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The following sketches will give an idea of the careers and characters of the three correspondents:

DUFF GREEN.

Duff Green was born in Woodford county, Kentucky, on August 15, 1791. His father was William Green, a Revolutionary soldier, and his grandmother was a cousin of George Washington. His mother was related to Humphrey Marshall. On his twenty-first birthday he enlisted in the war of 1812.

Some time after the war, he removed to Missouri and took part in the organization of that State. He was a colonel of militia, a member of the Missouri Constitutional Convention and a Senator in the State Legislature in 1823. In the same year he became editor of the St. Louis "Enquirer." It is said of him that he organized the first line of stage coaches west of the Mississippi river and that he had a large law practice.

He went to Washington in 1825 and purchased the "United States Daily Telegraph," a daily paper, which he ran as an opposition paper for the next few years, and in the columns of which he denounced Clay's alleged bargain with peculiar relentlessness and supported Andrew Jackson for the presidency.

After the election of Jackson, and until the spring of 1831, the "United States Telegraph" was recognized as the administration organ and Green himself was considered one of the most influential members of the "Kitchen Cabinet." During this period the newspaper was very profitable. In the spring of 1831 came the publication of the Seminole correspondence and the definitive rupture between Jackson and Calhoun. Green took sides with Calhoun, and the letters herewith printed show how devoted he was to Calhoun personally and to Calhoun's political ideas and ambitions as long as that great statesman lived.

Another paper was set up and made the administration organ after the defection of Green, and he and his paper speedily lost prestige and influence and experienced many vicissitudes. In 1835 the "Telegraph" and the "Mirror" were merged, but the "Telegraph" was still published under its old name as late as 1836. In 1838 Green was publishing a weekly paper, called the "Reformer," and a daily paper. But whether the latter was called "Reformer" or "Telegraph" is not quite clear. R. K. Crallé was the editor.

Meanwhile, and even as early as 1835 at least, Green was seeking to establish a chartered book, textbook, and newspaper publishing enterprise; and he was also working up an interest in some coal and iron property in Virginia, in which he had rights. He went to Europe, on a mission for President Tyler, it is said, and on his return, he and Chevalier Wyckoff published a free trade paper in New York, called "The Republic." But the enterprise was soon abandoned. In 1844, while Calhoun was Secretary of State, he went to Texas as consul and thence to Mexico as a special bearer of dispatches, but returned to the United States and gave up the consulship before his name had been sent in to the Senate for confirmation. On a few other occasions he was employed for special missions by later Presidents.

In 1848 Green became interested in contracts for the construction of a railroad from Richmond, Virginia, to Knoxville, Tennessee, and also for the construction of the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad. About 1852 or 1853 he settled near Dalton, in Whitfield county, Georgia, and engaged in business with his son-in-law, who was the son of Mr. Calhoun. A favorite idea of his was the development of Dalton into a city of great importance.

No references to his experiences during the period of the Civil War have been found. He was a delegate in 1869 to the Industrial Convention, which was held in Memphis, Tennessee, and was attended by delegates from New York and other States, North and South. He died in Dalton after an illness of several weeks, on June 10, 1875, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. His wife was Lucretia Edwards, daughter of Hon. N. Edwards, who was at one time Governor of Illinois.1

DIXON HALL LEWIS.

Dixon Hall Lewis was born in Hancock county, Georgia, August 10, 1802. He was educated at Mt. Zion Academy, where Senator W. T. Colquitt was one of his fellow pupils and where he left a reputation for brightness and intellectual promise, though he was not considered a very close student. Later he attended South Carolina College and graduated from this institution in 1820 with the B. A. degree. While still in his minority he went to Alabama and settled first in Autauga county and later and permanently in that part of Montgomery county which afterwards became Lowndes county. Here he studied law and was admitted to the bar. Politics, however, became his profession.

