or note played or bowed with great rapidity so as to produce a quavering effect. (b) A pulsative tone in an organ produced by a variation in the volume of air admitted from the bellows. It is produced by a fluttering valve which commands the air-duct. Also this contrivance itself. (c) A vibration of the voice in singing, suitable for the production of certain effects, but often too much and too indiscriminately used by vocalists. Tremor (tre'mor), n. [L., from tremo, to tremble. See TREMENDOUS.] An involuntary trembling; a shivering or shaking; a quivering or vibratory motion; as, the tremor of a person who is weak, infirm, or old, or labouring under some disorder. Harvey. He fell into a universal tremor. Tremulent (trem'u-lent), a. Tremulous (trem'u-lus), a. [L. tremulus, from tremo, to tremble. See TREMENDOUS.] 1. Trembling; affected with fear or timidity. 'The tender, tremulous Christian.' Dr. H. More.-2. Shaking; shivering; quivering; as, a tremulous limb; a tremulous motion of the hand or the lips; the tremulous leaf of the poplar. In a Where there was nothing to determine him, the balance, by hanging even, became tremulous. Bp. Fell. Tremulously (trem'u-lus-li), adv. tremulous manner; tremblingly; with quivering or trepidation. The Tremulousness (trem'u-lus-nes), n. state of being tremulous or quivering; as, the tremulousness of an aspen leaf. Tren (tren), n. A fishspear. Ainsworth. Trenail (tre'nal), n. Same as Treenail. Trench (trensh), v.t. [O. Fr. trencher, to cut off, to cut to pieces, Mod. Fr. trancher; according to Littré from L. truncare, to lop, to cut off.] 1. To cut or dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long hollow in the earth. 2. In agri. to furrow deeply with the spade or plough; to cut deeply by a succession of parallel and contiguous trenches for certain purposes of tillage; to break up and prepare for crops by deep digging and removing stones, &c.-3. To fortify by cutting a ditch and raising a rampart or breastwork of earth thrown out of the ditch; to intrench. Pioneers, with spade and pickaxe armed, 4. To cut; to form by hewing or cutting; to carve out. Twenty trenched gashes on his head.' Shak. This weak impress of love is as a figure Trench (trensh), n. 1. A long narrow cut in the earth; a ditch. Be shot for sixpence in a battle-field, And shovell'd up into a bloody trench. Tennyson. 2. In agri, a drain or ditch cut for the purpose of preparing or improving the soil; an open ditch cut for carrying off the surface water.-3. Milit. a general name for any of the parallels or approaches, &c., used in attacking a hostile town or fortress; a deep ditch cut for defence or to interrupt the approach of an enemy. If the ground be hard Trench occupied by soldiers. or rocky trenches are raised above it with fascines, bags of earth, &c.; but if the earth can be easily dug then a ditch or way is sunk, and edged with a parapet, next to the enemy, formed by the earth thrown out of the ditch. The depth of the trench, form of the parapet, &c., vary according to the purpose or occasion. To open the trenches, to begin to dig or to form the lines of approach. [O. Fr. trenchTrenchant (trensh'ant), a. ant. See TRENCH.] 1. Cutting; sharp. The trenchant blade, Toledo trusty, For want of fighting, was grown rusty. Hudibras. 2. Keen; unsparing; severe; as, trenchant wit; trenchant criticism. Trench-cart (trensh'kärt), n. Milit, a cart adapted to traverse the trenches with ordnance, stores, ammunition, &c. Trench-cavalier (trensh'kav-a-ler), n. Milit. a high parapet made by besiegers upon the glacis to command and enfilade the covered-way of a fortress. Trencher (trensh'èr), n. [In sense 2 lit. that on which food is trenched or cut. See TRENCH.] 1. One who trenches or cuts.2. A wooden plate on which meat was formerly eaten at table, or on which meat may be cut or carved. Hence-3. The contents of a trencher; food; pleasures of the table. It would be no ordinary declension that would bring some men to place their summum bonum upon their South. trenchers. 