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VANDERKEMP-KAEMPFER-BERNIER

they fall to dressing it up again as it was before. The Myau-tse think this dress very charming, especially for young women.”DU HALDE.

"A MUCH more sensible use is made of the hair by the Matolas, a tribe in South Africa. They let it grow very long, and form it into a kind of hollow cylinder, or pouch, which serves them as a pocket."VANDERKEMP.

[The Rushing of Awa.]

"ON the coast of Japan is a whirlpool,

called The Rushing of Awa, Awano Narrotto. It rushes about a small rocky island, which is by the violence of the motion kept in perpetual trembling."-KAEMpfer.

[The River Mahmoudker.]

"THE river Mahmoudker, i.e. Mahmoud the Deaf, is a surprising natural rarity. At some distance from Spauhawn, there is a range of rocks, plain and equal for a considerable space, except that here and there they have openings, like the embrasures in bastions, through which the winds pass with surprising velocity: through these rocks falls the river we mentioned into a noble bason, partly wrought by the water itself, and partly formed by art. As one ascends the mountain, certain natural chinks shew the water at the bottom of it, like a sleeping lake, covered with rocks and mountains it is thought to be of unfathomable depth; and, when stones are thrown into it, they cause a most amazing noise, which almost deafens the hearers; whence this river is supposed to derive its name. After its descent from the bason before mentioned, it rolls along the plain, till at last it falls into the river Zenderoud. Some are of opinion that this river does not derive its water from springs, but from the snow on the tops of the mountains, which melting gradually, distils through the chinks of the

- LINSCHOTEN.

rocks, into the vast lake before-mentioned: and this, they think, is in some measure proved from the acrimonious taste of these waters, which is, however, lost, after it joins the Zenderoud." — Universal History.

[A very odd Consort to a European who is a new Comer.]

"THERE is a large raised place called Nagarkany, because that is the place where the trumpets are, or rather the hautboys and timbals, that play together in consort at certain hours of the day and night; but

this is a very odd consort in the ears of an European that is a new comer, not yet accustomed to it, for sometimes there are ten or twelve of those hautboys, and as many timbals, that sound altogether at once; and there is a hautboy which is called karna, a fathom and a half long, and of half a foot aperture below; as there are timbals of brass or iron, that have no less than a fathom in diameter; whence it is easy to judge what a noise they must needs make. Indeed this music, in the beginning, did so pierce and stun me, that it was unsufferable for me; yet I know not what strange power custom hath, for I now find it very pleasing, especially in the night, when I hear it afar off in my bed upon my terrace; then it seemeth to me to carry with it something that is grave, majestical, and very melodious."--FRANCIS BERNIER.

[Use of Ambergris, &c.]

"THEY use ambergris in many fair works with musk, civet, benjoin, and other sweet things mixed together, whereof they make fine apples and pears wrought about with silver and gold, which they bear in their hands to smell upon; and in haftes of knives, handles of poinyards, and such like, which they make of silver and amber within them, which in divers places shineth through."—LINSCHOTEN.

HANMER BRUCE-SHAW.

[Buddas-Boodha:-Vestiges of Christianity in the East accounted for.]

Σκυθιανός τις Σαρακινός, κ.τ.λ.

"A CERTAIN Saracen of Scythia had to his wife a captive born in the Upper Thebais, for whose sake he settled himself to dwell in Egypt; and being well seen in the discipline of the Egyptians, he endeavoured to sow among the doctrine of Christ, the opinions of Empedocles and Pythagoras, that there were two natures, (as Empedocles dreamed,) one good, another bad; the bad, enmity; the good, unity. This Seythian had to his disciple one Buddas, who afore that time, was called Terebynthus, which went to the coasts of Babylon inhabited of Persians, and there published of himself many false wonders, that he was born of a virgin, that he was bred and brought up in the mountains; after this he wrote four books, one of Mysteries, the second he entitled the Gospel, the third Thesaurus, the fourth a Summary. He fained, on a time, that he would work certain feats, and offer sacrifice; but he being on high, the divell threw him down, so that he brake his neck and died miserably.". Socrates Scholasticus, 1. 1, c. 17, aliàs c. 22. HANMER'S Translation.

