olish their constitution and form of government whenever they may deem necessary to their safety and happiness; provided, such change be not repugnt to the constitution of the United States.

SEC. 7. The right to withdraw from the Federal Union on account of any or supposed grievance, shall never be assumed by this State, nor shall y law be passed in derogation of the paramount allegiance of the citizens this State to the government of the United States.

SEC. S. All persons resident in this State, citizens of the United States, are reby declared citizens of the State of Mississippi.

SEC. 9. The military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. SEC. 10. Treason against the State shall consist only in levying war inst the same or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid and comfort. person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court.

SEC. 11. The right of the people peaceably to assembly and petition the ernment on any subject shall never be impaired.

SEC. 12. The right of every citizen to keep and bear arms in defense of home, person or property, or in aid of the civil power when thereto legally moned, shall not be called in question, but the legislature may regulate forbid carrying concealed weapons.

SEC. 13. The freedom of speech and of the press shall be held sacred, 1 in all prosecutions for libel the truth may be given in evidence, and the y shall determine the law and the facts under the direction of the court; if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, 1 was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party shall acquitted.

SEC. 14. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property, except due process of law.

SEC. 15. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this te, otherwise than in the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have a duly convicted.

SEC. 16. Ex post facto laws, or laws impairing the obligation of contracts, not be passed.

SEC. 17. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use Sept on due compensation being first made to the owner or owners thereof, a manner to be prescribed by law; and whenever an attempt is made to e private property for a use alleged to be public, the question whether contemplated use be public shall be a judicial question, and as such deterhed without regard to legislative assertion that the use is public.

SEC. 18. No religious test as a qualification for office shall be required; no preference shall be given by law to any religious sect, or mode of worp: but the free enjoyment of all religious sentiments and the different modes worship shall be held sacred. The rights hereby secured shall not be conned to justify acts of licentiousness injurious to morals or dangerous to the ce and safety of the State, or to exclude the Holy Bible from use in any blic school of this State.

SEC. 19. Human life shall not be imperiled by the practice of dueling; d any citizen of this State who shall hereafter fight a duel, or assist in the me as second, or send, accept, or knowingly carry a challenge therefor, ether such act be done in the State, or out of it, or who shall go out of e State to fight a duel, or to assist in the same as second, or to send, accept carry a challenge, shall be disqualified from holding any office under this nstitution and shall be disfranchised.

SEC. 20. No person shall be elected or appointed to office in this State tlife or during good behavior, but the term of all offices shall be for some cified period.

SEC. 21. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended. less when in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it, or ever without the authority of the legislature.

SEC. 22. No person's life or liberty shall be twice placed in jeopardy for

the same offense; but there must be an actual acquittal or conviction on th merits to bar another prosecution.

SEC. 23. The people shall be secure in their persons, houses and posse sions, from unreasonable seizure or search; and no warrant shall be issue without probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, specially designa ing the place to be searched and the person or thing to be seized.

SEC. 24. All courts shall be open; and every person for an injury do him in his lands, goods, person or reputation, shall have remedy by due course law, and right and justice shall be administered without sale, denial or delay. SEC. 25. No person shall be debarred from prosecuting or defending ar civil cause, for or against him or herself before any tribunal in this Stat by him or herself, or counsel, or both.

SEC. 26. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a right to heard by himself or counsel, or both, to demand the nature and cause of t accusation, to be confronted by the witnesses against him, to have compulso process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and in all prosecutions by indictme or information, a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the coun where the offense was committed; and he shall not be compelled to give e dence against himself; but in prosecutions for rape, adultery, fornicatio sodomy or the crime against nature, the court may in its discretion exclu from the court room all persons except such as are necessary in the cond of the trial.

SEC. 27. No person shall for any indictable offense, be proceeded aga criminally by information, except in cases arising in the land or naval for or the militia when in actual service, or by leave of the court for misdemea in office; but the legislature in cases not punishable by death or by impris ment in the penitentiary, may dispense with the inquest of the grand ju and may authorize prosecutions before justices of the peace, or such of inferior court or courts as may be established, and the proceedings in such ca shall be regulated by law.

SEC. 28. Cruel or unusual punishment shall not be inflicted, nor excess fines be imposed.

SEC. 29. Excessive bail shall not be required; and all persons shall, bef conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses w the proof is evident or presumption great.

SEC. 30. There shall be no imprisonment for debt.
SEC. 31.

The right of trial by jury shall remain inviolate, but the leg lature may, by enactment, provide that in all civil suits tried in the circuit chancery courts, nine or more jurors may agree on the verdict, and return as the verdict of the jury.1

SEC. 32. The enumeration of rights in this constitution shall not be a strued to deny or impair others retained by, and inherent in, the people.