4. See TRENCHER-CAP. Trencher-buffoon (trensh'èr-buf-fön"), n. The wag or butt of a dinner-table. Davies. A cap Trencher-cap (trensh'èr-kap), n. having a flat square top like a square board set on it, such as that worn at Oxford, Cambridge, and some other universities. Sometimes written shortly Trencher. Trencher-chaplain (trensh'èr-chap-lan), n. A domestic chaplain. Heylin. Trencher-critic (trensh'er-krit-ik), n. One who criticises viands; one who studies the regulation of diet. Bp. Hall. One that Trencher-fly (trensh'er-fli), n. haunts the tables of others; a parasite. He found all people came to him promiscuously, and he tried which of them were friends and which only trencher-flies and spungers. Sir R. L'Estrange. One Trencher-friend (trensh'êr-frend), n. who frequents the tables of others; a spunger. Shak. A Trencher-knight (trensh'er-nit), n. serving-man attending at table; a waiter. Some carry tale, some please-man, some slight zany, Some mumble-news, some trencher-knight. Shak Trencher-law (trensh'èr-la), n. The regulation of diet; dietetics. When spleenish morsels cram the gaping maw. Withouten diet's care, or trencher-law. Bp. Hall. Trencher-man (trensh'èr-man), n. 1. A hearty feeder; a great eater. A very val. TRENCHER-MATE iant trencher-man.' Shak.-2. A cook. 'The skilfullest trencher-men of Media.' Sir P. Sidney. -3. A table companion; a trencher-mate. 'Mr. Wagg, the celebrated wit, and a led-captain and trencher-man of Lord Steyne.' Thackeray. Trencher-mate (trensh'èr-mät), n. A table companion; a parasite. Hooker. Trenching (trensh'ing), n. In agri, the act or operation of preparing or improving land by cutting trenches or by bringing up the subsoil to the surface by means of a trenchplough. Trenchmore (trensh'mör), n. 1. A kind of lively dance at one time common, performed in a rough, boisterous manner. All the windows i' the town dance a new trenchmore. Bean. & FL. 2. The music for this dance, which is written in triple or time. Trenchmore (trensh'mor), v.i. To perform the dance so called. Trenchmore with apes, play musick to an owle.' Marston. Trench-plough (trensh'plou), n. A kind of plough for opening land to a greater depth than that of common furrows. Trench-plough (trensh'plou), v.t. Το plough with deep furrows for the purpose of loosening the land to a greater depth than usual. 428 Trepang (tre-pang′), n. The sea-slug, a marine animal of the genus Holothuria, belonging to the class Echinodermata, order Holothuridae, popularly known as 'sea-cucumbers,' or bêchesde-mer. It is found chiefly on coral reefs in the eastern seas, and is highly esteemed as an article of food in China, into which it is imported in large quantities. It is a rather repulsive looking animal, somewhat resembling the land slug in shape, but having rows of longish suckers on its body, and a radiated It varies in length from 6 to 24 inches. Much skill and care is required in the operation of curing, which is performed by gutting and boiling the slugs, and spreading them out on a perforated platform over a wood fire to Trepang (Holo dry. Sun-dried trepangs are thuria edulis). in special request in China for making soups. The fishery is carried on in numerous localities in the Indian Ocean, the Eastern Archipelago, and on the shores of Australia. The whole produce goes to China. To trepan. mouth. Trepanizet (trē'pan-iz), v.l. skull. Trend (trend), v.i. [Lit. to bend circularly, from stem of A. Sax. trendel, tryndel, a circle; Fris. trind, trund, Dan. and Sw. trind, round; closely akin to trundle.] To extend or lie along in a particular direction; to Trepanner (tre-pan'èr), n. One who trepans; stretch; to run; as, the shore of the sea trends to the south-west. On one side the vast range of the Pyrenees trend away till lost in remoteness. Arthur Young. Trend (trend), n. 1. Inclination in a particular direction; as, the trend of a coast. 'Along the trend of the sea-shore.' Longfellow. 2. Naut. (a) the thickening of an anchor shank as it approaches the arms. (b) In a ship riding at anchor the angle made by the line of her keel and the direction of the anchor-cable. 