In 1825 he was elected to the State Legislature from Montgomery county and from that time until his death in 1848 he was continuously in public service. For three successive sessions, in 1826, 1827 and 1828, he was a member of the Alabama State Legislature by the annual choice of the people of Montgomery county. For eight successive Congresses, from 1829 to 1844, he represented the people of Montgomery District in the national House of Representatives. In 1844, upon the resignation of Senator William R. King to become Minister to France, the Governor appointed Mr. Lewis to be United States Senator. The Legislature of Alabama promptly elected him to serve out the remainder of Senator King's term and, in the fall of 1847, re-elected him for the term which began on March 4, 1847. Senator King had meanwhile returned from his mission and was a candidate before the Legislature against Lewis. Only on the eighteenth ballot did he withdraw.

Mr. Lewis was a State rights man and a strict constructionist, and as such he opposed national banks and internal improvements at national expense. He favored Van Buren's independent treasury plan and he was a free trader. He was also pronounced in his attitude on the slavery question and on the public land question he was a strong advocate of the equitable interests of the new States. He was an intimate personal friend of John C. Calhoun and was generally in full political accord with him also.

'Compiled from: National Encyclopaedia of American Biography, the Memphis "Avalanche," June 15, 1875, and the Atlanta "Constitution," of June 11, 1875.

Mr. Lewis was a member of the Committee on Manufactures and of the Committee on Indian Affairs in the first session of the 22d Congress, and the chairman of the later committee in the second session of this Congress and the first session of the next. Again during the last session of the 25th Congress he was a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was twice a member of the Committee on Ways and Means, once in the first regular session of the 27th Congress, 1841-2, and again in the first session of the 28th Congress, 1843-4. In the less numerous Senate more committee business was given to him. He was on the Committees on Roads and Canals, Patent and Patent Office, and Library one session each. He was twice a member and once chairman of the Committee on "Retrenchment." In the 29th Congress he was on the Committee on Finances, and was serving as its acting chairman at the time the Walker tariff was passed and was the regular chairman in the next session.

In the first session of the 26th Congress he came at one time within four votes of being elected speaker. This was the Congress in which the organization of the House was delayed by the struggle over the disputed New Jersey credentials. When at last the balloting for speaker began, on December 14, 1839, the Whig strength was concentrated on John Bell and the Democratic on J. W. Jones, of Virginia, but neither had a majority. On the third ballot the most of the Whigs voted for W. C. Dawson, of Georgia; and on the fourth the bulk of the Democratic vote was divided between R. M. T. Hunter, of Virginia, and Mr. Lewis. On the eighth ballot Lewis received 113 votes in a total of 233, but on the eleventh Hunter received 119, two more than a majority.

Though the amount of committee work which he did was not very large, and though he took a less prominent position on the floor than might be expected of one who had served so long he must yet be reckoned one of the most influential men in party councils on his side of the House.

His position on the tariff question endeared him to the commercial men of New York City and it was as their guest that he went to that city in the fall of 1848. While there he was seized with an acute and unexpected illness and died on October 25. Two days later

his funeral was attended by representative citizens and municipal officers of the city. He was buried in Greenwood cemetery on a lot that was donated; but the other funeral and monumental expenses were defrayed by the family.

At his death he left a widow (the daughter of General John A. Elmore, a Revolutionary officer) and six children. He suffered throughout his life from an excessive weight of flesh. When twentyone years old he weighed 330 pounds and at his death his weight was scarcely under 450 pounds. He was obliged to provide himself with special furniture wherever he was for his own comfort and safety, and when traveling in public conveyances he was accustomed to engage accommodations for two passengers for his own use.1

'Compiled from Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, the Congressional Globe, and a letter from a grandson, Mr. D. H. Lewis, of Waverly, Texas.

RICHARD KEnner Cralle.

"Richard Kenner Crallé, who was born in Lynchburg county, Va., in 1800 was the eldest son of Richard Kenner Crallé, Sr., and his wife Lucy (Jones) Crallé. On the paternal side he was descended from the Kenners and Balls of Northumberland and Westmoreland counties in the same State; and on the maternal side was a greatgrandson of Peter Jones, of Dinwiddie county, who was an engineer in the exploration of the Dismal Swamp conducted by Col. Wm. Byrd and for whom Col. Byrd named the city of Petersburg, Va.1

"Mr. Crallé after preparatory education was a student at William and Mary College, receiving honorable mention there in 1821 for progress in his studies, but owing to loss of the college books there is no record of date of entrance, or of length of stay or of his graduation; thereafter adopting the law as a profession he was duly admitted to the bar of his native county, but his decided literary bent soon led him to abandon his profession and to devote most of his after life to pursuits in harmony with that inclination.