ARTICLE IV.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

SEC. 33. The legislative power of this State shall be vested in the legis ture, which shall consist of a senate, and a house of representatives.

SEC. 34. The house of representatives shall consist of members chos every four years by the qualified electors of the several counties and represe ative districts.

SEC. 35. The senate shall consist of members to be chosen every years by the qualified electors of the several districts.

SEC. 36. The legislature shall meet at the seat of government in regul sessions on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January of the A. D. 1912, and every two years thereafter, unless sooner convened by Governor.2

1 Amendment proposed by the legislature of 1914, ratified by the electors on N 3, 1914, and formally inserted in the constitution by the legislature of 1916.

2 Amendment proposed by the legislature of 1910, ratified by the electors on N 8, 1910, and formally inserted in the constitution by the legislature of 1912.

SEC. 37. Elections for members of the legislature shall be held in the eral counties and districts as provided by law.

SEC. 38. Each house shall elect its own officers, and shall judge of the alifications, return and election of its own members.

SEC. 39. The senate shall choose a president pro tempore to act in the sence or disability of its presiding officer.

QUALIFICATIONS AND PRIVILEGES OF LEGISLATORS.

SEC. 40. Members of the legislature before entering upon the discharge their duties shall take the following oath: "I, do solemnly swear affirm) that I will faithfully support the constitution of the United States 1 of the State of Mississippi; that I am not disqualified from holding office by constitution of this State; that I will faithfully discharge my duties as a islator; that I will, as soon as practicable hereafter, carefully read (or we read to me) the constitution of this State, and will endeavor to note, 1 as a legislator, to execute all the requirements thereof imposed on the islature; and I will not vote for any measure or person because of a promise any other member of this legislature to vote for any measure or person, as a means of influencing him or them to do so. So help me God." SEC. 41. No person shall be a member of the house of representatives who ill not have attained the age of twenty-one years, and who shall not be a lified elector of the State, and who shall not have been a resident citizen the State four years, and of the county two years, immediately preceding election. The seat of a member of the house of representatives shall be ated on his removal from the county or flotorial district from which he was pted.

SEC. 42. No person shall be a senator who shall not have attained the of twenty-five years, who shall not have been a qualified elector of the te four years, and who shall not be an actual resident of the district or terrihe may be chosen to represent, for two years before his election. The of a senator shall be vacated upon his removal from the district from ich he was elected.

SEC. 43. No person liable as principal for public moneys unaccounted for all be eligible to a seat in either house of the legislature, or to any office profit or trust, until he shall have accounted for and paid over all sums which he may have been liable.

SEC. 44. No person shall be eligible to a seat in either house of the legisture, or to any office of profit or trust, who shall have been convicted of bery, perjury, or other infamous crime; and any person who shall have en convicted of giving, or offering, directly, or indirectly, any bribe to prore his election or appointment; and any person who shall give, or offer y bribe to procure the election or appointment of any person to office, shall, on viction thereof, be disqualified from holding any office of profit or trust under laws of this State.

SEC. 45. No senator or representative during the term for which he was etel, shall be eligible to any office of profit, which shall have been created, the emoluments of which have been increased, during the time such senator representative was in office, except to such offices as may be filled by an elecon of the people.

SEC. 46. The members of the legislature shall severally receive from the ate treasury, compensation for their services, to be prescribed by law, which ay be increased or diminished, but no alteration of such compensation of embers shall take effect during the session at which it is made.

SEC. 47. No member of the legislature shall take any fee or reward or counsel in any measure pending before either house of the legislature, under enalty of forfeiting his seat, upon proof thereof to the satisfaction of the Duse, of which he is a member.

SEC. 48. Senators and representatives shall. in all cases, except treason, lony, theft or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the ssion of the legislature, and for fifteen days before the commencement and fter the termination of each session.

TRIAL OF OFFICERS.

SEC. 49. The house of representatives shall have the sole power of inpeachment; but two-thirds of all the members present must concur therein. All impeachments shall be tried by the senate, and, when sitting for that par pose, the senators shall be sworn to do justice according to law and the evi dence.

SEC. 50. The governor, and all other civil officers of this State. shall b liable to impeachment for treason, bribery, or any high crime or misdemeanor i office.

SEC. 51. Judgment in such cases shall not extend further than remova from office, and disqualification to hold any office of honor, trust or profit i this State; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, be subject to indie ment, trial, judgment and punishment according to law.

SEC. 32. When the governor shall be tried, the chief justice of the preme court shall preside; and when the chief justice is disabled, disqualifie or refuses to act, the judge of the supreme court, next oldest in commissio shall preside; and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence two-thirds of all the senators present.