3. In fort. the general line of direction of the side of a work or a line of works. Trend (trend), v.t. bend. [Rare.] To cause to turn; to Not far beneath i' the valley as she trends Trend (trend), v.t. [Probably for tren, from D. and G. trennen, to separate.] To cleanse, as wool. [Local.] Trend (trend), n. Clean or cleansed wool. Trender (trend'ér), n. One whose business is to free wool from its filth. [Local.] Trendle (tren'dl), n. [A. Sax trendel, a circle, a ring. Trundle is another form. See TREND.] Anything round used in turning or rolling; a trundle. The shaft the wheel, the wheel the trendle turns. Sylvester. Trennel (tren'l), n. Same as Treenail. Trental (tren'tal), n. [From Fr. trente, thirty, contr. from L. triginta, thirty. ] 1. An office for the dead in the Roman Catholic service, consisting of thirty masses rehearsed for thirty days successively after the party's death. Hence-2. A dirge; an elegy. Herrick. Trent-sand (trent'sand), n. A fine variety of sand found on the river Trent, much used for polishing. Trepan (tre-pan'), n. [Fr. trépan, Sp. trépano, It. trapano, from Gr. trypanon, a borer, an auger, a surgical instrument, from trypë, a hole.] 1. A war engine or instrument used in sieges for piercing or making holes in the walls. The Inginers have the trepan drest. T. Hudson.-2. In surg. an instru ment in the form of a crown-saw, used for removing portions of the bones of the skull: a surgical operation for relieving the brain from pressure or irritation. The trephine is an improved form of this instrument. See TREPHINE. Trepan (trê-pan'), v.t. pret. & pp. trepanned; ppr. trepanning. To perforate by the trepan; to operate on by the trepan. Trepan (tre-pan'), v.t. [See TRAPAN.] To ensuare; to trap; to trapan. Guards even of a dozen men were silently trepanned from their stations. De Quincey. Trepan (tre-pan'), n. 1. A snare; a trap. The snares and trepans that common life lays in its way.' South.-2. A cheat; a deceiver. He had been from the beginning a spy and a trepan. Macaulay. a cheat. Those pitiful trepanners and impostors sought to seduce them. Bp. Gauden. Trepanning (trē-pan'ing), n. 1. The operation of making an opening in the skull for relieving the brain from compression or irritation.-2. In brush-making, the operation of drawing the tufts or bristles into the holes in the stock by means of wire inserted through holes in the edge, which are then plugged so as to conceal the mode of operation. ér), n. Trepanning-elevator (trē-pan'ing-el-e-vatIn surg. a lever for raising the portion of bone detached by a trephine. Trepeget,f n. [See TREBUCHET] A mili tary engine; a trebuchet. Romaunt of the Rose. Trephine (tre-fin’ or tre fên), n. [Fr trẻ phine, modified form of trépan.] An improved form of the trepan, consisting of a cylindrical saw, with a handle placed transversely, like that of a gimlet, and having a sharp steel point called the centre-pin, which may be fixed and removed at pleasure, and which stands in the centre of the circle formed by the saw, but projecting a little below the edge of the saw. The centre-pin is fixed in the skull, and forms an axis round which the circular edge of the saw rotates, and as soon as the teeth of the saw have made a circular groove in which they can work steadily the centre-pin is removed. The saw is made to cut through the bone, not by a series of complete rotations such as are made by the trepan, but by rapid half rotations alternately to the right and left, as in boring with an awl. The trephine is used especially in injuries of the head, and in cases resulting from injuries for which the removal of a portion of the brain is necessary. The use of the trephine, however, is now much more rarely required than in former times, owing to improved modes of treating cases to which it was formerly applied, and the invention of simpler and more effective instruments. Trephine (tre-fin' or tre-fen'), v.t. pret. & pp. trephined; ppr. trephining. To perforate with a trephine; to trepan. Trepid (trep'id), a. [L. trepidus. See TREPIDATION.] Trembling; quaking. Look at the poor little trepid creature panting and helpless under the great eyes. Thackeray. Trepidation (trep-i-da'shon), n. [L. trepidatio, from trepido, to tremble, from trepidus, trembling, from the obsolete verb trepo, to turn, Gr. trepo, to turn, to put to flight.] 