THE hostess of this Buddas, he adds, bought Manes as a slave, trained him up well, and left him all Buddas' property, including these books which he published as his own.

All that is worth notice here is the name Buddas, Bovedas, the tale of his immaculate conception, and the Scythian origin ascribed to his doctrines. Could Socrates have heard some blind story of Boodha, or is this the real author of that idolatry?

In confirmation of this, I find that Adam, one of the twelve Masters whom Manes appointed as Apostles, travelled eastward, and was reverenced in the east after his death; being, according to BERNINO, vol. 1, p. 194, the Adam whose footstep is shewn in Ceylon. This is very probable. The Mohammedans hearing the name, would naturally

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confound the persons. Another of the twelve was named Budda. The vestiges of Christianity in the east are thus satisfactorily accounted for.

[Evening Walk on the House-top in the
East.]

"AFTER supper, the excessive heat of the day being past, covering our heads from the night air always blowing at that time from the east, and charged with watery particles from the Indian ocean, we had a luxurious walk of two or three hours, as free from the heat as from the noise and impertinence of the day, upon a terraced roof, under a cloudless sky, where the smallest star is visible. These evening walks have been looked upon as one of the principal pleasures of the east, even though not accompanied with the luxuries of astronomy and meditation. They have been adhered to from early times to the present, and we may therefore be assured they were always wholesome; they have often been misapplied, and misspent in love."-Bruce.

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[Offence to the Jenoune.]

"THEY place great faith and confidence in magicians and sorcerers, as the nations did who in old time were their neighbours: and upon some extraordinary occasions, particularly in a lingering distemper, they use several superstitious ceremonies in the sacrificing of a cock, a sheep, or a goat, by burying the whole carcase underground, or by drinking a part of the blood, or else by burning or dispersing the feathers. For it is a prevailing opinion all over this country, that a great many diseases proceed from some offence or other that hath been given to the Jenoune, a sort of creatures placed by the Mahometans betwixt angels and devils. These, like the fairies of our forefathers, are supposed to frequent shades and fountains, and to assume the bodies of

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FORBES-BELL-WARD-EVLIA EFFENDI.

toads, worms, and other little animals, which, being always in our way, are liable every moment to be hurt and molested. When any person, therefore, is sick or maimed, he fancies that he hath injured one or other of these beings, and immediately the women, who, like the ancient Venificæ, are dexterous in these ceremonies, go, upon a Wednesday, with frankincense and other perfumes, to some neighbouring spring, and there sacrifice, as I have already hinted, a hen or a cock, an ewe or a ram, &c. according to the sex and quality of the patient, and the nature of the distemper."-SHAW.

[Funeral Superstition.]

"UNDER the groves of Chandode are

way of collecting this dust is, by spreading a cloth before the door of a house where a great multitude of Brahmins are assembled at a feast, and as each Brahmin comes out, he shakes the dust from his feet as he treads upon this cloth. Many miraculous cures are declared to have been performed on persons eating this dust."- WARD, vol 4, p. 10.

[The Station of Peer Mirza.] EVLIA visited a station on the confines of Persia, called Peer Mirza, where "the body of the Saint was seated in one of the corners of the convent in a curved position, the face turned toward the Kibla, the head incumbent on a rock. "His body," says many funeral monuments, in honour of pil-like cotton, without corruption. The derthe Turkish traveller, " is light and white grims who have died in their pilgrimage, vishes, who are busy all day long with and whose ashes were brought to this sanctified spot, and cast into the river; because cleaning and sweeping the convent, put it forms an essential part of the Hindoo every night a bason of clear water at the Saint's feet, and find it empty in the mornsystem that each element shall have a portion of the human body at its dissolution." ing. His dress is always clean and white, —FORBES, vol. 3, p. 11. without the least dust upon it. The brain of all who visit this place is perfumed by the scent of ambergris; and he who recites at his tomb the seven verses of a Fautika may be sure to attain, during seven days the object of his wishes."

[The Grapes of Shamachy.]

"THE country about Shamachy produces very fine grapes, from which the Christians make very good wine. They keep it in great jars resembling the Florence oil ones, which they deposit under ground in their gardens, covering them above with a thin stone, neatly pasted about the edges, for the better preservation of the liquor. When they give an entertainment, they spread carpets round the jar, which is generally placed in a shade, and on these the guests are seated."-BELL.