SEC. 53. For reasonable cause, which shall not be sufficient ground impeachment, the governor shall, on the joint address of two-thirds of ea branch of the legislature, remove from office the judges of the supreme inferior courts; but the cause or causes of removal shall be spread on journal, and the party charged be notified of the same and have an oppe tunity to be heard by himself or counsel, or both, before the vote is fina taken and decided.

SEC. 54. A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to do ba ness; but a less number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the atten ance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each sh provide.

SEC. 55. Each house may determine rules of its own proceedings, puni its members for disorderly behavior; and with the concurrence of two-thirds the members present, expel a member; but no member, unless expelled for the bribery or corruption, shall be expelled a second time for the same offens Both houses shall from time to time, publish journals of their proceeding except such parts as may in their opinion require secrecy; and the yeas at nays, on any question, shall be entered on the journal, at the request of tenth of the members present; and the yeas and nays shall be entered on journal on the final passage of every bill.

SEC. 56. The style of the laws of the State shall be: "Be it enacted the legislature of the State of Mississippi."

SEC. 57. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjour for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the tw houses shall be sitting.

SEC. 58. The doors of each house. when in session, or in committee the whole, shall be kept open, except in cases which may require secrecy; an each house may punish, by fine and imprisonment, any person not a membe who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house, by any disorderly or contemptuou behavior in its presence, or who shall in any way disturb its deliberations du ing the session; but such imprisonment shall not extend beyond the final ad journment of that session.

SEC. 59. Bills may originate in either house and be amended or rejected in the other; and every bill shall be read on three different days in each hous unless two-thirds of the house where the same is pending shall dispense wit the rules; and every bill shall be read in full immediately before the vote its final passage; and every bill having passed both houses, shall be signe by the president of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives in open session; but before either shall sign any bill, he shall give notic thereof, suspend business in the house over which he presides, have the bil

d by its title, and on demand of any member, have it read in full; and such proceedings shall be entered on the journal.

SEC. 60. No bill shall be so amended in its passage through either house to change its original purpose, and no law shall be passed except by bill; but ers, votes and resolutions of both houses, affecting the prerogatives and ies thereof, or relating to adjournment, to amendments to the constitution, the investigation of public officers, and the like, shall not require the signae of the governor; and such resolutions, orders and votes, may empower legisve committees to administer oaths, to send for persons and papers, and erally make legislative investigations effective.

SEC. 61. No law shall be revived or amended by reference to its title 7. but the section or sections as amended, or revived, shall be inserted at tb.

SEC. 62. No amendment to bills by one house shall be concurred in by other, except by a vote of a majority thereof, taken by yeas and nays the names of those voting for and against recorded upon the journals; | reports of committees of conference shall in like manner be adopted in h house.

SEC. 63. No appropriation bill shall be passed by the legislature which s not fix definitely the maximum sum thereby authorized to be drawn from treasury.

SEC. 64. No bill passed after the adoption of this constitution to make ropriations of money out of the State treasury, shall continue in force e than six months after the meeting of the legislature at its next regular sion: nor shall such bill be passed except by the votes of a majority of all members elected to each house of the legislature.

SEC. 65. All votes on the final passage of any measure shall be subject to nsideration for at least one whole legislative day, and no motion to reconr such vote shall be disposed of adversely on the day on which the original was taken, except on the last day of the session.

SEC. 66. No law granting a donation or gratuity in favor of any person bject shall be enacted except by the concurrence of two-thirds of the members t of each branch of the legislature, nor by any vote for a sectarian purpose use.3

SEC. 67. No new bills shall be introduced into either house of the legis ure during the last three days of the session.

SEC. 68. Appropriation and revenue bills shall, at regular sessions of the islature, have precedence in both houses over all other business, and no h bills shall be passed during the last five days of the session.

SEC. 69. General appropriation bills shall contain only the appropriations defray the ordinary expenses of the executive, legislative and judicial departnts of the government, to pay interest on State bonds, and to support the amon schools. All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, embracing but one subject. Legislation shall not be engrafted on approation bills, but the same may prescribe the conditions on which the money y be drawn, and for what purposes paid.

SEC. 70. No revenue bill nor any bill providing for assessments of propy for taxation, shall become a law, except by a vote of at least three-fifths the members of each house present, and voting.

SEC. 71. Every bill introduced into the legislature shall have a title, and title ought to indicate clearly the subject matter, or matters, of the prosed legislation. Each committee to which a bill may be referred, shall exess in writing its judgment of the sufficiency of the title of the bill, and is, too, whether the recommendation be that the bill do pass, or do not

SEC. 72. Every bill which shall pass both houses shall be presented to governor of the State. If he approve, he shall sign it, but if he does not prove, he shall return it. with his objection, to the house in which it origi

* Amendment proposed by the legislature of 1906, ratified by the electors on Nov. 1906, and formally inserted in the constitution by the legislature of 1908.