1. An involuntary trembling; a quaking or quivering, particularly from fear or terror; hence, a state of terror; as, the men were in great trepidation. The general trepidation of fear and wickedness.' Johnson.— 2. A trembling of the limbs, as in paralytic affections.-3. In anc. astron. a libration of the eighth sphere, or a motion which the Ptolemaic system ascribes to the firmament, TRESSED to account for the changes and motion of the axis of the world. That crystalline sphere whose balance weighs The trepidation talk'd, and that first moved." Milton. 4. Hurry; confused haste. SYN. Tremor, agitation, disturbance, emotion, fear. The state of Trepidity (tre-pid'i-ti), n. being trepid; trepidation; timidity. Tresayle (tres'al), n. [Fr. trisaïeul, a greatgreat-grandfather-L. tris, tres, three, and L.L. avolus, from avus, a grandfather.] In law, an old writ which lay for a man claiming as heir to his grandfather's grandfather, to recover lands of which he had been deprived by an abatement' happening on the ancestor's death. Trespass (tres'pas), v. i. [0. Fr. trespassertres L. trans, beyond, and passer, to pass. See PASS.] 1. To pass beyond a limit or boundary; hence, to depart; to go. Robert de Bruce... trespassed out of this uncertain world. Berners. 2. To pass over the boundary line of another's land; to enter unlawfully upon the land of another, or upon that which is the property and right of another; as, a man may trespass by walking over the ground of another, and the law gives a remedy for damages sustained.-3. To commit any of fence; to offend; to transgress; to do wrong: usually followed by against. If any man trespass against his neighbour.' 1 Ki. viii. 31. If thy brother trespass against thee, rebuke him. Luke xvii. 3. Norris. They... trespass against all logic. 4. In a narrower sense, to transgress voluntarily any divine law or command; to violate any known rule of duty; to commit sin. In the time of his distress did he trespass yet more against the Lord. 2 Chr. xxviii, 22. Go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast trespassed. 2 Chr. xxvi. 18. 5. To intrude; to go too far; to encroach; as, to trespass upon the time or patience of another. Nothing that trespasses upon the modesty of the company, and the decency of conversation, can be come the mouth of a wise and virtuous person. Tillotson. Trespass (tres'pas), n. 1. The act of one who trespasses or offends; an injury or offence done to another; a violation of some law or rule laid down. Be plainer with me, let me know my trespass 2. In a narrower sense, any voluntary transgression of the moral law; any violation of a known rule of duty; sin. You hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins. Eph. ii. 1. 3. In law, strictly speaking, any transgression of the law not amounting to felony, or misprision of felony; but the term is generally used to signify any wrong done to the person, to the goods and chattels, or to the lands and tenements of any man. Any injuries committed against land or buildings are in the most ordinary sense of the word trespasses, as entering another's house without permission, walking over the ground of another, or suffering any cattle to stray upon it, or any detrimental act or any practice which damages in the slightest degree the property, or interferes with the owner's or occupier's rights of possession. Trespass against the person may be by menace, assault, battery, or maiming. SYN. Offence, breach, infringement, transgression, misdemeanour, misdeed. Trespasser (tres'pas-ér), n. 1. One who commits a trespass; an offender; a sinner.2. One who enters upon another's land, or violates his rights. Trespass-offering (tres'pas-of-fèr-ing), n. An offering, among the Israelites, in expiation of a trespass. Tress (tres), n. [Fr. tresse, O Fr. trece, Pr. tressa, It. treccia, a tress, plait of hair, probably from Gr. tricha, threefold, in three parts, from the usual mode of plaiting the hair; hence the word is allied to E. three.] 