[Dust of the Brahmin's Feet.] "A FEW persons are to be found, who endeavour to collect the dust from the feet of one hundred thousand Brahmins. One

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"NASROLLAH SEMMAND was so famous a

fisher, that if he threw his net upon the sand of the desert, he was sure of catching fish. When I, poor EVLIA, on my pilgrimage, came from Damascus to the place called Peer Zemrood, the Emerald Well, the pilgrims brought their aprons full of small and large fishes, which they had found among the sand, which they did boil and eat: they were remains of those fishes which the Prophet bade Nasrollah Semmand take here by casting his net."-EVLIA.

[The Tomb of Meitzade.]

ONE of the sacred places near Constantinople was the tomb of Meitzade, a saint whose history is thus related by EVLIA EFFENDI. "His father going to the siege of Erla, recommended the child then in his mother's womb to the care of the Almighty. Soon after his departure, the woman died and was buried. She was delivered in the tomb, and nourished her child by a mira

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cle. The father coming back, and hearing of his wife's death, desired to be shewn the grave, where he found the child sucking the mother's breast, which was undecayed. He praised God, and took the child home, who became a great and learned man."

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To drink the water in which a Brahmin's toe has been dipped, is considered as a very great favour.

"WHEN enquiring into this circumstance, I was informed, that vast numbers of Shoodrus drank the water in which a Brahmin has dipt his foot, and abstain from food in the morning till this ceremony be over. Some persons do this every day, and others vow to attend to it for such a length of time, in order to obtain the removal of some disease. Persons may be seen carrying a small quantity of water in a cup, and intreating the first Brahmin they see to put his toe in it. This person then drinks the water, and bows or prostrates to the Brahmin, who gives him a blessing. Some sons keep water thus sanctified in their houses."-WARD, vol. 4, p. 9.

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[Tuburrook, or Holy Gift.] "AMONG the articles of a war dress sent after the capture of Seringapatam, to the Duke of York, was one of the Sultan's turbans, (perhaps more of a helmet,) which had been dipt in the sacred fountain of Zemzim at Mecca, and on that account was supposed to be invulnerable. This was called a tuburrook, or holy gift."- FORBES, vol. 4, p. 194.

AMERICAN TRIBES,

INCIDENTAL AND MISCELLANEOUS ILLUSTRATIONS.

[Atrocious Custom of the Mexicans.]

soned off, another similar supply was sent.'

NE of the cursed customs of the

Mexicans was to distort the
limbs of children, and break

-Ibid. 4. 9. 8.

their backs, in order to make [Anno 1638. Negress's Twins; one white, court-monsters of them."- Herrera, 2.

7. 10.

[Cruelty of Atahualpa.]

ATAHUALPA was quite as cruel as his conquerors. The Cañaris, a brave and highly civilized people, sent their youths and children to request pardon for having opposed him, and he slew thousands and tens of thousands of them, and had their hearts taken out, and set in rows in the fields, saying, he would see what fruit would come "To this day," says of such lying hearts. HERRERA, their bones and skulls strike horror into any one who sees the multitude of them, which still remain unconsumed in that dry and sandy soil.” — Ibid.

5. 3. 17.

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the other a Negro.]

"A NEGRESS had twins this year by a Portugueze, both were boys, the one white, the other a negro.”—Piso, p. 34.

[Reason why the Ingas married their Sisters.]

"THE reason why the Ingas married their sisters, was that blood-royal might not fail, though the woman should commit adultery."-HERrera, 5. 4. 1.

[Quilted Cotton Jackets.]

“1511. A HUNDRED jackets (jaquetas,) quilted with cotton, and brought from England, were sent to the Spaniards at Hispaniola, as the best defence against the arrows

[Montezuma's Way of keeping up the Popu- of the Indians."-Ibid. 1. 9. 5.

lation in poisonous Districts.]

"MONTEZUMA used to keep up the population on the pestilential north coast of

his empire, by sending from time to time [Suggestion as to some of the Population of

eight thousand families to settle there, mak

ing them free from tribute, and giving them

America.]

IN 1731, a bark, with six men, which was

lands and houses. When they were poi-laden with wine, and bound from Teneriffe

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