"On February 5th, 1829, he married Judith Scott, daughter of Dr. Jno. Jordan Cabell, of Lynchburg, Va., and his wife, Henry Anne (Davies) Cabell, by whom he had two daughters, but one of whom survived and left descendants. Mrs. Judith S. Crallé died in 1835, and about 1842, he married for his second wife Elizabeth Morris, a descendant of Richard Morris, of Hanover county, Va., of which union there are sons and daughters now living.

"Mr. Crallé, through the influence of his first wife, became a devout receiver of the doctrines and philosophy of the New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgian) in which faith he continued during his life and to the service of which he devoted, to a considerable extent, the use of his graceful and accomplished, and not infrequently caustic, pen. He also was the author of a number of lyrical poems, some of which were published anonymously, but most of them remained in the original MSS. in the possession of his family.

"In politics Mr. Crallé was a Democrat, and for years was engaged as editor of various newspapers published in the interests of his party, first the 'Jeffersonian and Virginia Times,' owned by his father-in-law, Dr. Cabell, in Lynchburg; subsequently in Richmond, and finally in Washington, where he first formed, I think, his personal acquaintance with Mr. J. C. Calhoun. Upon the latter's appointment to the portfolio of the Secretary of State by Mr. Tyler, Mr. Crallé yielded to Mr. Calhoun's personal solicitation and accepted the chief clerkship under him, chiefly for the purpose of aiding in the correspondence with the representative of Great Britain in regard to the establishment of the northwestern boundary line between this country and Canada.

"When Mr. Calhoun returned to the Senate in 1845 Mr. Crallé resigned his position. Thereafter his life was passed uneventfully, except for his work as Mr. Calhoun's literary executor in the publication of the well-known works of the Carolina statesman issued from the Appleton house.

'See Westover MSS.

"Mr. Crallé was a man of exceptionally refined, even fastidious, nature and life, in no respect fitted for the practical life of a politician, whose practices, even such as are not equivocal from a moral standpoint, were utterly repugnant to the feelings of one whose proper field of activity was the library and who found in the companionship of his wife and children and a few chosen friends of similar tastes, all the human association his appetite craved. Utterly intolerant of vice, even in the mildest forms and of the coarseness which is so often its outward sign, the charm which Mr. Calhoun had for him was evidently that statesman's personal purity and intellectual refinement rather than their coincidence of political faith.

"Mr. Crallé occasionally talked with that conversational eloquence for which he was noted to Mr. Calhoun upon what he deemed the most important as it was the most interesting of all topics, the system of theology and philosophy taught in the New Jerusalem Church. From an auditor of some of these conversations, I have heard that Mr. Calhoun was deeply impressed and expressed regretfully his inability to give the subject that study and reflection which were engrossed by the cares of his public life.

"Mr. Crallé divided his residence after Mr. Calhoun's death between Lynchburg and his estate of 'Meadow Grove' in Greenbrier county. From this last named home he was compelled by the military operations in 1863 to remove his family for security to Lunenburg county and here, at the home of a brother, he was stricken with paralysis, to which he succumbed June 10, 1864."

CALHOUN AS SEEN BY HIS POLITICAL FRIENDS.

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[With regard to the following it is important to bear in mind that the "Seminole Correspondence" was published in February, 1831, and early in April following the reorganization of the cabinet was begun.]

From-Duff Green.

To-Messrs. Cabell & Co, Editors Jeffersonian, Lynchburg, Va.

Dated-Washington, April 16, 1831.
Confidential.

Mortified that his "motives and character are misconceived," he professes to have acted in the belief that “adherence to the principles of our political faith would best ad

Mr. Richard K. Campbell, an officer in the United States Bureau of Immigration, Washington, D. C., kindly furnished this sketch of his grandfather, Mr. R. K. Crallé.

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