1. A lock or curl of hair; a ringlet. Tresses like the morn.' Milton. Fair tresses man's imperial race insnare. Pope. 2. A trace. Chapman. [Obsolete and rare.] Tennyson. TRESSEL 2. Curled; formed into ringlets. He, plunged in pain, his tressed locks doth tear. Spenser. Tressel (tres'l),n. Same as Trestle (which see). Tressfult (tres'ful), a. Having an abundance of tresses; having luxuriant hair. 'Queintly dressing of her tressful head.' Sylvester. Tresson (tres-of), n. [Fr.] The net-work for the hair worn by ladies in the middle ages. Tressour, tn. [See TRESS.] An instrument used for plaiting the hair; an ornament of hair when tressed. Romaunt of the Rose. Tressure (tresh'ur), n. [From Fr. tresser, to twist, to plait. See TRESS.] In her. the diminutive of the orle, and generally reckoned one-half of that ordinary. It passes round the field, following the shape and form of the escutcheon, whatever shape it may be, and is usually borne double. When ornamented with fleur-de-lis on both sides it is termed a tressure Double tressure flory. flory-counter-flory, the counter-flory. flowers being reversed alternately. A tressure flory is when the flowers are on one side only of the tressure, with the ends of them inwards. Tressured (tresh'urd), a. Provided with a tressure; arranged in the form or occupying the place of a tressure. The tressured fleur-de-luce he claims Tressy (tres'i), a. Pertaining to tresses; 429 cross-beams supporting a roadway, railwaytrack, &c. Trestle-work is much used for bridges and viaducts in America. Tret (tret), n. [Norm. Fr. trett, draught, Fr. trait, from O. Fr. traire, to draw, from L. trahere, to draw.] In com. an allowance to purchasers of certain kinds of goods for waste or refuse matter. It consists of a deduction of 4 lbs. for every 104 lbs. of suttle weight, or weight after the tare is deducted. It is now nearly discontinued by merchants, or else allowed in the price. Tretable,ta. Treatable; tractable. Chau cer. Trete,t v.t. or i. To treat; to discourse. Trete, Tretee,t n. Treaty. Chaucer. Tretise, Tretys, a. [0. Fr. traictis, long velvet. Trevet (trev'et), n. [See TRIVET.] 1. A stool or other thing that is supported by three legs.-2. A movable iron frame or stand to support a kettle, &c., on a grate; a trivet. Trewe,t n. A truce. Chaucer. Trewe,t a. True; faithful. Chaucer. Trews (tröz), n. pl. Trousers: generally applied to the tartan trousers of Highlanders. [Scotch.] He wore the trews, or close trousers, made of tartan, checked scarlet and white. Sir W. Scott. Trewsman (tröz'man), n. A Highlander, more properly an islesman of the Hebrides: so called from his dress. Sir W. Scott. [Scotch.] Treyt (tra), n. [O. Fr. trei, troi, Fr. trois, L. tres, three.] A three at cards or dice; a card of three spots. Shak. Tri (tri) A prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifying three, thrice, or in threes; from Gr. tris, thrice, treis, three, L. tres, tria, three. Triable (tri'a-bl), a. 1. Fit or possible to be tried; capable of being subjected to trial or test. The experiments triable by our engine.' Boyle.-2. Capable of undergoing a judicial examination; fit or proper to come under the cognizance of a court; as, a cause may be triable before one court which is not triable in another. He being irresponsible, but his Ministers answerable for his acts, impeachable by the Commons and triable by the Peers. Brougham. Triableness (tri'a-bl-nes), n. The state of being triable. Triachenium, Triakenium (tri-a-ke'nium), n. [Prefix tri, and achenium.] In bot. a fruit which consists of three achenia. Triacle (tri'a-kl), n. A medicine or substance serving as an antidote. Chaucer. See TREACLE. Wonderful, therefore, is the power of a Christian, who not only overcomes and conquers and kills the viper, but like the skilful apothecary, makes antidote and triacle of him. Hales. Triacontahedral (tri-a-kon'ta-he"dral), a. [Gr. triakonta, thirty, and hedra, side. ] 1. Having thirty sides.-2. In crystal. bounded by thirty rhombs. Triaconter (tri'a-kon-ter), n. [Gr. triakontères, from triakonta, thirty.] In Greek antiq. a vessel of thirty oars. Triad (tri'ad), n. [L. trias, triadis, from Gr. trias, triados, from treis, tria, three.] 1. A unity of three; three united.-2. In music, the common chord or harmony, so named because it is formed of three radical sounds, a fundamental note or bass, its third, and its fifth.-3. In chem. an elementary substance, each atom of which will combine with three atoms of a monad. -4. A trinity; as, in Hindu myth, the three principal divinities in the Rig Veda, to whom hymns are addressed: Indra, the personification of the phenomena of the visible firmament, especially of thunder and rain; Agni, of fire, especially of sacrificial fire; and Surya or Savitri, of the sun. The triad of later Brahmanic or Hindu literature consists of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva. See TRIMURTI. 5. In Welsh literature, a form of composition which came into use in the TRIALITY twelfth century. Triads are an arrangement of similar events, or things which might be associated in the mind, or be worthy of remembrance, &c., in a series of three. Then there are the singular compositions called the Triads, which are enumerations of events or other particulars, bound together in knots of three, by means of some title or general observation-sometimes, it must be confessed, forced and far-fetched enough under which it is conceived that they may all be included. Of the Triads, some are moral, and others historical. Craik. Triadelphous (tri-a-del'fus), a. [Gr. treis, three, and adelphia, brotherhood.] In bot. a term applied to plants whose filaments are combined into three masses, as in some species of Hypericum. Triadic (tri-ad'ik), a. Of or pertaining to a triad; specifically, in chem. triatomic; triva lent. Triadist (tri'ad-ist), n. A composer of a Were but my trials of thy love, and thou Shak. 2. That which tries or afflicts, harasses or bears severely on a person; that which tries the character or principle; temptation; test of virtue; as, every station is exposed to some trials; to have to speak in public was a great trial to him.-3. The state of being tried; a having to suffer or endure something; the state of experiencing; experience. Others had trial of cruel mockings and scourgings. Heb. xi. 36. 4. A process for testing qualification, capabilities, knowledge, progress, and the like: an examination. As for trials (the Harton word for examination).' Farrar. Girl after girl was call'd to trial; each 5. A combat decisive of the merits of a I mean, my lord, the opposition of your person in trial. Shak. 6. Verification; proof. They will scarcely believe this without trial offer them instances. Shak. 7. In law, the examination of a cause in controversy between parties before a proper tribunal. Trials are civil or criminal. In criminal informations, and in indictments, wherever preferred, the trial must take place before a judge or judges (or other presiding magistrate) and a jury. Minor offences against the laws are, however, in general, dealt with summarily before magistrates. Civil actions in England are tried and heard in one of the following ways: (a) before a judge or judges; (b) before a judge sitting with assessors: (c) before a judge and jury; (d) before an official or special referee, with or without assessors. In England, as in the United States, civil trials, without a jury, are more common than formerly. -New trials in civil cases are granted where the court, of which the record is, sees reason to be dissatisfied with a verdict, on the ground of a misdirection by the judge to the jury, a verdict against evidence, excessive damages, improper evidence, fresh evidence discovered after the verdict was given, &c.Trial at bar. See BAR.-Trial by record. See RECORD.-Trial by jury. See JURY.-SYN. Attempt, endeavour, effort, experiment, proof, essay, test. Trial-day (tri'al-da), n. Day of trial. 'Brought against me at my trial-day." Shak. Trial-fire (tri'al-fir), n. A fire for trying or proving; ordeal-fire. With trial-fire touch me his finger-end: Triality (tri-ali-ti), n. [From L. tres, tria, three.] Three united; state of being three. [Rare.] There may be found very many dispensations of triality of benefices. H. Wharton. TRIALOGUE Trialogue (tri'a-log), n. [Gr. treis, tria, Triandria (tri-an'dri-a), n. pl. The third class andria is also the name of Triandria-Floret of Valerian. of which, besides their classic characters, have three stamens. Triandrian, Triandrous (tri-an'dri-an, trian'drus), a. Belonging to the Linnæan class Triandria; having three distinct and equal stamens in the same flower with a pistil or pistils. Triangle (tri'ang-gl or tri-ang'gl), n. [Fr. triangle, from L. triangulum-tres, tria, three, and angulus, a corner.] 1. In geom, a figure bounded by three lines and containing three angles. The three angles of a plane triangle are equal to two right angles or 180°, and its area is equal to half that of a rectangle or parallelogram of the same base and altitude. The triangle is the most important figure in geometry, and may be considered the element of all other figures. If the three lines or sides of a triangle are all straight, it is a plane or rectilinear triangle, as figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. If all the three sides are equal, it is an equilateral triangle, fig. 2. If two of the sides only are equal, it is an isosceles triangle, fig. 3. If all the three sides are unequal, it is a scalene triangle, fig. 4. If one of the angles AAA B 5 Triangles. If 430 forces. Supplemental triangle. See under Flogging was then very common in the regiment. Triangled (tri'ang-gld), a. 1. Having three vertex. Triangularity (tri-ang'gü-lar”i-ti), n. Qua- Triangularly (tri-ang'gū-lėr-li), adv. In a Triangulate (trī-ang'gû-lāt), v.t. pret. & pp. The Triangulum (tri-ang'gü-lum), n. [L] In is a right angle, the triangle is right-angled, TRIBRACH Trias (tri'as), n. (Gr. trias, the number three.] In geol. a name sometimes given to the upper new red sandstone. See TRIASSIC. Triassic (tri-as'ik), a. Pertaining to or composed of trias.-Triassic system, in geol new red sandstone; a series of strata forming the lowest or oldest subdivision of the secondary or mesozoic group. It derived its name from its being composed in Germany of three well-marked groups, the Keuper, Muschelkalk, and Bunter-sandstein. Only the highest and lowest of these groups are known in England. Triatic-stay (tri-at'ik-stā), n. Naut. a rope Tribal (trib'al), a. Belonging to a tribe; Tribalism is not higher or more liberal than na- Tribasic (tri-bās'ik), a. [Gr. treis, three, and basis, base.] In chem a term applied to those acids which combine in their neutral salts with three equivalents of a base. Tribe (trib), n. [L. tribus, one of the three bodies into which the Romans were originally divided, from tres, tria, three.] 1. A division, class, or distinct portion of a people or nation, from whatever cause that distinction may have originated; as, the city of Athens was divided into ten tribes; Rome was originally divided into three tribes; afterward the people were distributed into thirty tribes, and afterward into thirty-five. Have you collected them by tribes Shak 2. A family, race, or series of generations. Shak. 3. In classification, a term used by some And then there flutter'd in, 5. A nation of savages, forming a subdivision Our fowl, fish, and quadrupeds are well tribed by Mr. Willoughby and Mr. Ray. B. Nicolson. Triblet (trib'let), n. 1. A mandrel used in forging tubes, nuts, and rings, and for other purposes. 2. A mandrel in a machine for making lead-pipe. Spelled also Treblet. See MANDREL. Tribometer (tri-bom'et-ér), n. [Gr. tribo, to rub or wear, and metron, measure.] An apparatus, resembling a sled, for measuring the force of friction in rubbing surfaces. Triboulet (trib'o-let), n. Same as Triblet. Tribrach (tri'brak).n. [Gr. tribrachys-treis, three, and brachys, short.] In pros. a poetic |
